RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The lower lip is an important anatomical structure involved in daily activities such as eating, drinking, and speaking, as well as in facial expressions. Lower lip defects should be repaired to preserve lip function without disrupting the aesthetic harmony of the lips within the face. This goal is difficult for plastic surgeons because, for functional and aesthetic repair, it is necessary to replace the mucosa, muscle (especially contractile), and skin tissues present in the lip. METHODS: Subtotal lower lip repair was performed using an innervated depressor anguli oris muscle flap and a desepithelialized reverse superior labial artery flap in seven male patients with a mean age of 63 years. A depressor anguli oris muscle flap was used to repair the orbicularis oris muscle defect. The desepithelialized part of the reverse superior labial artery flap was used for mucosal defect repair, whereas the remaining part was used for skin defect repair. Patients were followed up for an average of 15 months. Patient lips, epithelialization, sensation, and sphincter function were clinically evaluated. Electromyography (EMG) was performed at 6 and 12 months to evaluate the function of the depressor anguli oris muscle flap. RESULTS: All the reverse superior labial artery flaps survived without any loss. Trapdoor deformity developed in the flaps of two patients. The desepithelialized parts of the flaps were completely epithelialized (covered with mucosa) by approximately 6th week. In the EMG controls of the patients at 6 months, the depressor anguli oris muscle was contractible. Sensation regained in the operated lip during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of an innervated depressor anguli oris muscle flap and a desepithelialized reverse superior labial artery flap is an important surgical option for the functional and aesthetic repair of subtotal lower lip defects.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Labiais , Lábio , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Lábio/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/irrigação sanguínea , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/inervação , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/transplante , Idoso , Neoplasias Labiais/cirurgia , Estética , Músculos Faciais/cirurgia , Músculos Faciais/irrigação sanguínea , Músculos Faciais/inervação , Seguimentos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Near-total to total lower lip defects present significant challenges for reconstructive surgeons, requiring restoration of oral competency, maximization of oral aperture, and cosmetic appearance. This report explores a novel reconstructive option addressing all three needs. Traditionally, local flap options restore cosmesis and oral competency by recruiting local tissue of similar thickness, pliability, and appearance, but often result in microstomia. Conversely, free flaps prevent microstomia but can lead to bulky and cosmetically unacceptable reconstructions. We present the first case of using a super-thin superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) free flap for near-total, full-thickness lower lip reconstruction. The patient was a 66-year-old female with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip, requiring wide local excision and resulting in an 80% full-thickness defect with unilateral oral commissure loss. An 8 cm × 5 cm × 5 mm SCIP flap was raised with a 4.5-cm pedicle length and anastomosed to the facial artery and vein. Clear fluids were commenced 7 days postoperatively, wounds healed 2 weeks postoperatively, and a normal diet was resumed at this time. The SCIP flap offers an excellent additional option for managing full-thickness near-total to total lower lip defects. Its thin, pliable nature and minimal donor site morbidity help restore oral competency, maximize oral aperture, and achieve a pleasing cosmetic result.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Retalhos de Tecido Biológico , Artéria Ilíaca , Neoplasias Labiais , Retalho Perfurante , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Neoplasias Labiais/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Artéria Ilíaca/cirurgia , Artéria Ilíaca/transplante , Retalho Perfurante/irrigação sanguínea , Retalho Perfurante/transplante , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Retalhos de Tecido Biológico/transplante , Retalhos de Tecido Biológico/irrigação sanguínea , Lábio/cirurgiaRESUMO
This case presents a method of reductive cheiloplasty: Conway's method with lateral and bilateral wedge excisions contained to the vermillion. It was performed on a female patient with cheilitis granulomatosa after 4 years of trying different medical therapies without effect. The surgery successfully reduced the increased volume, facilitating improved aesthetics and function while preserving oral function, muscle strength as well as sensitivity with no recurrence at the 15-month follow-up. We encourage early collaboration between dermatologists and plastic surgeons regarding the timing of a potential surgery when treating cheilitis granulomatosa.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Melkersson-Rosenthal , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Humanos , Feminino , Síndrome de Melkersson-Rosenthal/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Lábio/cirurgia , Adulto , EstéticaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The gummy smile (GS) or excessive gum visibility (EGV) is an aesthetic concern that affects an individual's attractiveness and personality. TREATMENT PLANNING: Lip Repositioning surgery (LRP) is a less invasive surgery that can be attributed to treating EGV due to hypermobile lip muscles or mild-to-moderate vertical maxillary excess (VME). Three patients went through LRP surgery by stripping overlying mucosa from the buccal vestibule, followed by suturing the lip mucosa to the mucogingival junction (MGJ), creating shallow vestibule and restricted muscle pull and reducing gingival visibility (GV) during a smile. FOLLOWUP: Three months of follow-up showed a satisfactory result with 3.67 ± 0.58 mm mean reduction in GV.
Assuntos
Lábio , Humanos , Lábio/cirurgia , Feminino , Adulto , Sorriso , Masculino , Estética Dentária , Gengiva/cirurgiaRESUMO
Background: Lower lip avulsion is a separation between the lip and the associated soft tissue from the mandible. The degree of these types of injuries varies and heavily affects the outcome of the case. Case Description: This study reported an extensive lower lip avulsion managed by surgery and stem cell metabolite preparation. A one year and nine month-old domestic cats was referred for lower lip avulsion surgery to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital Airlangga University. Owing to the limited amount of tissue, immediate successful results cannot be achieved after the first surgery. Furthermore, tissue necrosis and lack of physical restraint to the cat at home contributed to the delayed union between the soft tissue and mandible, resulting in repeated surgery. Stem cell metabolites preparation was applied at the surgical site and was incorporated into the therapy to support tissue growth. Conclusion: The combination of surgical treatment and stem cell metabolite preparation resulted in good wound healing in the present case.
Assuntos
Lábio , Animais , Gatos/lesões , Lábio/cirurgia , Lábio/lesões , Masculino , Cicatrização , Células-Tronco , Lesões dos Tecidos Moles/veterinária , Lesões dos Tecidos Moles/cirurgia , Doenças do Gato/cirurgiaRESUMO
The upper lip frenulum with an overgrown structure or improper attachment is a common cause of hygienic, orthodontic, or prosthetic issues that prompt surgical intervention. The following article presents the surgical methods for the elimination of the overgrown frenulum, discussing and comparing them. Commonly used and described in the literature methods for surgical correction of the upper lip frenulum include frenulectomy, frenuloplasty, and laser excision of the frenulum. The article presents, discusses, and compares the methods of surgical correction of the upper lip frenulum, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each procedure. According to researchers, when comparing methods using a scalpel, Z-frenuloplasty is characterized by the lowest recurrence rate and consequently the highest effectiveness in eliminating the problem of an overgrown frenulum. The article also outlines several advantages of using laser methods (diode laser, CO2 laser), such as the elimination of bleeding, reduced postoperative pain reported by patients, and the lack of need for suturing the postoperative wound. Each case depends on a thorough clinical examination of the patient, identifying the specific problem, making an accurate diagnosis, and ultimately adjusting the choice of one of the methods to the individual conditions and medical issue of the patient.
Assuntos
Freio Labial , Humanos , Freio Labial/cirurgia , Terapia a Laser/métodos , Lábio/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Large full-thickness lip defects present a reconstructive challenge. OBJECTIVE: To describe the impact on clinical outcomes and institutional cost of the depressor anguli oris myocutaneous (DAOM) flap as an axial pattern transposition flap for reconstruction of large, full-thickness lip defects. METHODS: A multicenter retrospective cohort study of adults with large full-thickness lip defects who underwent DAOM flap reconstruction from 2011 to 2018 was conducted. DAOM flap anatomy and surgical technique were reviewed. The primary outcome of flap viability as well as additional clinical outcomes of postoperative complications and functional results were documented with follow-up ranging up to 11 years. Median length of stay and average institutional cost of care were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 12 patients underwent DAOM flap reconstruction for large full-thickness lip defects. There was 100% flap survival with no episodes of reoperation or readmission. All patients reported maintenance of distinct oral commissures, wide oral opening and full gingivolabial sulcus, excellent oral competence, and intelligible speech. Mean case length was 144 ± 11.5 min with a mean length of stay of 1.6 ± 0.5 days and estimated mean institutional cost of $3766.67 ± $1167.06. CONCLUSIONS: The DAOM flap is an excellent reconstructive option for large full-thickness lip defects with strong functional results and limited donor site morbidity and institutional cost of care.
Assuntos
Lábio , Retalho Miocutâneo , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/economia , Retalho Miocutâneo/transplante , Lábio/cirurgia , Idoso , Adulto , Neoplasias Labiais/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Sobrevivência de EnxertoRESUMO
The lip-splitting approach enables excellent access to all areas of the mouth and pharynx to remove tumors; however, traditional lower lip-splitting incisions produce an unsatisfactory scar. To achieve better functional and aesthetic results, we used a Z-shaped incision and compared the functional and aesthetic outcomes of the straight and Z-shaped incisions. Sixty patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups and underwent lip-splitting between March 2021 and September 2023. Eventually, 77 patients were reviewed within 6 months and evaluated using the lip function assessment scale, patient and observer scar assessment scale, naïve observer scar assessment scale, and a clinical examination. The Z-shaped incision group performed better in terms of the lip pout movement at 3 months and in the subjective overall opinion, color, irregularity, and pigmentation at 6 months. The Z-shaped incision group had a lower incidence of notched vermilion. In conclusion, Z-shaped lower lip-splitting incisions have better functional and aesthetic outcomes than traditional straight incisions.Trial registration: Public title: Difference between the effect of Z-shaped and vertical incisions of labiobuccal flap on the recovery of lower lip scars. Registration date: 09/03/2021. Registration number: ChiCTR2100044084. Registry URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn .
Assuntos
Cicatriz , Estética , Lábio , Humanos , Lábio/cirurgia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Idoso , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The presence of facial jewelry and medical devices within a radiographic field of view may promote the formation of artifacts that challenge diagnostic interpretation. The objective of this article is to describe a previously unreported radiographic anomaly produced by an oral piercing site below the lower lip. This unusual artifact masqueraded as a severe resorptive defect, dental caries, or cervical abfraction and occurred following removal of an extremely large labret below the lower lip and subsequent acquisition of a radiographic image. The radiolucency was ultimately attributed to an extensive aperture below the lower lip created by a series of sequentially larger soft tissue expanders. Clinicians should seek correlation of atypical radiographic presentations with soft tissue defects secondary to injury or intentional oral piercing.
Assuntos
Artefatos , Piercing Corporal , Lábio , Humanos , Lábio/lesões , Lábio/diagnóstico por imagem , Lábio/cirurgia , Piercing Corporal/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Radiografia Dentária , Mucosa Bucal/diagnóstico por imagem , AdultoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aesthetic dimension of transgender experiences involves various aspects linked to the visual representation and expression of one's gender identity. Nonsurgical cosmetic procedures, such as neuromodulators, have consequently become a viable treatment option for patients with gender dysphoria because of the ability to yield significant, although temporary, results with minimal associated risks and downtime. OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively review literature pertaining to the aesthetic considerations for use of neuromodulators in transgender and nonbinary individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review of PubMed/MEDLINE for studies was published through January 2024 for nonsurgical facial and body modification using neuromodulators. Searches were conducted with relevant keywords. Peer-reviewed articles and their references published within the past 10 years were given emphasis in the review. RESULTS: Based on the limited publications to date, the authors prepared a comprehensive review on indications for neuromodulator treatment in this population, including brow positioning, lower face contouring, lip eversion, trapezius slimming, and leg contouring. CONCLUSION: Dermatologists play a crucial role in facilitating the achievement of gender affirmation goals.
Assuntos
Estética , Disforia de Gênero , Pessoas Transgênero , Humanos , Pessoas Transgênero/psicologia , Disforia de Gênero/psicologia , Neurotransmissores , Masculino , Feminino , Técnicas Cosméticas , Lábio/cirurgia , SobrancelhasRESUMO
In recent years there has been an extraordinary increase in the use of different filler materials as facial cosmetic treatments. The popularity of injectable tissue fillers among individuals who wish to restore volume and gain a more youthful appearance is because it is a minimally invasive esthetic procedure for soft tissue augmentation. However, although they are considered efficient and safe, they can trigger complications such as swelling, bruising, erythema, pain, infection, nodule formation, vascular occlusion, and pigmentary changes. The objective of this article was to present a case of a 46-year-old patient who presented with significant facial edema 3 months after lip and infraorbital filling with hyaluronic acid, resistant to medication, which appeared and worsened after starting to use Ozempic for weight loss. Therefore, we chose to perform an intralesional application of hyaluronidase 2.000utr, immediately observing the decrease in edema. After a week, the patient was completely recovered, with no signs of edema, no allergic reactions and feeling very well. The etiology of late inflammatory reactions is unclear and we believe that some medications may be capable of initiating these immune responses. Hyaluronidase is an effective treatment to reverse adverse reactions from hyaluronic acid injection, dissolving the peptide bond proteins within the hyaluronic acid, increasing the viscosity of the material and allowing it to be dispersed throughout the soft tissue.
Assuntos
Preenchedores Dérmicos , Edema , Ácido Hialurônico , Hialuronoglucosaminidase , Humanos , Ácido Hialurônico/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Hialuronoglucosaminidase/uso terapêutico , Preenchedores Dérmicos/efeitos adversos , Técnicas Cosméticas/efeitos adversos , Lábio/cirurgia , Feminino , FaceRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is a rare congenital malformation characterized by lower lip pits among patients with a lip and/or palate cleft. It is transmitted by an autosomal dominant inheritance with variable expressivity. METHODS: The study group consisted of 24 consecutive patients (13 males and 11 females) with VWS operated on at a single center between 2009 and 2022. They suffered from: bilateral cleft lip and palate - 6 patients; unilateral cleft lip and palate - 9 patients; cleft lip - 1 patient; and isolated cleft palate - 8 patients. RESULTS: In 16 (66%) cases pits of lower lip occurred on both side of midline, while in 8 (34%) the pits were detected unilaterally. The primary cleft repairs were performed according to one-stage principle at the mean age of 8.6 months (SD 1.4, range 6-12). In all patients lower lip pits repairs were performed after the primary cleft repairs as a separate procedure at the mean age of 37 months (SD 11.3 range 14-85). The mean number of all primary repairs of the syndrome-both cleft defect and lower lip pits repairs-was 2.46. Nine patients (37.5%) required additional secondary corrections of the lower lip due to the poor aesthetic post-operative outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The frequent need for secondary corrections of residual lower lip deformities indicates the considerable difficulties in obtaining a satisfactory outcome of the repairs to lip pits caused by VWS. The average number of the primary surgical interventions in evaluated material remained low.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas , Fenda Labial , Fissura Palatina , Lábio , Humanos , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Feminino , Fissura Palatina/cirurgia , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Lábio/anormalidades , Lábio/cirurgia , Anormalidades Múltiplas/cirurgia , Pré-Escolar , Lactente , Criança , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Cistos/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Fibrolipoma of the lower lip is an uncommon condition with limited documentation in the literature. This paper provides updated insights into oral and maxillofacial lipomas through a detailed case report and comprehensive literature review, discussing clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, histopathology, and therapeutic strategies. CASE PRESENTATION: A 54-year-old female presented with a painless, enlarging mass on the inner aspect of her right lower lip, first noticed 2 years prior. The mass, now the size of a peanut, interfered with her eating and speech. Physical examination revealed a 2.0â ×â 2.5â ×â 1.0 cm mass beneath the mucous membrane of the right lower lip. It was firm, well-demarcated, and mobile. Surgical excision was performed, and histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of a lower lip fibrolipoma. The lesion was successfully removed without recurrence. CONCLUSION: Lipomas in the oral and maxillofacial regions are rare, slow-growing benign tumors, particularly within the lips. Although their diagnosis is straightforward based on clinical presentation, histopathological confirmation is essential. Surgical resection remains the treatment of choice, with excellent prognostic outcomes.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Labiais , Lipoma , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Lipoma/diagnóstico , Lipoma/cirurgia , Lipoma/patologia , Neoplasias Labiais/patologia , Neoplasias Labiais/cirurgia , Neoplasias Labiais/diagnóstico , Lábio/patologia , Lábio/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In microvascular decompression (MVD) procedures for hemifacial spasm (HFS), surgeons often encounter a rhomboid lip which may obscure the root exit zone (REZ) of the facial nerve. This study aims to explore the anatomical variations of rhomboid lips and their surgical implications to improve safety and effectiveness in MVD surgeries. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 111 patients treated for HFS between April 2021 and March 2023. The presence of a rhomboid lip was assessed through operative video records, and its characteristics, dissection methods, and impact on nerve decompression outcomes were further examined. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were reviewed for detectability of the rhomboid lip. RESULTS: Rhomboid lips were identified in 33% of the patients undergoing MVD, with a higher prevalence in females and predominantly on the left side. Two distinct types of rhomboid lips were observed: membranous and cystic variations. The membranous type was noted for its smaller size and position ventral to the choroid plexus. In contrast, the cystic variation was distinguished by its larger size and a thin membrane that envelops the choroid plexus. Preoperative MRI successfully identified rhomboid lips in only 21% of the patients who were later confirmed to have them in the surgical procedures. Surgical approaches primarily involved incisions on the dorsal wall and along the glossopharyngeal nerve root, with only limited need for extensive dissection from lower cranial nerves. Immediate spasm relief was observed in 97% of the patients. One case exhibited a lower cranial nerve deficit accompanied by brainstem infarction, which was caused by the dissection from the lower cranial nerves. CONCLUSIONS: Recognizing the two variations of the rhomboid lip and understanding their anatomical structures are essential for reducing lower cranial nerve injuries and ensuring effective nerve decompression.
Assuntos
Espasmo Hemifacial , Cirurgia de Descompressão Microvascular , Humanos , Espasmo Hemifacial/cirurgia , Feminino , Masculino , Cirurgia de Descompressão Microvascular/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto , Idoso , Lábio/cirurgia , Lábio/inervação , Nervo Facial/cirurgia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the most effective and least morbid surgical technique for relieving retroglossal airway obstruction in infants with Robin sequence (RS). The study adhered to PRISMA guidelines and included 25 studies (24 cohorts and one case series) that investigated interventions for airway improvement, including conservative measures, tongue-lip adhesion (TLA), mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO), and tracheostomy. The primary outcome variable was complication rate, while predictor variable was the use of interventions for airway improvement. Results showed that conservative measures were the preferred initial management strategy in most studies, while TLA was recommended for infants with mild obstruction, and MDO or tracheostomy was reserved for severe cases. Only complications could be analysed via meta-analysis due to data heterogeneity, revealing that tracheostomy had a summary odds ratio of 5.39 in favour of TLA, while MDO had a ratio of 2.8 over TLA, and the complication rates were similar between MDO and tracheostomy. If conservative measures fail, the study recommends mandibular distraction as the preferable technique for stable airway improvement. If the infant is unsuitable for distraction, tongue-lip adhesion may serve as an alternative, while tracheostomy should be reserved for cases of severe multi-level obstruction. The authors propose that large-scale, multicentre trials comparing long-term outcomes are required to establish definitive guidelines.
Assuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias , Osteogênese por Distração , Síndrome de Pierre Robin , Humanos , Síndrome de Pierre Robin/cirurgia , Síndrome de Pierre Robin/complicações , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/cirurgia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/etiologia , Lactente , Osteogênese por Distração/métodos , Traqueostomia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Resultado do Tratamento , Língua/cirurgia , Lábio/cirurgia , Mandíbula/cirurgiaRESUMO
Reconstruction of vermillion defects of the lower lip requires careful consideration of functional and aesthetic aspects. Traditionally, various local flap methods involving tissue advancement from the corner of the mouth, lateral chin, and medial cheek have been commonly employed to fill lower lip defects. However, these approaches have inherent limitations, which include technical complexity, disruption of the orbicularis oris muscle, lip tightening, microstomia, and visible scarring. To overcome these limitations, we employed a free myomucosal composite graft from the lower lip to reconstruct small to medium vermilion defects. Our technique is based on a simple and reproducible surgical approach that facilitates natural volume rearrangement of tissues. Moreover, this method enables precise inset and tension-free repair, prevents lip tightening, and offers excellent aesthetic outcomes with no vertical scarring and appropriate color matching with surrounding tissues.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Labiais , Lábio , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Labiais/cirurgia , Lábio/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Mucosa Bucal/transplante , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , EstéticaRESUMO
Squamous cell carcinomas are the most common cancer of the lower lip. In most cases, the tumor is small and occupies less than a third of the lower lip, so the defect created can be closed with a primary suture without altering the esthetics and function of the lower lip. However, there is a percentage of large tumors that affect more than two thirds of the lower lip, in which the primary suture is insufficient to correct the defect created by resection of the tumor. Therefore, these cases require more complex reconstructions using facial locoregional flaps. Hence, in this article, the authors present a total reconstruction of the lower lip with a bilateral subcutaneous pedicled nasolabial island flap after complete resection of a squamous cell carcinoma with involvement of the entire lower lip.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Labiais , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Humanos , Neoplasias Labiais/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Masculino , Lábio/cirurgia , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , FemininoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Standardized and reliable medical photographs are crucial for preoperative and postoperative comparisons and academic communication in the medical field. There is limited research on photographic techniques in patients with cleft lip. Deformities of the lip and nose in patients with cleft lip are not only associated with morphological abnormalities but also with abnormalities of muscle function. METHODS: Considering the morphology and function of the lips and nose in cleft lip patients, the study captured the deformity of cleft lip patients in 6 positions: frontal view, 45 degrees left-right tilted side view, 90 degrees left-right tilted side view, and basal view, and in 5 facial expressions: tightly closed lips, slightly open mouth, smiling, teeth bared, and pout. RESULTS: In 6 different positions and 5 different expressions, we took pictures of lip and nasal deformities covering most of the common deformities in patients with cleft lip, such as white lip scarring, interruption of continuity of vermillion border, lip prolapse, asymmetric corners of the mouth, collapsed ala nasi, loss of the nasal base and deviated nasal septum. CONCLUSIONS: This paper suggests a set of effective, easy-to-follow, and precise photographic protocols to assist cleft lip surgeons in capturing suitable and informative, high-quality 2D digital photographs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level-V.