Legislation in Hospital Dentistry: Gaps, Perspectives and Desires

Abstract Objective: To analyze the existing state legislation, including not only the ordinary laws, but also their infralegal regulation and the state legislation on Hospital Dentistry. Material and Methods: A survey was carried out in the databases of the Legislative Assemblies of the Brazilian States and the Federal District, as well as the Regional and Federal Councils of Dentistry in Brazil. Subsequently, a survey was carried out in the databases of the Ministry of Health, State Dental Councils and Federal Dental Council in Brazil. Results: Only 8 Brazilian states have legislation in force regarding hospital dentistry, which represents 29.63% of the federative units. Among the Brazilian regions, the Midwest presented the highest prevalence of the laws found (37.50%), followed by the North (25%) and the other regions with the same coverage (12.50%). Also, an orientation and an ordinance from the Ministry of Health, six resolutions from the Federal Council of Dentistry, and a technical note from the National Health Surveillance Agency were found. Conclusion: Several States do not have rules on the subject, making it imperative to create a federal rule that not only imposes the presence of the dentist, but also regulates the proportion of the team, workload, and availability.

Responsabilidad profesional derivada del ejercicio de la odontología en Costa Rica: I Parte / Professional responsibility derived from the practice of dentistry in Costa Rica: Part I

El aumento a nivel mundial de las denuncias por responsabilidad profesional en Ciencias de la Salud hace imprescindible que quienes ejerzan esta profesión deban conocer las implicaciones de su labor, así como cumplir con los principios bioéticos y jurídicos para garantizar una sana relación odontólogo-paciente. Es importante comprender que el ejercicio de la odontología en Costa Rica está regulado por normas, códigos y leyes como cualquier otra actividad humana en un Estado de Derecho.

The number of complaints related to professional liability in health sciences has increased worldwide, it is essential for dental professionals to be aware of the implications of their labor, as well as to comply with bioethical and legal principles to ensure a healthy dentist-patient relationship. It is important to understand that the practice of dentistry in Costa Rica is regulated by norms, codes, and laws like any other human activity in a State governed by the rule of law.

Regulación de la implantología dental en México / Regulation of dental implantology in Mexico

Introducción: los implantes dentales se han convertido en uno de los tratamientos odontológicos con mayor demanda en todo el mundo, no sólo por el nivel máximo de funcionalidad y de estética, sino también debido a su estabilidad, osteointegración y facilidad en su rehabilitación. Es incierto si los implantes dentales se encuentran normados formalmente en México, lo que motiva a la revisión del estado actual. Objetivo: evidenciar el estado actual de la legislación de la práctica de la implantología dental en México a través de una revisión en la literatura. Material y métodos: revisión de las legislaciones existentes en México para la aplicación de implantes dentales y su contraparte en el mundo a través de la evaluación de normas expedidas en América y Europa. Resultados: se contabilizó un total de 17 escuelas de implantes dentales que cuentan con el reconocimiento de la Secretaría de Educación Pública, de las cuales tres son públicas y 14 privadas. Se presentó una discrepancia en los planes de estudio que va de 16 a 36 meses. Las escuelas no contaron con un aval normativo. Las normas internacionales para control de calidad y aplicación de la tecnología en implantes se ubicaron en Canadá, Estados Unidos, España, Reino Unido y Francia. Conclusiones: contar con un antecedente normativo establecido por los países de primer mundo y ausente en México permite evidenciar la necesidad de implementar una Norma Oficial Mexicana que regule la fabricación, distribución y almacenamiento de los implantes dentales en México. A la vez, la revisión sugiere que la Secretaría de Educación Pública norme los créditos mínimos necesarios en las instituciones educativas reconocidas para la formación de recursos humanos que ejercen la implantología dental (AU)

Introduction: dental implants have become one of the dental treatments with the highest demand in the world, not only because of the highest level of functionality and aesthetics, but also because of their stability, osseointegration and ease of rehabilitation. It is uncertain if dental implants are formally regulated in Mexico, which motivates the review of the current status. Objective: to demonstrate the current state of the legislation for the practice of dental implantology in Mexico through a review of the literature. Material and methods: review of the existing legislation in Mexico, for the application of dental implants and its counterpart in the world, through the evaluation of standards issued in America and Europe. Results: a total of 17 dental implant schools that have the recognition of the Ministry of Public Education were counted, of which 3 are public and 14 private. There was a discrepancy in the study plans that ranged from 16 to 36 months. Schools will not have regulatory backing. The international standards for quality control and application of technology in implants were located in Canada, the United States, Spain, the United Kingdom and France. Conclusions: having a normative antecedent established by the countries of the first world and absent in Mexico, allows to demonstrate the need for the implementation of an Official Mexican Standard, which regulates the manufacture, distribution and storage of dental implants in Mexico. At the same time, the review suggests that the Ministry of Public Education regulate the minimum necessary credits in recognized educational institutions, for the training of human resources that practice dental implantology (AU)

Marco jurídico de la prescripción médica en odontología / Legal framework of medical prescription in odontology

La receta médica es la materialización del acto médico a través de la cual el profesional de la salud prescribe a su paciente los fármacos necesarios para aliviar su enfermedad. Existen numerosas sustancias o fármacos que, por sus efectos, no pueden ser ofrecidas al público en general si no es mediante la expedición de una receta médica; por tanto, existen numerosas legislaciones y normas que regulan la prescripción médica con el objetivo de tener un control sobre los fármacos prescritos. A su vez, la receta médica debe tener una estructura específica, misma que está establecida por numerosas leyes y reglamentos sanitarios y que interesantemente es ignorada por múltiples médicos u odontólogos. El objetivo del presente artículo es definir el concepto de prescripción médica, así como indagar en todas las leyes y normas vigentes que regulan la prescripción médica en México (AU)

The medical prescription is the materialization of the medical act through which the health professional prescribes to his patient the necessary drugs to alleviate his illness There are numerous substances or drugs that, due to their effects, cannot be offered to the general public, except through the issuance of a medical prescription, and therefore, there are numerous laws that regulate the medical prescription with the aim of having control over prescribed drugs. In turn, the medical prescription must have a specific structure, which is established by numerous health laws and regulations, and which, interestingly enough, is ignored by many doctors and dentists. The aim of this article is to define the concept of medical prescription as well as to investigate all the current laws and regulations that regulate the medical prescription in Mexico (AU)

Consideraciones normativas y legales del expediente clínico electrónico en odontología / Normative and legal considerations of the electronic clinical record in odontology

La elaboración del expediente clínico es una actividad rutinaria dentro del consultorio dental, éste es la materialización del acto médico, a tra- vés del cual se registra el estado de salud inicial del paciente, así como toda la información relativa al tratamiento recibido. Desde hace algunos años comenzó a promocionarse el expediente clínico electrónico como una herramienta alternativa y novedosa para elaborar este importante documento; sin embargo, la implementación de esta herramienta electrónica no ha podido lograrse en México, dada la gran cantidad de dudas que los odontólogos tienen respecto al conjunto de leyes y normas que regulan al expediente clínico, lo cual genera renuencia por parte de los odontólogos para utilizar esta modalidad de expediente dentro de su consulta diaria. El objetivo del presente artículo es realizar una revisión de la literatura, así como de las leyes y normas vigentes que regulan el expediente clínico en México para esclarecer así la viabilidad de implementarlo dentro del consultorio dental

The preparation of the electronic medical record is a routine activity in the dental office, this is the materialization of the medical act, through which the initial health status of the patient is recorded, as well as all the information related to the received treatment. A few years ago, the electronic clinical record began to be promoted as a novel alternative tool to prepare this important document, however, the implementation of this electronic tool has not been achieved in Mexico, given the large number of doubts that dentists have regarding the set of laws thar regulate the clinical record, which generates reluctance on the part of dentists to use this record modality within their daily consultation. The aim of this article is to carry out a review of the literature, as well as the current laws that regulate the clinical record in Mexico, in order to clarify the feasibility of implementing it within the dental office

Aspectos bioéticos y legales del secreto profesional en odontología / Bioethical and legal aspects of the professional secret in dentistry

Deontology and bioethics regulate the professional actions of doctors and dentists from a human and moral point of view. The dentist collects private information from each of his patients during the interrogation or clinical examination, and it is the dentist's obligation to keep silent about everything he sees or hears during the dental practice about the private life of his patients. The disclosure of secrets without the full authorization of the patient could undoubtedly affect their person, honor and reputation. In addition, the dentist has another type of private information about patients, known as personal data, which must be handled with great care and discretion. Professional secrecy is an ethical obligation of every dentist and its omission may bring legal repercussions. The aim of this article is to analyze the concept of professional secrecy, its ethical, deontological and legal aspects in dental practice (AU)

La deontología y bioética norman el actuar profesional de los médicos y odontólogos desde el punto de vista humano y moral. El odontólogo recaba información privada de cada uno de sus pacientes durante el interrogatorio o la exploración clínica, y es obligación del odontólogo guardar silencio de todo aquello que ve o escucha durante la consulta sobre la vida privada de sus pacientes. La revelación de secretos sin la plena autorización del paciente, podría generar sin duda afectaciones a su persona, honorabilidad y reputación. Además, el odontólogo posee otro tipo de información privada sobre los pacientes, conocida como datos personales, mismos que debe manejar con mucha cautela y discre- ción. El secreto profesional es una obligación ética de todo odontólogo y su omisión puede traer consigo repercusiones legales. El objetivo de este artículo consiste en analizar el concepto de secreto profesional, sus aspectos deontológicos, bioéticos y legales en la práctica odontológica (AU)

La seguridad social: Un derecho y una obligación para el odontólogo y sus trabajadores / Social security: A right and obligation for the dentist and his workers

La seguridad social es un derecho encaminado a asegurar el bienestar de los ciudadanos que forman parte de una comunidad, y su objetivo principal es brindar a las personas aseguradas un conjunto de medidas públicas que ayuden a la protección de su salud por accidentes de trabajo o enfermedad laboral, desempleo, invalidez, vejez o muerte. De acuerdo con nuestra legislación, toda persona que preste servicios laborales a otro, tiene derecho a ser registrado ante el seguro social para que, en caso de accidente o enfermedad laboral, exista una ins- tancia que asista al trabajador afectado a recuperar su salud sin afectar su economía familiar. Es bastante frecuente que el odontólogo tenga trabajadores a su cargo, quien al fungir como patrón tiene obligaciones específicas ante el Instituto de Seguridad Social que de no cumplir, puede traer consigo sanciones y amonestaciones al profesional. El objetivo del presente artículo es informar al odontólogo sus derechos y obligaciones ante el seguro social mediante una revisión de las normas y leyes que lo imponen (AU)

Social security is a right aimed at ensuring the well-being of citizens who are part of community, and its main objective is to provide insured persons with a set of public measures that help protect their health, due to accidents at work and occupational disease, unemployment, disability, old age or death. In accordance with our legislation, any person who provides labor services to another has the right to registered with the social security so that, in the event of an accident or occupational disease, there is an instance that assists the affecter worker to recover his health without affecting his familiar economy. It is quite common for the dentist to have workers under his charge, who, acting as an employer, have specific obligations with the Social Security Institute, which, if not fulfilled, can bring sanctions and reprimands to the professional. The aim of this article is to inform dentists about their rights and obligations with the Social Security Institute through a review of the laws that impose it (AU)

Las negligencias más comunes en la práctica odontológica / The most common negligence in dental practice

Para el adecuado ejercicio de la odontología, los procedimientos realizados deben ejecutarse apegándose en todo momento a las normas y principios éticos propios de la profesión. Cuando un odontólogo decide, por voluntad propia, ejercer la profesión sin apegarse a dichos principios, se considera que actúa con negligencia. La negligencia se caracteriza por ser un acto indebido, en el cual el profesional ejecuta por voluntad propia acciones injustificables capaces de producir daños en la salud de los pacientes o en el pronóstico de un tratamiento. Los actos negligentes, además de atentar contra la integridad del paciente, ponen en riesgo a los profesionales de la salud que los cometen de sufrir consecuencias legales derivadas de dichos actos. El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en definir el concepto de negligencia, describir las formas más comunes en las que ésta se comete durante la consulta odontológica así como sus posibles consecuencias legales, ilustrándolas a su vez con la breve presentación de algunos casos (AU)

For the proper practice of dentistry, the procedures performed must be carried out adhering at all times to the standards and ethical principles of the profession. When a dentist voluntarily decides to practice the profession without adhering to these principles, he is considered to be acting negligently. Negligence is characterized as an improper act, in which the professional voluntarily executes unjustifiable actions capable of causing damage to the health of patients or the prognosis of a treatment. Negligent acts, in addition to threatening the integrity of the patient, put health professionals at risk who commit legal consequences derived from these acts. The aim of this article is to define the concept of negligence, to describe the most common ways in which it is committed during the dental practice as well as its legal consequences, illustrating them in turn with a brief presentation of some cases (AU)

Consideraciones legales sobre las notas de evolución en odontología / Legal considerations on medical charts in dentistry

El expediente clínico es considerado un documento de importancia médica y legal en donde se integran los datos necesarios para registrar el diagnóstico y los tratamientos realizados en cada paciente. Uno de los elementos más importantes dentro del expediente clínico son las notas de evolución, documentos con los que el odontólogo informa sobre el estado general del paciente y los tratamientos realizados cita tras cita. Existen legislaciones específicas en México que orientan al estomatólogo sobre los componentes mínimos necesarios que una nota de evolución debe tener; sin embargo, una de las omisiones más comunes de los odontólogos es que, por desconocimiento, no se dé la debida importancia a la elaboración de una adecuada nota de evolución, aumentando el riesgo de problemas legales. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar la importancia de las notas de evolución dentro del expediente clínico, destacando su importancia clínica y legal (AU)

The clinical file is considered a document of medical and legal importance where the data necessary to record the diagnosis and the treatments performed on each patient are integrated. One of the most important elements within the clinical records are the medical charts, documents through which de dentist reports on the general condition of the patient and the treatments performed appointment after appointment. There are specific laws in Mexico that guide the stomatologist on the minimum necessary components that a medical chart must have, however, one of the most common omissions of dentist is that, due to ignorance, due importance is not given to the preparation of an adequate medical chart, increasing the risk of legal problems. The aim of this article is to analyze the importance of the evolution charts within the clinical records, highlighting their clinical and legal importance (AU)

Professional legislation knowledge of dentists and psychological effects of negligence.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the extent to which a group of general dentists and specialists had knowledge of the professional laws and psychological effects of negligence on them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample in this cross-sectional study consisted of 400 dentists (General dentists and specialists) in Isfahan city, Iran. Having designed the questionnaire and confirmed its validity and reliability, we published online to be completed by the dentists. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA test. Optimal knowledge was determined to be 75%, and P-value<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: The majority of the dentists (75%) had poor and very poor knowledge. The mean score of knowledge (range: 0-21, maximum obtainable: 24) was 9.58 ± 4.5. Sixty dentists (15%) reported they had experienced negligence. Further, 278 (69.5%) reported they had somehow experienced the occurrence of malpractice during their practical experience. Legal negligence was more prevalent among the general dentists than specialists (17.8 VS 8%, p < 0.001). Regarding the legal complaint history, a significant difference was observed between the males and females (P = 0.015) and among different categories of work experience years (P = 0.000). Moreover, among those who had a history of a legal complaint, 96.7% showed psychological symptoms, 70% had physical symptoms, and 80% displayed social symptoms related to the stress following legal complaints. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study indicated that refining the knowledge of the rules and regulations of the dental profession should be enhanced by considering appropriate training courses in the curricula and continuous education programs. More than half of the participants considered themselves guilty of negligence in this regard.

Aspectos legales del consentimiento informado en odontología / Legal aspects of informed consent in dentistry

El consentimiento informado forma parte de los elementos que constituyen el expediente clínico. Por su importancia informativa sobre posibles riesgos y complicaciones inherentes al tratamiento a realizar, su elaboración resulta de vital importancia. Existen numerosas legislaciones y normatividades que regulan este notable documento; sin embargo, resulta alarmante que muchos profesionistas omiten su realización o lo elaboran erróneamente, poniéndolos en riesgo de sufrir problemas legales. Además, es una realidad que el consentimiento informado es un documento mal entendido por la mayoría de los profesionistas, pudiendo incurrir en numerosos errores por desconocimiento. El objetivo del presente artículo es informar al cirujano dentista sobre los verdaderos alcances del consentimiento informado con fundamento en la legislación vigente en México (AU)

Informed consent is part of the elements that make up the clinical record. Due to its informative importance on possible risks and complications inherent to the treatment to be carried out, its preparation is of vital importance. There are numerous laws and regulations that regulate this remarkable document, however, it is alarming that many professionals omit its elaboration or wrongly elaborate it, putting them at risk of suffering legal problems. In addition, it is a reality that informed consent is a document misunderstood by most professionals, and may incur numerous errors due to ignorance. The aim of this article is to inform the dental surgeon about the true scope of informed consent based on current legislation in Mexico (AU)

Odontología legal / Legal odontology

El odontólogo tiene especiales obligaciones y responsabilidades que se encuentran claramente descritas en nuestra legislación. Por desgracia, es una realidad que la odontología legal es un área que comúnmente no se incluye en el plan de estudios de la licenciatura en odontología, lo que produce, como consecuencia, que los odontólogos desconozcan en gran parte sus derechos y obligaciones ante el Estado y frente a sus pacientes. El objetivo del presente artículo es indagar sobre los tópicos más relevantes de odontología legal mediante una revisión de la literatura y de conformidad con las legislaciones vigentes en la República Mexicana (AU)

The dentist has specific obligations and responsobilities that are clearly described in our legislation, and unfortunately it is a reality, that legal odontology is an area that is not commonly included in the curriculum of the dental degree, which results in dentists largely unaware of their rights and obligations against the State and against their patients. The aim of this article is to investigate the most relevant topics of legal odontology through a review of the literature and in accordance with the laws in force in the Mexican Republic (AU)

Dental Legal Cases ­ Recent Judicial and Extrajudicial Legal Cases Concerning Dental Practice in Switzerland / Zahnärztliche Rechtsfälle. Neuere gerichtliche und aussergerichtliche Rechtsfälle im Rahmen der zahnärztlichen Berufstätigkeit in der Schweiz

Objective: In the following, legal cases under the Swiss legal system practice concerning dental practice in Switzerland in the fields of criminal, liability and administrative law of the last 20 years will be examined. The objective is to raise awareness of the legal consequences of dental malpractices on the basis of real cases and to make specific suggestions for improvement, which can ultimately contribute to improving the quality of dental practice. Methods: Relevant legal cases in the fields of criminal, liability and administrative law were collected with the help of electronic data bases and cantonal courts. Results: The results consist of nineteen court decisions, which in essence concern the withdrawal of professional licenses, prohibition from practice, bodily injury offenses and forgery of certificates. In fifteen of these nineteen cases, the dentist is found guilty by at least one court, in two of them the concerned is acquitted by all the courts mentioned, and in another two, the dentist is convicted for working without an appropriate license. Discussion: It amounts to the fact that dentists should be fully aware of the legal system and communicate transparently. Moreover, it would be appropriate for patients to stand up for their rights but not to take inappropriate legal action. Furthermore, the Swiss legal system could help to reduce the number of unlawfully issued professional licenses by establishing an intercantonal database.

Requisitos para la apertura de un consultorio odontológico en México / Requirements for the opening of a dental office in Mexico

La apertura de un consultorio privado es de interés para muchos profesionistas odontólogos. Más allá de las cuestiones económicas o de habilidad técnica, una limitante importante para llevarlo a cabo es el desconocimiento de los trámites administrativos necesarios para ello. Es común que muchos odontólogos se atrevan a mantener en uso un negocio que, la mayoría de las veces, no cumple con este tipo de aspectos, lo que conlleva a ser susceptible a diversas sanciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es enunciar y describir los requisitos básicos para la apertura de un consultorio de prestación de servicios profesionales odontológicos dentro del territorio mexicano. Posterior a una revisión de la legislación y normatividad vigentes en la República Mexicana, se enlistan los trámites realizados ante cuatro dependencias públicas: Servicio de Administración Tributaria (SAT), regulación sanitaria, protección civil y gobierno local. Cabe resaltar que esta información se ofrece bajo ciertas consideraciones, ya que puede existir variación de acuerdo con los lineamientos establecidos por los gobiernos locales de cada entidad federativa. Se concluye que dar cumplimiento con estos requisitos es el primer paso para el adecuado funcionamiento de nuestro negocio, lo cual ayuda a evitar las sanciones correspondientes y el desprestigio del consultorio (AU)

Opening a private dental offi ce is of interest for many dentists. Beyond economic issues or technical ability, an important limitation to carry this out is the unawareness of administrative procedures necessary for it. Commonly, many dentists dare to keep into the business despite not complying with all the necessary procedures, which makes them susceptible to administrative sanctions. The objective of this work is to enunciate and describe the basic requirements for opening a dental service offi ce within Mexican territory. After a review of current legislation and regulation in the Mexican Republic, the procedures performed in four public agencies are listed: The Tax Administration Service (SAT), health regulation, civil protection, and local government. It should be noted that this information is off ered under certain considerations, highlighting that data presented is done in a generic way, since this may vary according to guidelines from local government of each federative entity. It is concluded that compliance with these requirements is the fi rst step for the proper functioning of our business, which helps avoid the corresponding sanctions and disrepute of the private practice (AU)

[Wish fulfilling medicine and wish fulfilling dentistry: legal aspects]. / Wensgeneeskunde en wenstandheelkunde: juridische aspecten.

Wish fulfilling medicine (human enhancement (therapy)) concerns medical treatment without a direct medical need. In traditional medicine, a classical triad applies: 1. after investigation symptoms of illness lead to 2. a diagnosis, followed by 3. a proposal for treatment by the health care provider. In wish fulfilling medicine, the emphasis lies on patient's wishes. Wish fulfilling medicine concerns medical treatment, often at the request of the patient, and should be distinguished from shared decision-making,a form of communication seeking to meet the preferences of the patient and to actively involve the patient in his treatment. In the Netherlands, in accordance with the Healthcare Quality, Complaints and Disputes Act, health care providers have to offer good care at a good level, which is safe, effective, efficient and client-orientated, offered in a timely fashion and geared to the real needs of the client. Good care has to meet professional standards. In this way, fulfilling patients' wishes for treatment without a medical need can be restricted by law.

[The new law concerning complaints in practice]. / Het nieuwe klachtrecht in de praktijk.

Most patients who file a formal complaint against a dentist do so by way of the law concerning complaints. In 2017 the law concerning complaints was changed radically, with the intention of making the law easier for the patient to make use of and providing the patient with a financial settlement. This article considers the extent to which the possibility of being compensated has had the effect of encouraging patients to file claims in the case of the Royal Dutch Dental Association (KNMT), the complaints service with which most dentists are associated. The article also considers whether the new law has made the process of filing a complaint more readily accessible. Finally, if the law of complaints has become more appealing for patients to make use of, one could imagine that fewer cases would find their way to the disciplinary board. For that reason, the number of disciplinary complaints in 2017 is compared to the number for 2016.

Biobancos: os meus, os seus, os nossos / Biobanks: mine, yours, ours

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir aspectos conceituais, éticos e legais e também científicos e cooperativos dos acervos de materiais biológicos utilizados para pesquisa conhecidos como biobancos ou biorrepositórios humanos. Inicialmente são apresentados conceitos fundamentais sobre o tema, amplamente discutido internacional e nacionalmente e também aberta discussão sobre a presença destes acervos na Odontologia e nas Ciências Forenses, bem como sua situação em território nacional. O texto prossegue em três maiores blocos: O primeiro visa introduzir o leitor aos aspectos legais que cercam a temática dos biobancos e biorrepositórios, apresentando-o aos principais dispositivos que regulamentam o tema no Brasil. O segundo bloco aborda a importância do aspecto cooperativo e institucional que exercem os biobancos e biorrepositórios, expondo problemática existente acerca desse tema, mas evidenciando notoriamente os benefícios provenientes de uma postura receptiva dessas infraestruturas a pessoas externas. O terceiro e último bloco conecta o que foi anteriormente dito ao que é atualmente enfrentado cientificamente dentro da Odontologia Legal, referente à necessidade de uma maior variabilidade e número de amostras disponíveis ao pesquisador, que torne possível a este acompanhar e criar o dinamismo da evolução científica. Como conclusão, o artigo evidencia as vantagens e defende uma conduta receptiva a ser adotada pelos diferentes e variados centros e instituições de pesquisa que possuam biobancos ou biorrepositórios a pesquisadores como forma de elevar o nível científico produzido pela Odontologia Legal nacional.

The purpose of this article is to discuss conceptual, ethical and legal aspects, as well as scientific and cooperative aspects of the collections of biological materials used for research known as biobanks or human bio-repositories. Initially, fundamental concepts are presented on the subject, widely discussed internationally and nationally, and opens discussion about the presence of these collections within Dentistry and of Forensic Sciences, as well as their situation in national territory. The text aims to introduce the reader to the legal aspects that surround the biobanks and bio-repositories, presenting it to the main documents that regulate the subject in Brazil. The second section addresses the importance of the cooperative and institutional aspect of biobanks and bio-repositories, exposing existing problems on this topic, but highlighting the benefits of a receptive posture of these infrastructures to external people. The third and last section connects what was previously exposed to what is currently scientifically faced within Forensic Dentistry, referring to the need for a greater variability and number of samples available to the researcher, which makes it possible to follow up and create the dynamism of the scientific evolution. As a conclusion, the article highlights the advantages and advocates a receptive behavior to be adopted by different and varied research centers and institutions that have biobanks or bio-repositories to other researchers to raise the scientific level produced by national Forensic Dentistry.

A importância da participação do paciente para a manutenção da saúde periodontal ­ revisão de literatura / The importance of patient participation in periodontal health maintenance - literature review

As doenças gengivais e periodontais mais comuns e prevalentes são a gengivite e as periodontites, ambas têm como fator etiológico o biofilme dental periodontopatogênico, que é composto principalmente por bactérias. Alguns fatores de risco podem favorecer o aparecimento ou o agravo dessas doenças, podendo estar associado ao acúmulo/agregação do biofilme (fatores locais) ou a exacerbação do processo imuno-inflamatório (fatores sistêmicos), sendo de extrema importância a identificação dos mesmos para o devido controle destas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar, por meio de uma revisão da literatura, a importância da participação do paciente no sucesso do tratamento periodontal, considerando as obrigações entre as partes, referendadas nos estudos revisados, no Código de Ética Odontológica e no Código de Defesa do Consumidor. Os trabalhos, legislação e normativa revisados mostraram que o sucesso da terapia periodontal depende de uma adequada informação e conscientização do paciente por parte do profissional assistente, além da sua aceitação, compreensão e colaboração em relação ao tratamento que será executado, seguido por uma rigorosa terapia periodontal de suporte mediante à(s) sua(s) necessidade(s). A prática odontológica, portanto, deve ser alerta em tratamentos de Periodontia, por sua complexidade de contexto de informação, pelo compromisso paritário, sendo o cuidado ético e o conhecimento odontolegal fundamentais para uma prática clínica de baixo risco.

The most common and prevalent gingival and periodontal diseases are gingivitis and periodontitis, both of which have as their etiological factor the periodontal pathogenic dental biofilm, which is composed mainly of bacteria. Some risk factors may favor the appearance or aggravation of these diseases, and may be associated with accumulation / aggregation of the biofilm (local factors) or exacerbation of the immune-inflammatory process (systemic factors), being extremely important the identification of the same for the due to their control. The objective of this study was to analyze, through a review of the literature, the importance of patient participation in the success of periodontal treatment, considering the obligations between the parties, endorsed in the reviewed studies, the Code of Ethical Dentistry and the Code of Defense of the Consumer. The studies, legislation and regulations revised showed that the success of periodontal therapy depends on adequate information and awareness of the patient on the part of the assistant, as well as their acceptance, understanding and collaboration in relation to the treatment to be performed, followed by a rigorous therapy periodontal period of support through your need (s). Dental practice, therefore, should be alert in periodontal treatments, due to its complexity of information context, equal commitment, ethical care and odontolegal knowledge are fundamental to a low risk clinical practice.