RESUMO
This introduction provides an overview of the major constructs that are the focus of this Special Issue. Individualism and collectivism have been the cornerstones of theoretical work on cultural values in psychological science, and conformity is an important component of theories related to motivational values. Individualism, collectivism and conformity values are reviewed in relation to parenting (warmth, knowledge solicitation, rules/limit-setting, parents' expectations regarding children's family obligations) and children's adjustment (internalising and externalising behaviours). Background on the Parenting Across Cultures project, a study of children, mothers and fathers, in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand and the United States) is provided as a prelude to the country-specific papers from each of these countries that follow in the rest of the Special Issue before a final concluding paper that focuses on between-country versus within-country variation in cultural values, parenting and children's adjustment.
Assuntos
Comparação Transcultural , Poder Familiar , Valores Sociais , Humanos , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Poder Familiar/etnologia , Valores Sociais/etnologia , Criança , Adaptação Psicológica , Ajustamento Social , Colômbia/etnologia , Feminino , Jordânia/etnologiaRESUMO
This study examined associations between maternal and paternal cultural values (individualism, collectivism and conformity) and parenting dimensions (warmth, psychological control, autonomy granting, rule setting, knowledge solicitation and family obligations) and children's adjustment (internalising and externalising behaviours) in 113 families with children (Mage = 10.8 years) recruited from Zarqa, Jordan. Bivariate correlations and multiple regression analyses were used to examine study question. Results revealed that mothers' individualism was positively correlated with more maternal warmth, more rules/limit-setting and fathers' and children's perceptions regarding children's greater family obligations. Fathers' individualism was not significantly correlated with any parenting or child adjustment variables. Mothers' and fathers' higher collectivism was correlated with more maternal and paternal warmth, respectively; however, mothers' and fathers' higher conformity values were not significantly correlated with any parenting or child adjustment variables. Mothers' collectivism was not associated with any parenting or child adjustment variables after taking into account the other cultural values, child gender and mothers' education; however, fathers' higher collectivism was associated with more paternal warmth, fathers' higher expectations for children's family obligations and less child internalising behaviour. The findings have implications for understanding how cultural values are related to parenting and children's adjustment in Jordan.
Assuntos
Poder Familiar , Valores Sociais , Humanos , Jordânia/etnologia , Poder Familiar/etnologia , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Feminino , Masculino , Criança , Valores Sociais/etnologia , Adulto , Ajustamento Social , Relações Pais-Filho/etnologia , Adaptação PsicológicaRESUMO
Abstract For asthma treatment in children, caregivers need good knowledge and attitudes regarding the disease and its treatment. This study aimed to determine the impact of cultural factors, the level of health education provided to patients and their families, as well as the impact of stigmatization on the treatment awareness of children with asthma in southern Jordan. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of ninety-seven caregivers selected from three hospitals in southern Jordan. Open ended questions were answered after demonstrating the inhaler technique in and evaluated according to the instructions of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP, 2013). The result revealed moderate knowledge of asthma with a mean score of (22.36/32), as well as moderate knowledge of asthma treatment (24.26/40). A high mean was found for the impact of cultural and environmental factors (22.93/28), whereas low impact was found for stigma with a mean value of (4.73/12). Therefore, to improve future asthma management, additional efforts are required to educate caregivers and improve their asthma awareness and rectify any falsehoods regarding asthma medications by health care providers.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Criança , Educação em Saúde/classificação , Fatores Culturais , Jordânia/etnologia , Conscientização/ética , Preparações Farmacêuticas/administração & dosagem , Cristianismo , Cuidadores/ética , Hospitais/normasRESUMO
Temporalities of care shape the lives of families raising children with Down syndrome in Jordan. As they age, parents grapple with the future's uncertainties and often circle back to questions of marriage. Marriage is a key symbol of adulthood, shaping futures and actualities of care by distributing gendered and generational labor among kin. Over time, children with Down syndrome depart from the normative trajectories embedded in these kinship- and marriage-based systems of care, leaving them stuck. While parents worry about care futures, they and their grown children contend with constricting opportunities in the present.
Assuntos
Cuidadores , Síndrome de Down , Família , Casamento/etnologia , Adulto , Antropologia Médica , Criança , Síndrome de Down/etnologia , Síndrome de Down/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Jordânia/etnologia , MasculinoRESUMO
This study tested culture-general and culture-specific aspects of adolescent developmental processes by focusing on opportunities and peer support for aggressive and delinquent behavior, which could help account for cultural similarities and differences in problem behavior during adolescence. Adolescents from 12 cultural groups in 9 countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States) provided data at ages 12, 14, and 15. Variance in opportunities and peer support for aggression and delinquency, as well as aggressive and delinquent behavior, was greater within than between cultures. Across cultural groups, opportunities and peer support for aggression and delinquency increased from early to mid-adolescence. Consistently across diverse cultural groups, opportunities and peer support for aggression and delinquency predicted subsequent aggressive and delinquent behavior, even after controlling for prior aggressive and delinquent behavior. The findings illustrate ways that international collaborative research can contribute to developmental science by embedding the study of development within cultural contexts.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/etnologia , Desenvolvimento do Adolescente , Agressão , Delinquência Juvenil/etnologia , Grupo Associado , Apoio Social , Adolescente , Criança , China/etnologia , Colômbia/etnologia , Comparação Transcultural , Feminino , Humanos , Itália/etnologia , Jordânia/etnologia , Quênia/etnologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Filipinas/etnologia , Suécia/etnologia , Tailândia/etnologia , Estados Unidos/etnologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disorder characterised by chronic widespread pain, fatigue and sleep disturbances with higher prevalence in females. Psychological factors contribute largely to FM. Although women war refugees represent a fragile population that is prone to psychological distress, FM was not studied in this population. OBJECTIVE: The current study had three objectives: (1) to screen FM and insomnia prevalence and severity, (2) to study the correlation between FM severity and insomnia and (3) to study FM treatment trends and their concordance with the guidelines among female Syrian refugees residing in Jordan. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was performed. Data from 384 Syrian female were analysed from four medical centres in Jordan. The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) was used to study FM prevalence. Structured questions were designed to explore FM pharmacotherapeutic trend, and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was used to screen insomnia. RESULTS: The prevalence of severe FM was about (30%), with a significant correlation with insomnia. Acetaminophen was used for FM relief in 60% of the study sample. CONCLUSIONS: Fibromyalgia prevalence is high among female refugees and is associated with insomnia. The treatment is suboptimal. The early screening and raising awareness of FM diagnosis and treatments are highly recommended. Key Points Fibromyalgia is an overlooked disorder especially among female war refugees The prevalence of severe fibromyalgia was about (30%), with a significant correlation with insomnia Fibromyalgia among the Syrian female refugees is mistreated perhaps due to lack of the proper diagnosis.
Assuntos
Fibromialgia/epidemiologia , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Refugiados/estatística & dados numéricos , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/epidemiologia , Adulto , Conflitos Armados , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Fibromialgia/diagnóstico , Fibromialgia/terapia , Humanos , Jordânia/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/diagnóstico , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/terapia , Síria/etnologiaRESUMO
This short piece is a reflection on some of the stark cultural, social, and official differences between Australian and Jordanian handling of the mental health crisis triggered by COVID-19 seen through the eyes of two researchers living in the 2 countries. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Coronavirus/psicologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde/etnologia , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/psicologia , Pneumonia Viral/transmissão , Adulto , Ansiedade/psicologia , Austrália/etnologia , COVID-19 , Medo/psicologia , Humanos , Controle de Infecções/legislação & jurisprudência , Jordânia/etnologia , Senso de Humor e Humor como AssuntoRESUMO
We investigated whether bidirectional associations between parental warmth and behavioral control and child aggression and rule-breaking behavior emerged in 12 cultural groups. Study participants included 1,298 children (M = 8.29 years, standard deviation [SD] = 0.66, 51% girls) from Shanghai, China (n = 121); Medellín, Colombia (n = 108); Naples (n = 100) and Rome (n = 103), Italy; Zarqa, Jordan (n = 114); Kisumu, Kenya (n = 100); Manila, Philippines (n = 120); Trollhättan/Vänersborg, Sweden (n = 101); Chiang Mai, Thailand (n = 120); and Durham, NC, United States (n = 111 White, n = 103 Black, n = 97 Latino) followed over 5 years (i.e., ages 8-13). Warmth and control were measured using the Parental Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire, child aggression and rule-breaking were measured using the Achenbach System of Empirically-Based Assessment. Multiple-group structural equation modeling was conducted. Associations between parent warmth and subsequent rule-breaking behavior were found to be more common across ontogeny and demonstrate greater variability across different cultures than associations between warmth and subsequent aggressive behavior. In contrast, the evocative effects of child aggressive behavior on subsequent parent warmth and behavioral control were more common, especially before age 10, than those of rule-breaking behavior. Considering the type of externalizing behavior, developmental time point, and cultural context is essential to understanding how parenting and child behavior reciprocally affect one another.
Assuntos
Agressão , Comparação Transcultural , Relações Pais-Filho/etnologia , Poder Familiar/etnologia , Pais/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , China/etnologia , Colômbia/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Itália/etnologia , Jordânia/etnologia , Quênia/etnologia , Masculino , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Filipinas/etnologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Suécia/etnologia , Tailândia/etnologia , Estados Unidos/etnologiaRESUMO
Circassians are a Caucasian ethnic group who make up a significant minority in Jordan. Although other ethnic groups have been the subject of forensic genetic analysis, no published study has investigated the forensic genetic efficiency of short tandem repeats (STRs) in Circassians, neither in Jordan nor in any other country. The main objective of the current study is to determine the allelic frequencies and evaluate the forensic efficiency parameters of 21 highly polymorphic autosomal STR loci among the Circassian subpopulation in Jordan. The GlobalFiler loci were amplified using DNA extracted from the whole blood samples of 150 Jordanian Circassians. The SE33 locus was found to be the most informative and polymorphic STR marker while TPOX was the least informative. However, allele 8 of TPOX was the most common across all of the investigated 21 loci in Jordanian Circassians. The combined matching probability (CMP) and combined power of discrimination (CPD) were 5.02E-24 and 0.9999999, respectively.
Assuntos
Genética Forense/métodos , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , População Branca/genética , Adulto , Alelos , DNA/genética , Impressões Digitais de DNA/métodos , Etnicidade/genética , Feminino , Genética Forense/normas , Frequência do Gene/genética , Genética Populacional/métodos , Humanos , Jordânia/etnologia , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Polimorfismo Genético/genéticaRESUMO
This study investigated the association between perceived material deprivation, children's behavior problems, and parents' disciplinary practices. The sample included 1,418 8- to 12-year-old children and their parents in China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States. Multilevel mixed- and fixed-effects regression models found that, even when income remained stable, perceived material deprivation was associated with children's externalizing behavior problems and parents' psychological aggression. Parents' disciplinary practices mediated a small share of the association between perceived material deprivation and children's behavior problems. There were no differences in these associations between mothers and fathers or between high- and low- and middle-income countries. These results suggest that material deprivation likely influences children's outcomes at any income level.
Assuntos
Comportamento Infantil/etnologia , Comparação Transcultural , Status Econômico , Poder Familiar/etnologia , Comportamento Problema , Criança , China/etnologia , Colômbia/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Itália/etnologia , Jordânia/etnologia , Quênia/etnologia , Masculino , Filipinas/etnologia , Tailândia/etnologia , Estados Unidos/etnologiaRESUMO
The knowledge of Syrian psychosocial activists in displaced communities is an invaluable resource for developing an ecological understanding of community needs and attitudes. This may elucidate the structural challenges of displacement to be addressed in psychosocial interventions. During Phase 1 of the study, we employed the community readiness model-a tool to assess community climate, needs, and resources-to determine community capacity-building needs. Eight Syrian key informants were interviewed in Amman, Jordan (December 2013 to January 2014). Community readiness scores were calculated. Thematic analysis explored community identified needs. During Phase 2, a focus group was conducted with 11 local psychosocial workers in Amman (September 2016) employing Phase 1 findings to develop a local capacity-building intervention. For the Phase 1 results, community attitudes toward mental health were reported to be rapidly changing. However, continued stigma, lack of knowledge of service availability, and insufficient number of services were noted as barriers to care. Sense of civic engagement and cultural knowledge of local psychosocial actors were noted as significant strengths. However, lack of access to work rights and technical supervision were identified as contributing to burnout, undermining the sustainability of local, grassroots initiatives. A need for training in clinical interventions, along with ongoing supervision, was identified. For the Phase 2 results, local psychologists elected to receive training in culturally adapted cognitive behavior therapy and operational capacity building. The cultural and contextual knowledge of Syrian community members are invaluable. Unfortunately, failure to provide these professionals with basic work rights and technical support have undermined the sustainability of their endeavors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Assuntos
Fortalecimento Institucional , Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde/etnologia , Pessoal de Saúde , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Refugiados , Serviço Social , Avaliação Momentânea Ecológica , Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Pessoal de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Humanos , Jordânia/etnologia , Síria/etnologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy and applicability of the maximal opposition approach to treatment of an Arabic-speaking child with a phonological disorder. A 4:2 year old Jordanian boy, born and raised in Kuwait, received phonological therapy using a maximal opposition approach with major-class distinctions, using a single-case experimental design. The child's speech production accuracy improved. Success with this one child suggests phonological contrast therapy-specifically a maximal opposition approach-could be used to treat other Arabic-speaking children who present with phonological disorders. More research is required before the most appropriate technique and treatment frequency for Arabic speaking children can be determined.
Assuntos
Medida da Produção da Fala , Transtorno Fonológico/terapia , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Jordânia/etnologia , Kuweit , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Syrian conflict has resulted in major humanitarian crises. The risk is particularly high amongst female children who face additional gendered risks, such as harassment and sexual violence, including a rise in prevalence of child marriage. Despite the importance of this topic, current literature remains relatively scarce. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the social and healthcare repercussions of Syrian refugee child marriages in Jordan and Lebanon. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was carried out to gather evidence, from a total of eight articles. Data analysis was conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme check tool to systematically assess the trustworthiness, relevance and results of the included papers. RESULTS: The findings of this research identify tradition, honour, economics, fear, and protection-related factors as drivers of child marriage of refugees in Jordan and Lebanon. These motives overlap with findings regarding access to reproductive health and reproductive rights. The lack of autonomy of the child to give informed consent is augmented in the context of protracted violence and displacement. CONCLUSION: There is a need for a holistic approach to provide safe spaces, education, and protection to young girls and their families to reduce their acceptance of child marriage.
Assuntos
Casamento/etnologia , Refugiados/estatística & dados numéricos , Altruísmo , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Jordânia/etnologia , Líbano/etnologia , Direitos Sexuais e Reprodutivos , Síria/epidemiologiaRESUMO
There is a scarcity of research on suicidal phenomena in the Muslim world. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the self-reported prevalence of suicidal thoughts, attempts and motives in 12 Muslim countries. A total of 8417 (54.4% women) university students were surveyed by means of a self-report questionnaire. Overall, 22% of the participants reported suicidal ideation and 8.6% reported attempting suicide. The odds of suicidal thoughts were elevated in Azerbaijan, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia, while reduced ORs were recorded in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Malaysia. While odds of suicide attempts were high in Azerbaijan, Palestine and Saudi Arabia reduced odds ratios (OR) were detected in Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Malaysia and Tunisia. Taking drugs and using a sharp instrument were the two most frequently used methods to attempt suicide. Only 32.7% of attempts required medical attention. Escape motives were endorsed more than social motives by participants who attempted suicide. Suicidal behaviors were more frequent in women than in men. Compered to men, fewer attempts by women required medical attention. Moreover, our results show that making suicide illegal does not reduce the frequency of suicidal behavior. Results from this comparative study show that suicidal thoughts and attempts are frequent events in young adults in countries where religious scripture explicitly prohibit suicide and the frequencies of nonfatal suicidal behavior show large variation in nations adhering to the same religion.
Assuntos
Islamismo/psicologia , Motivação , Religião e Psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Suicídio/etnologia , Adulto , Azerbaijão/etnologia , Egito/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Indonésia/etnologia , Irã (Geográfico)/etnologia , Israel/etnologia , Jordânia/etnologia , Líbano/etnologia , Malásia/etnologia , Masculino , Paquistão/etnologia , Prevalência , Arábia Saudita/etnologia , Autorrelato , Fatores Sexuais , Ideação Suicida , Tentativa de Suicídio/etnologia , Tunísia/etnologia , Turquia/etnologia , Universidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: There are at least 22 Arab league states and sections in Northern Africa, southwestern Asia, and Europe that incorporate the vast Middle Eastern culture. The purpose of this study was to identify the cultural variations in newborn care practices, self-management of common illnesses, and their potential impact on infant welfare. METHOD: A qualitative design using a focus group approach with 37 Arab mothers in Jordan was used. RESULTS: Findings revealed strong similarities in terms of beliefs, care practices, and the experience of intergenerational conflict in establishing and maintaining traditional practices among mothers. Potentially harmful practices included restrictive swaddling, rubbing a newborn's body with salt, and encouraging the ingestion of herbs in newborns. DISCUSSION: It is important for nurses and midwives to be aware of traditional practices, cultural beliefs, and the implications for infant welfare if they are to effectively engage with families to promote the well-being of the newborn.
Assuntos
Cuidado do Lactente/métodos , Bem-Estar do Lactente/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , Adulto , Árabes/psicologia , Árabes/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Grupos Focais/métodos , Humanos , Cuidado do Lactente/normas , Bem-Estar do Lactente/etnologia , Bem-Estar do Lactente/estatística & dados numéricos , Recém-Nascido , Jordânia/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
Using multilevel models, we examined mother-, father-, and child-reported (N = 1,336 families) externalizing behavior problem trajectories from age 7 to 14 in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). The intercept and slope of children's externalizing behavior trajectories varied both across individuals within culture and across cultures, and the variance was larger at the individual level than at the culture level. Mothers' and children's endorsement of aggression as well as mothers' authoritarian attitudes predicted higher age 8 intercepts of child externalizing behaviors. Furthermore, prediction from individual-level endorsement of aggression and authoritarian attitudes to more child externalizing behaviors was augmented by prediction from cultural-level endorsement of aggression and authoritarian attitudes, respectively. Cultures in which father-reported endorsement of aggression was higher and both mother- and father-reported authoritarian attitudes were higher also reported more child externalizing behavior problems at age 8. Among fathers, greater attributions regarding uncontrollable success in caregiving situations were associated with steeper declines in externalizing over time. Understanding cultural-level as well as individual-level correlates of children's externalizing behavior offers potential insights into prevention and intervention efforts that can be more effectively targeted at individual children and parents as well as targeted at changing cultural norms that increase the risk of children's and adolescents' externalizing behavior.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/etnologia , Agressão , Comportamento Infantil/etnologia , Comparação Transcultural , Pai , Mães , Poder Familiar/etnologia , Comportamento Problema , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , China/etnologia , Colômbia/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Itália/etnologia , Jordânia/etnologia , Quênia/etnologia , Masculino , Filipinas/etnologia , Suécia/etnologia , Tailândia/etnologia , Estados Unidos/etnologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Asylum seekers have increased risk of suicide and suicidal behavior, with differences related to origin, gender, and age. There are barriers to communication in clinical encounters between asylum seekers and clinicians. There is insufficient knowledge about how communication in the clinical encounter affects the suicide risk in female asylum seekers. AIMS: To explore the documented communication between female asylum-seeking suicide attempters and clinicians and how it affects treatment. METHOD: The medical records of 18 asylum-seeking women who had attempted suicide were analyzed with content analysis. RESULTS: Communication between patients and clinicians was affected by: the unbearable realities of the women; difficulties for clinicians in decoding languages of distress, and understanding trauma and subjective meanings of suicide; challenges of combining patients' and clinicians' perspectives; and a sense of shared powerlessness. LIMITATIONS: The medical records did not give direct access to the patient's experience, only to the patient as documented by the clinician. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that clinicians working with asylum seekers who have attempted suicide need to develop an understanding of social and cultural factors and of trauma issues. A question for further study is how an enhanced integration of context and subjectivity in psychiatric practice would equip clinicians for the specific challenges encountered.
Assuntos
Comunicação , Relações Profissional-Paciente , Refugiados/psicologia , Ideação Suicida , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia , Mulheres/psicologia , Adulto , Afeganistão/etnologia , Azerbaijão/etnologia , Bangladesh/etnologia , Congo/etnologia , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/etnologia , Iraque/etnologia , Jordânia/etnologia , Paquistão/etnologia , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Suécia , Uzbequistão/etnologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: This study examines the role of mindfulness in predicting psychological distress in Arab parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHOD: In this descriptive study, parents of 104 children with ASD completed measures of psychological distress and mindfulness. The severity of autism in children was measured using the DSM-V criteria. RESULTS: After controlling for parental age and gender and the severity level of ASD, mindfulness was significantly associated with the levels of anxiety, stress, and depression in parents (anxiety: ß = 0.49, p < .001; stress: ß = 0.55, p < .001; depression: ß = 0.53, p < .001). CONCLUSION: Mindfulness-based intervention may help to reduce psychological distress in Arab parents of children with ASD.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/etnologia , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/enfermagem , Depressão/etnologia , Atenção Plena , Pais/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/etnologia , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Jordânia/etnologia , MasculinoRESUMO
AIM: This study aims to assess the correlates of stigma toward mental illness among patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS: One hundred and sixty one Jordanian outpatients suffering from MDD completed the study. Participants completed the demographic questionnaire, the Center for Epidemiological Studies for the intensity of depression, and the Devaluation-Discrimination Scale to assess stigma. RESULTS: Participants reported a moderate level of perceived stigma toward mental illness. Age, perceived pain, the number of relapses, and severity of depressive symptoms were significantly correlated with stigma toward mental illness among the study sample. The severity of depressive symptoms was the strongest correlate of stigma toward mental illness. CONCLUSIONS: Factors associated with stigma toward mental illness should be carefully considered when implementing anti-stigma programs for patients.
Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo Maior/etnologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde/etnologia , Percepção Social , Estigma Social , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Jordânia/etnologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To explore the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of parents whose children were diagnosed with epilepsy. METHODS: Cross-sectional questionnaire based study of parents who accompanied their children with epilepsy to the child neurology clinics at three university hospitals in Jordan. RESULTS: Most parents (427, 90.3%) knew that epilepsy is not related to a psychiatric disease. Approximately half of the parents (245, 51.8%) used the internet as their source of knowledge, and most used Arabic websites. Searching the word epilepsy was rarely used (51, 10.8%). Most of the parents (428,90.5%) were not restricting their children from watching TV or from using the computer (358,75.5%).However, many parents (280,59.2%) were restricting them from participating in sports. Parents had negative attitudes towards epilepsy; 189 (40.0%)thought that epileptic children can have normal intelligence, and 292 (61.7%) thought that they can continue into higher education. Greater parental knowledge of epilepsy was found to be correlated with the parental education level (p<0.05).Positive attitudes and behaviors towards epilepsy were found to be correlated with a higher parental education level, control of epilepsy,an absence of associated co morbidities, a higher income and internet use (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study sheds an important light on the current knowledge status and attitudes of parents of children with epilepsy, and is an invaluable tool for tailoring the delivery of information and support resources for families in our region.