Effect of muscle energy techniques and facet joint mobilization on spinal curvature in patients with mechanical neck pain: A pilot study.

Neck is one of the most common site of musculoskeletal symptom manifestations. An impaired spinal curvature is a common finding in patients with mechanical neck pain. A pre-post quasi experimental pilot study was conducted at Fauji Foundation Hospital from January- March 2017,in which 12 patients with mechanical neck pain and straightening of the cervical spine were included and treated for 7 consecutive sessions consisting of muscle energy techniques (MET) in combination with facet joint mobilization. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of MET and facet joint mobilization on spinal curvature and functional outcomes in patients with neck pain. Outcome measurement tools that were included comprised of pain severity, neck disability index (NDI), cervical lordosis which was measured via x-ray based posterior tangential method, goniometry for cervical range of motion (ROM) and modified sphygmomanometer dynamometry (MSD) for isometric muscle strength. A significant difference was observed in pre and post treatment scores for all outcomes (p<0.05); demonstrating an effective combination therapy in terms of improved spinal curvature, pain, disability, ROM and isometric muscle strength.

Efficacy of the use of the McKenzie and Vojta methods to treat discopathy-associated syndromes in the pediatric population.

OBJECTIVES: This paper evaluates the efficacy of using the McKenzie and Vojta methods for patients with low back pain and the use of the DIERS Formetric 4D system as an objective diagnostic tool. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study enrolled 28 patients aged 15-17 years old. The patients were hospitalized at the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Swietokrzyskie Center for Pediatrics in Kielce with a diagnosis of back pain associated with a discopathy. The patients were rehabilitated according to the McKenzie and Vojta methods. Assessment by means of the DIERS Formetric system had taken place before the first therapy session and on the day that pain was eliminated to evaluate trunk inclination, angle of thoracic kyphosis, angle of lumbar lordosis, lateral deviation, trunk torsion, surface rotation and pelvic obliquity. Pain intensity and change in pain intensity over time were assessed by means of a numerical rating scale. RESULTS: Pain intensity was reduced to 0 over 3-12 days. The study participants demonstrated reduction in anterior trunk inclination of the mean value at 1.83°. The angle of thoracic kyphosis was also reduced by 7.95°. The angle of lordosis increased by 7.6°. The lateral spinal curvature was reduced by 8.92 mm. There was a reduction of 4.64° in trunk torsion. Surface rotation was reduced by 1.61° and pelvic obliquity was reduced by 3.78°. CONCLUSIONS: In discopathic patients, postural parameters comprising trunk inclination, angle of thoracic kyphosis, angle of lumbar lordosis, lateral deviation, trunk torsion, vertebral rotation and pelvic obliquity fail to reach Hartzmann's physiological reference ranges. A therapeutic intervention based on the Vojta and McKenzie methods may normalize the posture to physiological reference ranges and is effective in the treatment of patients with back pain. The DIERS system is an objective tool for tracing the effects of therapy in patients with back pain. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(1):33-41.

High-heeled walking decreases lumbar lordosis.

An estimated 78% of women regularly walk in high heels. However, up to 58% complain about low back pain, which is commonly thought to be caused by increased lumbar lordosis. However, the extent to which a subject's posture is modified by high-heeled shoes during dynamic activities remains unknown. Therefore, we sought to evaluate whether low- or high-heeled shoes influence the kinematics of the pelvis and the spine during walking. Twenty-three inexperienced women, and seventeen women experienced in wearing high-heeled shoes, all aged 20-55 years, were measured barefoot and while wearing low- (4cm) and high-heeled (10cm) shoes during gait at a self-selected speed. A 22-camera motion capture system was used to assess the gait patterns for each condition. No significant inter-experience-group kinematic differences were found. In contrast to the results of some studies, our results show that the heels' height does indeed influence the motion of the pelvis and the spine during walking, whereby low-heeled shoes influenced the subjects' trunk kinematics during gait less than high-heeled shoes compared to barefooted walking. However, inexperienced high-heel wearers showed less thoracic curvature angle while wearing high-heels than while wearing low-heels. Importantly, both groups exhibited significantly lower maximum and minimal lumbar and thoracic curvature angles when wearing high-heeled shoes compared to the barefoot condition. As a result, it seems that low back pain might be associated with other factors induced by high-heels.

Does rehabilitation of cervical lordosis influence sagittal cervical spine flexion extension kinematics in cervical spondylotic radiculopathy subjects?

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that improvement of cervical lordosis in cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) will improve cervical spine flexion and extension end range of motion kinematics in a population suffering from CSR. METHODS: Thirty chronic lower CSR patients with cervical lordosis < 25° were included. IRB approval and informed consent were obtained. Patients were assigned randomly into two equal groups, study (SG) and control (CG). Both groups received stretching exercises and infrared; the SG received 3-point bending cervical extension traction. Treatments were applied 3 × per week for 10 weeks, care was terminated and subjects were evaluated at 3 intervals: baseline, 30 visits, and 3-month follow-up. Radiographic neutral lateral cervical absolute rotation angle (ARA C2-C7) and cervical segmental (C2-C7 segments) rotational and translational flexion-extension kinematics analysis were measured for all patients at the three intervals. The outcome were analyzed using repeated measures one-way ANOVA. Tukey's post-hoc multiple comparisons was implemented when necessary. Pearson correlation between ARA and segmental translational and rotational displacements was determined. RESULTS: Both groups demonstrated statistically significant increases in segmental motion at the 10-week follow up; but only the SG group showed a statistically significant increase in cervical lordosis (p < 0.0001). At 3-month follow up, only the SG improvements in segmental rotation and translation were maintained. CONCLUSION: Improved lordosis in the study group was associated with significant improvement in the translational and rotational motions of the lower cervical spine. This finding provides objective evidence that cervical flexion/extension is partially dependent on the posture and sagittal curve orientation. These findings are in agreement with several other reports in the literature; whereas ours is the first post treatment analysis identifying this relationship.

Isometric Exercise for the Cervical Extensors Can Help Restore Physiological Lordosis and Reduce Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether isometric neck extension exercise restores physiological cervical lordosis and reduces pain. DESIGN: Sixty-five patients with loss of cervical lordosis were randomly assigned to exercise (27 women, 7 men; mean age, 32.82 ± 8.83 yrs) and control (26 women, 5 men; mean age, 33.48 ± 9.67 yrs) groups. Both groups received nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for 10 days. The exercise group received additional therapy as a home exercise program, which consisted of isometric neck extension for 3 mos. Neck pain severity and cervical lordosis were measured at baseline and at 3 mos after baseline. RESULTS: Compared with baseline levels, cervical lordosis angle was significantly improved in the exercise group (P < 0.001) but not in the control group (P = 0.371) at the end of 3 mos. Moreover, the exercise group was significantly superior to the control group considering the number of patients in whom cervical lordosis angle returned to physiological conditions (85.2% vs. 22.5%; P < 0.001). At the end of 3 mos, pain intensity was significantly reduced in both groups compared with baseline levels (for all, P < 0.001). Nevertheless, considering the change from baseline to month 3, the reduction in pain was about twice in the exercise group compared with the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Isometric neck extension exercise improves cervical lordosis and pain.

The effect of normalizing the sagittal cervical configuration on dizziness, neck pain, and cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility: a 1-year randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Cervicogenic dizziness is a disabling condition commonly associated with cervical dysfunction. Although the growing interest with the importance of normal sagittal configuration of cervical spine, the missing component in the management of cervicogenic dizziness might be altered structural alignment of the cervical spinal region itself. AIM: To investigate the immediate and long-term effects of a 1-year multimodal program, with the addition of cervical lordosis restoration and anterior head translation (AHT) correction, on the severity of dizziness, disability, cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility, and cervical pain in patients with cervicogenic dizziness. DESIGN: A randomized controlled study with a 1 year and 10 weeks' follow-up. SETTING: University research laboratory. POPULATION: Seventy-two patients (25 female) between 40 and 55 years with cervicogenic dizziness, a definite hypolordotic cervical spine and AHT posture were randomly assigned to the control or an experimental group. METHODS: Both groups received the multimodal program; additionally, the experimental group received the Denneroll™ cervical traction. Outcome measures included AHT distance, cervical lordosis, dizziness handicap inventory (DHI), severity of dizziness, dizziness frequency, head repositioning accuracy (HRA) and cervical pain. Measures were assessed at three time intervals: baseline, 10 weeks, and follow-up at 1 year and 10 weeks. RESULTS: Significant group × time effects at both the 10 week post treatment and the 1-year follow-up were identified favoring the experimental group for measures of cervical lordosis (P<0.0005) and anterior head translation (P<0.0005). At 10 weeks, the between group analysis showed equal improvements in dizziness outcome measures, pain intensity, and HRA; DHI scale (P=0.5), severity of dizziness (P=0.2), dizziness frequency (P=0.09), HRA (P=0.1) and neck pain (P=0.3). At 1-year follow-up, the between-group analysis identified statistically significant differences for all of the measured variables including anterior head translation (2.4 cm [-2.3;-1.8], P<0.0005), cervical lordosis (-14.4° [-11.6;-8.3], P<0.0005), dizziness handicap inventory (29.9 [-34.4;-29.9], P<0.0005), severity of dizziness (5.4 [-5.9;-4.9], P<0.0005), dizziness frequency (2.6 [-3.1;-2.5], P<0.0005), HRA for right rotation (2.8 [-3.9;-3.3], P<0.005), HRA for left rotation (3.1 [-3.5;-3.4, P<0.0005], neck pain (4.97 [-5.3;-4.3], P<0.0005); indicating greater improvements in the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of Denneroll™ cervical extension traction to a multimodal program positively affected pain, cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility, dizziness management outcomes at long-term follow-up. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Appropriate physical therapy rehabilitation for cervicogenic dizziness should include structural rehabilitation of the cervical spine (lordosis and head posture correction), as it might to lead greater and longer lasting improved function.

Addition of a Sagittal Cervical Posture Corrective Orthotic Device to a Multimodal Rehabilitation Program Improves Short- and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Discogenic Cervical Radiculopathy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the immediate and 1-year effects of a multimodal program, with cervical lordosis and anterior head translation (AHT) rehabilitation, on the intensity of pain, disability, and peripheral and central nervous system function in patients with discogenic cervical radiculopathy (CR). DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial with 1-year and 10-week follow-up. SETTING: University research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Patients (N=60; 27 men) with chronic discogenic CR, a defined hypolordotic cervical spine, and AHT posture were randomly assigned to a control group (n=30; mean age, 43.9±6.2y) or an intervention group (n=30; mean age, 41.5±3.7y). INTERVENTIONS: Both groups received the multimodal program; in addition, the intervention group received the Denneroll cervical traction device. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: AHT distance, cervical lordosis, arm pain intensity, neck pain intensity, and disability (Neck Disability Index [NDI]), dermatomal somatosensory evoked potentials (DSSEPs), and central somatosensory conduction time (N13-N20). Measures were assessed at 3 time intervals: baseline, 10 weeks, and 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: After 10 weeks of treatment, between-group analysis showed equal improvement in arm pain intensity (P=.40), neck pain intensity (P=.60), and latency of DSSEPs (P=.60) in both intervention and control groups. However, also at 10 weeks, there were significant differences between groups, favoring the intervention group for cervical lordosis (P<.0005), AHT distance (P<.0005), amplitude of DSSEPs (P<.0005), N13 to N20 conduction time (P<.0005), and NDI (P<.0005). Although at 1-year follow-up, between-group analysis identified a regression back to baseline values for the control group. Thus, all variables were significantly different, favoring the intervention group at 1-year follow-up: cervical lordosis (P<.0005), AHT distance (P<.0005), latency and amplitude of DSSEPs (P<.0005), N13 to N20 conduction time (P<.0005), intensity of neck and arm pain, and NDI (P<.0005). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of the Denneroll cervical orthotic device to a multimodal program positively affected discogenic CR outcomes at long-term follow-up. We speculate that improved cervical lordosis and reduced AHT contributed to our findings.

Postural adjustments in young ballet dancers compared to age matched controls.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to use photogrammetry to evaluate the posture of ballet practitioners compared to an age-matched control group. DESIGN: One hundred and eleven 7- to 24-year-old female volunteers were evaluated and were divided into two groups: the ballet practising group (n = 52) and the control group (n = 59), divided into three subgroups according to age and years of ballet experience. RESULTS: Dancers with 1-3 years experience compared to controls of the same age shows alterations in External Rotation Angle (P < 0.05). Dancers 4-9 years experience show alterations in Lumbar Lordosis, Pelvis Tilt Angle and Navicular Angle Right and Left (P < 0.05). Dancers with over 9 years experience show alterations in External Rotation and Navicular Angle Left (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Research shows there are differences between dancers and controls. In the groups 1-3 years and over 9 years of experience, the External Rotation Angle is greater. In the group 4-9 years of experience the Lumbar Lordosis Angle is greater and Pelvis Tilt, Navicular Angle Left and Right are smaller. In more than 9 years of ballet experience, the Navicular Angle Left is smaller.

Effects of selected forms of physical activity on body posture in the sagittal plane in women post breast cancer treatment.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer treatment may be a cause of postural disorders. OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the effects of various forms of physical activity on body posture in the sagittal plane in women post breast cancer treatment. STUDY GROUP: Sixty women who had received breast cancer treatment. The study group was intentionally divided into three groups of 20 women who followed different exercise regimens: NordicWalking (NW), water resistance exercise (WE) or general fitness exercise (GE). METHODS: Photogrammetric examination of body posture using a Computer-Based Body Posture Diagnostics apparatus performed at baseline and after an 8-week regimen of appropriately selected physical exercise. RESULTS: A favourable tendency for the shallowing of thoracic kyphosis and the reduction of lumbar cu rvature of the spine was noted in the NW group. Reduced kyphosis was also noted in the WE group, however it was accompanied by more pronounced lumbar lordosis and a tendency for excessive forward bending of the trunk. In the GE group, on the other hand, no significant differences were observed in terms of the shape of anteroposterior spinal curvatures. CONCLUSIONS: The diversity observed in the shape of anteroposterior spinal curvatures following physical training regimens of different type and nature demonstrates the need of appropriate exercise selection to attain the desired therapeutic outcome. Balanced postural changes were only identified among the women in the NW group. In the GE group, however, training only sustained the status existing prior to the initiation of the exercise regimen.

The effect of a mandibular advancement appliance on cervical lordosis in patients with TMD and cervical pain.

AIMS: A preliminary study to compare cervical lordosis by means of cervical cephalometric analysis, before and after six months of continuous mandibular advancement appliance (MAA) use, and to show how physical therapy posture re-education would improve the cervical lordosis angle. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-two female patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and cervical pain with lordosis <20° were included. Patients had to have a muscle pain history for at least six months, and with an intensity ⩾6, measured by means of a visual analog scale (a horizontal 0-10 numeric rating scale with 0 labeled as 'no pain' and 10 as 'worst imaginable pain'). Patients had to present the angle formed by the posterior tangents to C2 and C7 of equal or less than 20°. Cephalometric and clinical diagnostics were performed initially (baseline) and at the end of the study period (six months). During the third month with MAA treatment, a physical therapist evaluated the postural deficit and performed a program of postural re-education. Angular and linear dimension data presented a normal distribution (P>0·05; Shapiro Wilk Test), so the paired comparison of the cephalometric measurements was made by t-test for dependent samples. RESULTS: Angle 1 (OPT/7CVT); angle 3 (CVT/EVT) and angle 4 (2CL/7CL) showed a significant increase in the cervical lordosis. Angle 2 (MGP/OP), angle 5 (HOR/CVT) and the distances C0-C2 and Pt-VER, presented no significant changes. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in cervical lordosis implies that six months of continuous MAA use, together with a program of postural re-education, promotes the homeostasis of the craniocervical system.

The efficacy of lumbar extension traction for sagittal alignment in mechanical low back pain: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: There is growing interest in the role of abnormal asymmetrical posture, which is considered one of the most important etiological factors reported to be associated with mechanical low back pain. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of lumbar extension traction on the pain, function and whole spine sagittal balance as represented in lumbar curvature, thoracic curvature, C7 plumb line, and sacral slope. METHODS: Eighty patients with chronic mechanical low back pain (CMLBP) and definite hypolordosis were randomly assigned to traction or a control group. The control group (n=40) received stretching exercises and infrared radiation, whereas the traction group (n=40) received lumbar extension traction in addition to stretching exercises and infrared radiation three times a week for 10 weeks. Back pain rating scale, Oswestry Disability Index, and radiological spine sagittal balance parameters in terms of lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, sacral slope, and positioning of C7 plumb line were measured for all patients at three intervals (before treatment, after 10 weeks of treatment, and at six months follow-up). RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the traction and control groups adjusted to baseline value of outcome at 10 weeks post treatment with respect to lumbar lordotic curve (P=0.000), thoracic kyphosis (P=0.013), sacral slope (P=0.001), C7 plump line distance (p=0.001), while there was no significant difference with respect to pain (p=0.29) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) (p=0.1). At 6-months follow-up, there were significant differences between both groups for all the previous variables (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Lumbar extension traction in addition to stretching exercises and infrared radiation improved the spine sagittal balance parameters and decreased the pain and disability in CMLBP.

Lumbar lordosis rehabilitation for pain and lumbar segmental motion in chronic mechanical low back pain: a randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lumbar extension traction with stretching and infrared radiation compared with stretching and infrared radiation alone on the lumbar curve, pain, and intervertebral movements of patients with chronic mechanical low back pain (CMLBP). METHODS: This randomized clinical study with 3-month follow-up was completed at the Cairo University research laboratory. Eighty patients (age ranged from 40 to 50 years) with CMLBP and a hypolordotic lumbar spine were randomly assigned to traction or a comparison group. The comparison group (n = 40) received stretching exercises and infrared radiation, whereas the traction group (n = 40) received lumbar extension traction in addition to stretching exercises and infrared radiation. The absolute rotatory angle, intervertebral movements, and visual analog scale were measured for all patients at 3 intervals. RESULTS: The results revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups at 2 follow-up time points compared with the baseline values for the translational and sagittal rotational movements of L3-L4, L4-L5, L5-S1, and L2-L3 (posttreatment) and absolute rotatory angle (P < .01). There were no statistically significant changes in pain (P = .1 and .3) and L1-L2 (P = .072 and .076) or L2-L3 (at follow-up; P = .3), and there was no significant difference between all the previous variables adjusted to the groups' baseline outcome interaction (P > .01). CONCLUSION: Lumbar extension traction with stretching exercises and infrared radiation was superior to stretching exercises and infrared radiation alone for improving the sagittal lumbar curve, pain, and intervertebral movement in CMLBP.

Body posture of women after breast cancer treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Human body posture changes in the course of ontogenesis. The changes are brought about by both internal factors (illness) and external factors (injury). The negative consequences of a medical condition such as breast cancer, together with the treatment process, undoubtedly contribute to disturbance of body posture. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the type of body posture in women after treatment of breast cancer on the basis of anteroposterior spinal curves. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study involved a group of 51 (Group 1) women following treatment of breast cancer and a group of 37 healthy women (Group 2). The average age of the women in Group 1 was 61 years, and the average age of the healthy women was 58 years. All participants underwent a photogrammetric examination of body posture. Postural types were defined on the basis of the value of a compensation index (µ) as kyphotic, balanced, and lordotic. The following subtypes were distinguished within these three categories, depending on the shape of the spinal curves: kyphotic subtype I, II, III; balanced subtype I, II, III; and lordotic subtype I, II, III. RESULTS: The post-mastectomy group and the control group did not differ with regard to age (p=0.09), making it possible to continue the analysis of postural differences, which revealed significant differences at p=0.00008. In the group of women after treatment of breast cancer, 82.3% demonstrated a faulty body posture, compared to only 35.1% of the controls. There was no significant relationship between the quality of body posture and oncological treatment. CONCLUSION: A significantly higher incidence of faulty body postures was observed among women after treatment of breast cancer.

In healthy subjects, the sitting position can be used to validate the postural effects induced by wearing a lumbar lordosis brace.

AIM OF THE STUDY: To assess the validity of the sitting position when testing lumbar braces for the maintenance of lordosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve young adult subjects participated in the experiment, in which they were seated on force platform. The four experimental conditions (with or without a brace and with or without enforced lordosis) were chosen in order to distinguish between the roles played by lordosis and the brace, respectively. The trajectories of the centre of pressure (CP) were analyzed and compared, in order to assess postural orientation and stabilisation processes. RESULTS: Although no effect was seen in terms of orientation, our data showed that use of a lumbar brace led to a notable reduction in CP displacement along the mediolateral and anteroposterior axes. Lordosis barely affected postural performance and only an increase in the mean CP velocity was observed. Lastly, an analysis of variance failed to reveal an interaction between the "lordosis" and "brace" factors. CONCLUSION: A lumbar brace (in the absence or presence of lordosis) helps subjects to improve their sitting performance. In contrast to previous studies based on the standing posture, the fact that significant differences were found as a function of brace wear emphasises the discriminant power of the sitting position. This task should therefore be applied more widely in the development of more appropriate, validated equipment for lower back pain sufferers.

Clinical implications of alignment of upper and lower cervical spine.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The alignment of upper and lower cervical spine is presumed to be closely interrelated and the knowledge of this is mandatory when performing occipito-cervical and upper cervical fusions. The aim of this study was to establish standard values for upper and lower cervical spine alignment in the Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five hundred eighteen asymptomatic volunteers (261 males and 257 females) between 12 and 80 years of age underwent lateral radiography with their neck in the neutral position. Angles for occipital to 2nd cervical (Oc-C2), 1st to 2nd cervical (C1-C2) and sagittal alignment of 2nd to 7th cervical vertebrae (C2-C7) were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using a statistical package SPSS 10 for windows and the students 't' test. RESULTS: The mean Oc-C2, C1-C2 and C2--C7 angles were 14.66+9.5 degrees , 25.6+7.9 degrees and 16.8+12.7 degrees in male, while same angles in female were 15.59+8.26 degrees, 26.9+6.8 degrees and 9.11+10.4 degrees respectively. Weak statistically significant negative correlation was observed between the measured angles of the upper (Oc-C2 and C1-C2) and lower (C2-C7) cervical spines, which means if the lordosis of the occiput and upper cervical spine increases (if the Oc-C2 angle increases), the alignment of lower cervical spine becomes kyphotic and vice versa. This negative correlation was stronger between the Oc-C2 and C2-C7 angles than between the C1-C2 and C2-C7 angles. CONCLUSIONS: Relationship between alignment of the upper and the lower cervical spine should be taken into consideration when performing cervical fusion.

Impact of postural deformities and spinal mobility on quality of life in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of postural deformities and spinal mobility on quality of life (QOL) in patients with spinal osteoporosis. A total of 157 postmenopausal women aged over 60 years with osteoporosis were divided into five groups according to their postural deformities: round back (RB, n=41), hollow round back (HRB, n=33), whole kyphosis (WK, n=40), lower acute kyphosis (LAK, n=18), and normal posture (NP, n=25). QOL was evaluated using the Japanese Osteoporosis QOL Questionnaire (JOQOL) proposed by the Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research. This questionnaire contains six domains, with higher scores indicating higher levels of QOL. The number of vertebral fractures, thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angles, and spinal range of motion (ROM) during maximum flexion and extension were also measured with radiographs. Total QOL scores in RB, HRB, WK, and LAK groups were significantly lower than those in the NP group, and those in WK group were even lower compared with the other groups ( P<0.05). All the groups with postural deformities, but not the NP group, showed significant positive correlations between total QOL score and spinal ROM (0.521

Lateral cervical curve changes in patients receiving chiropractic care after a motor vehicle collision: a retrospective case series.

OBJECTIVE: To examine radiological changes of the lateral cervical curve in patients who received chiropractic care after motor vehicle collisions. DESIGN: A retrospective case series. Thirteen patients who had received chiropractic care after motor vehicle collisions were selected from a northeastern Washington chiropractic office. Patients had a lateral cervical radiograph taken prior to the initiation of chiropractic treatment and a comparative lateral cervical radiograph subsequent to a period of care. Cases were included if they met the previously stated criteria and if the radiographs were of sufficient quality to determine the lateral cervical curve from C2-C7. RESULTS: Adjustments rendered using an Activator Adjusting Instrument. Eleven of the subjects were also instructed to perform stretching exercises. Compared to the initial lateral cervical radiograph, the comparative radiographs demonstrated a mean increase in cervical lordosis between C2 and C7 of 6.4 degrees (SD = 8.2). The standard error estimate of the population was 2.3 degrees, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.4 degrees to 11.4 degrees. CONCLUSION: There was a mean increase in the cervical lordosis of 6.4 degrees (SD = 8.2). The standard error estimate of the population was 2.3 degrees, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.4 degrees to 11.4 degrees. We were not able to determine the individual effects of adjustment, stretching, and natural progression of the condition. The results suggest that further study of this phenomenon should be undertaken.

Increasing the cervical lordosis with chiropractic biophysics seated combined extension-compression and transverse load cervical traction with cervical manipulation: nonrandomized clinical control trial.

BACKGROUND: Cervical lordosis has been shown to be an important outcome of care; however, few conservative methods of rehabilitating sagittal cervical alignment have been reported. OBJECTIVE: To study whether a seated, retracted, extended, and compressed position would cause tension in the anterior cervical ligament, anterior disk, and muscle structures, and thereby restore cervical lordosis or increase the curvature in patients with loss of the cervical lordosis. STUDY DESIGN: Nonrandomized, prospective, clinical control trial. METHODS: Thirty preselected patients, after diagnostic screening for tolerance to cervical extension with compression, were treated for the first 3 weeks of care using cervical manipulation and a new type of cervical extension-compression traction (vertical weight applied to the subject's forehead in the sitting position with a transverse load at the area of kyphosis). Pretreatment and posttreatment Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain ratings were compared along with pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cervical radiographs analyzed with the posterior tangent method for changes in alignment. Results are compared to a control group of 33 subjects receiving no treatment and matched for age, sex, weight, height, and pain. RESULTS: Control subjects reported no change in VAS pain ratings and had no statistical significant change in segmental or global cervical alignment on comparative lateral cervical radiographs (difference in all angle mean values < 1.3 degrees ) repeated an average of 8.5 months later. For the traction group, VAS ratings were 4.1 pretreatment and 1.1 posttreatment. On comparative lateral cervical radiographs repeated after an average of 38 visits over 14.6 weeks, 10 angles and 2 distances showed statistically significant improvements, including anterior head weight bearing (mean improvement of 11 mm), Cobb angle at C2-C7 (mean improvement of -13.6 degrees ), and the angle of intersection of the posterior tangents at C2-C7 (mean improvement of 17.9 degrees ). Twenty-one (70%) of the treatment group subjects were followed for an additional 14 months; improvements in cervical lordosis and anterior weight bearing were maintained. CONCLUSIONS: Chiropractic biophysics (CBP) technique's extension-compression 2-way cervical traction combined with spinal manipulation decreased chronic neck pain intensity and improved cervical lordosis in 38 visits over 14.6 weeks, as indicated by increases in segmental and global cervical alignment. Anterior head weight-bearing was reduced by 11 mm; Cobb angles averaged an increase of 13 degrees to 14 degrees; and the angle of intersection of posterior tangents on C2 and C7 averaged 17.9 degrees of improvement.

[The KIL-system for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of posture in lateral view]. / Das KIL-Schema zur qualitativen und quantitativen Beurteilung der Körperhaltung im seitlichen Profil.

AIM: To register also minor variations of posture sa simple and economic procedure should be worked out to categorize posture types concerning quality as well quantity. METHOD: On the Image of the lateral body profile three reference points were determined which allow us to measure two distances and two angles. RESULTS: The relation of the two distances reflects the degree of kyphosis, the angles indicate on the one hand the inclination of the spinal sagittal configuration and on the other hand the degree of lordosis. The measured values are shown in the Kyphosis-Inclination-Lordosis system (KIL system). The components of measurement have proved successful also for static as well as for dynamic posture assessments. The method was simple and economic as postulated. CONCLUSION: The method allowed us to analyse reliably the effect of active primary Intervention also for minor variations in posture on pupils at the age of 11 to 15 over a period of three years. The quantitative analyse made it possible - contrarily to the usual postural types going by what Staffel said - to define subcategories and with it a precise selection of individuals who need a secondary intervention. The method has been set up for check-ups in school, but an application to other groups should be possible.