The use of a Foley balloon catheter to control junctional hemorrhage in a dog with severe vascular injury secondary to penetrating trauma.

INTRODUCTION: Penetrating trauma is commonly seen in dogs. The severity depends on the site of injury and tissue involved. Junctional hemorrhage can be especially challenging to control given the inaccessibility of the damaged vasculature. Methods described to control life-threatening hemorrhage in dogs include direct pressure, hemostatic gauze, hemostatic powder or granules, wound packing, tourniquets, and direct clamping of the vasculature. Foley balloon catheters (FBC) are commonly used to tamponade deep vascular hemorrhage in people, but the technique has not been previously described in the veterinary literature. OBJECTIVE: To present a case of penetrating trauma (bite wound) in a dog with a transected left femoral artery and vein in which the life-threatening hemorrhage was initially controlled with tamponade using an FBC. CASE: A 7-year-old neutered male Terrier mix presented in hemorrhagic shock with an Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) of 7 and modifed Glasgow coma scale (MGCS) of 17 forty-five minutes after being attacked by another dog. The dog had sustained a deep penetrating wound to the left groin. Direct pressure and gauze packing at the site of injury were not successful at slowing the hemorrhage. A 10-Fr, 55-cm Foley catheter with a 5-mL balloon was inserted into the wound tract, and the balloon was inflated with 7.5 mL of sterile saline. Hemorrhage was controlled after inflation of the Foley balloon. CBC, blood biochemistries, abdominal point-of-care ultrasound, radiographs, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and whole blood viscoelastic testing were performed. Stabilization included fluid resuscitation, analgesics, antimicrobials, and epsilon aminocaproic acid. The dog was then anesthetized to definitively identify and control the hemorrhage. Transection of the left femoral artery and vein where identified and ligated. The dog fully recovered and was discharged 32 hours later. NEW AND UNIQUE INFORMATION: FBCs may be useful as an alternative technique for temporary control of life-threatening hemorrhage secondary to penetrating injuries in both the emergency department and prehospital settings.

Hemangiossarcoma ocular em um equino: relato de caso / Equine ocular hemangiosarcoma: case report

O hemangiossarcoma ocular na espécie equina é um tumor maligno, raro e agressivo, de origem vascular endotelial. No presente trabalho, descreve-se um caso de hemangiossarcoma ocular em uma égua de 10 anos que apresentava secreção serossanguinolenta advinda de uma massa, acometendo a conjuntiva bulbar e a terceira pálpebra do olho direito. O diagnóstico foi realizado com base na avaliação histopatológica e na imuno-histoquímica. Foi realizada a enucleação, assim como a completa excisão cirúrgica do tecido acometido, não sendo observada, após seis meses da terapia, a recidiva ou a metástase da lesão.

Equine ocular hemangiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor of vascular endothelial origin. We describe a case of ocular hemangiosarcoma in a 10-year-old mare with serosanguineous secretion arising from a mass involving the bulbar conjunctiva and third eyelid of the right eye. The diagnosis was based on histopathological evaluation and immunohistochemistry. Enucleation was performed as complete surgical excision of the affected tissue, with no recurrence or metastasis of the lesion being observed after six months of.

Surgical correction of an arteriovenous fistula in a ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta).

A 10-y-old ovariohysterectomized ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) was presented for exacerbation of respiratory signs. The lemur had a history of multiple examinations for various problems, including traumatic lacerations and recurrent perivulvar dermatitis. Examination revealed abnormal lung sounds and a femoral arteriovenous fistula with a palpable thrill and auscultable bruit in the right inguinal area. A diagnosis of congestive heart failure was made on the basis of exam findings, radiography, abdominal ultrasonography, and echocardiography. The lemur was maintained on furosemide until surgical ligation of the fistula was performed. Postoperative examination confirmed successful closure of the fistula and resolution of the signs of heart failure. Arteriovenous fistulas are abnormal connections between an artery and a vein that bypass the capillary bed. Large arteriovenous fistulas may result in decreased peripheral resistance and an increase in cardiac output with consequent cardiomegaly and high output heart failure. This lemur's high-flow arteriovenous fistula with secondary heart failure may have been iatrogenically induced during blood collection by prior femoral venipuncture. To our knowledge, this report is the first description of an arteriovenous fistula in a prosimian. Successful surgical correction of suspected iatrogenic femoral arteriovenous fistulas in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) and a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) have been reported previously. Arteriovenous fistula formation should be considered as a rare potential complication of venipuncture and as a treatable cause of congestive heart failure in lemurs.

Perreyia flavipes larvae toxicity / Toxicidade das larvas de Perreyia flavipes

Fresh or thawed Perreyia flavipes larvae were ground and mixed with water and orally ad ministered to sheep. At 5mg/kg, neither clinical nor enzymatic changes were observed. Unique do ses of 7.5 and 10mg/kg induced characteristic clinical signs of Perreyia sp. larvae poisoning, increased GGT and AST values, and decreased glycemic curves. However, doses of 5, 10, and 15mg/kg repeated at 30 or 15 days intervals caused no disease and mild disease followed by death, respectively. These fin dings indicate that these animals probably developed some degree of tolerance to the toxins in P. flavipes larvae. Ultrastru ctural examination of liver revealed proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the hepatocytes, which may be associated with an increased ability to metabolize toxins and could consequently lead to the tolerance observed in the present study. Further investigations may elucidate whether such tolerance effects could be applied as a control measure for P. flavipes poioning or other hepatotoxic diseases. In addition, clinicopathological findings were discussed.

Larvas frescas ou descongeladas de Perreyia flavipes foram moídas e misturadas com água e administradas de forma oral a ovinos. Com 5mg/kg, não foram observados achados clínicos ou enzimáticos. Doses únicas de 7,5 e 10mg/kg induziram a sinais clínicos característicos de intoxicação pelas larvas de Perreyia sp., os níveis de GGT e AST estavam aumentados e as curvas glicêmicas estavam diminuídas. Entretanto, doses de 5, 10 e 15mg/kg repetidas em intervalos de 30 ou 15 dias não causou doença ou causou doença discreta seguida de morte, respectivamente. Estes achados indicam que estes animais provavelmente desenvolveram algum grau de tolerância para as toxinas presentes nas lar-Larvas frescas ou descongeladas de Perreyia flavipes foram vas de P. flavipes. O exame ultraestrutural do fígado revelou moídas e misturadas com água e administradas de forma proliferação do retículo endoplasmático liso de hepatócioral a ovinos. Com 5mg/kg, não foram observados acha-tos, o que pode ser associado a um aumento na capacidade dos clínicos ou enzimáticos. Doses únicas de 7,5 e 10mg/ de metabolizar toxinas e conseqüentemente levar à tolekg induziram a sinais clínicos característicos de intoxicação rância observada no presente estudo. Outras investigações pelas larvas de Perreyia sp., os níveis de GGT e AST estavam poderão esclarecer se os efeitos de tal tolerância poderiam aumentados e as curvas glicêmicas estavam diminuídas. ser aplicados como medida de controle da intoxicação por Entretanto, doses de 5, 10 e 15mg/kg repetidas em interva-P. flavipes ou outras doenças hepatotóxicas. Além disso, os los de 30 ou 15 dias não causou doença ou causou doença resultados clínico-patológicos foram discutidos.