RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Carotenoids are a group of tetraterpenoid lipophilic pigments linked to depression, but studies on individual carotenoid components are lacking. We aimed to assess the association between each serum carotenoids and depressive symptoms in adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 7264 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Serum carotenoid levels (α-carotene, ß-carotene, ß-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein/zeaxanthin) were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Participants with a Patient Health Questionnaire score ≥ 10 were considered to have depressive symptoms. The association between each carotenoid and depressive symptoms was investigated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, restricted cubic spline, and weighted quantile sum regression models. RESULTS: The participants' average age was 46.0 (interquartile range: 34.0-60.0) years (50.9 % females), and 545 participants (7.5 %) were diagnosed with depressive symptoms. The logistic regression model demonstrated that high serum α-carotene, ß-carotene, ß-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin levels were associated with a lower likelihood of depressive symptoms. The restricted cubic spline model revealed that the significantly inverse relationships between serum carotenoid levels and the risk of depressive symptoms were nonlinear for α-carotene, ß-carotene, ß-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin and were linear for lycopene. The threshold effect analysis further identified the inflection points were 12.1, 35.7, 5.9, and 7.7 µg/dL for α-carotene, ß-carotene, ß-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin, respectively. The weighted quantile sum regression model revealed that ß-cryptoxanthin (35.2 %) and α-carotene (34.5 %) were the top-weighted carotenoids correlated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggested an association between higher levels of each serum carotenoids and a decreased risk of depressive symptoms in adults.
Assuntos
beta-Criptoxantina , Carotenoides , Depressão , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Zeaxantinas , Humanos , Feminino , Carotenoides/sangue , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Depressão/sangue , Depressão/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Zeaxantinas/sangue , beta-Criptoxantina/sangue , Luteína/sangue , beta Caroteno/sangue , Licopeno/sangue , Modelos LogísticosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Systemic inflammation and oxidation are primary contributors to the development of atherosclerosis. Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles within the vascular endothelium has been hypothesized to be an initial step in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, with inflammatory cytokines serving as the signaling mechanism for concomitant macrophage activation. Supplementation with the antioxidative macular xanthophylls (lutein [L], zeaxanthin [Z], and meso-zeaxanthin [MZ]) has been shown to aid in the reduction of inflammatory physiologic responses; therefore, we hypothesized that in our study population, supplementation with these xanthophylls would facilitate a systemic reduction in markers of inflammation and cardiovascular lipid oxidation. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this double-blind placebo-controlled supplementation study, participants were randomly allocated to receive the active intervention containing L (10 mg) + MZ (10 mg) + Z (2 mg) or placebo (containing sunflower oil). Serum concentrations of carotenoids (assessed by HPLC), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1ß, TNF-α) and oxidized LDL (OxLDL; by solid-phase sandwich ELISA) were measured at baseline and at 6-months. Results showed that over the supplementation period, compared to placebo, the active group demonstrated statistically significant increases in serum concentrations of L, Z, & MZ (p < 0.05), reductions in inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß (p < 0.001) and TNF-α (p = 0.003), as well as a corresponding reduction in serum OxLDL (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that L, Z, & MZ supplementation results in decreased serum IL-1ß, TNF-α, and OxLDL. This suggests that these carotenoids are acting systemically to attenuate oxidative lipid products and inflammation, thus reducing their contribution to atherosclerotic plaque formation.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Citocinas , Suplementos Nutricionais , Lipoproteínas LDL , Luteína , Estresse Oxidativo , Zeaxantinas , Humanos , Zeaxantinas/sangue , Zeaxantinas/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Biomarcadores/sangue , Luteína/sangue , Luteína/administração & dosagem , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Citocinas/sangue , Adulto , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Inflamação/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Interleucina-1beta/sangue , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Xantofilas/administração & dosagem , Xantofilas/sangue , Idoso , Interleucina-6/sangue , Aterosclerose/prevenção & controle , Aterosclerose/sangueRESUMO
Lutein (Lut) and zeaxanthin (Zeax) are found in the blood and are deposited in the retina (macular pigment). Both are found in the diet in free form and esterified with fatty acids. A high intake and/or status is associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases, especially eye diseases. There is a large global demand for Lut in the dietary supplement market, with marigold flowers being the main source, mainly as lutein esters. As the bioavailability of Lut from free or ester forms is controversial, our aim was to assess the bioavailability of Lut (free vs. ester) and visual contrast threshold (CT). Twenty-four healthy subjects (twelve women, twelve men), aged 20-35 and 50-65 years, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study to consume 6 mg lutein/day from marigold extract (free vs. ester) for two months. Blood samples were taken at baseline and after 15, 40, and 60 days in each period. Serum Lut and Zeax were analysed using HPLC, and dietary intake was determined with a 7-day food record at the beginning of each period. CT, with and without glare, was at 0 and 60 days at three levels of visual angle. Lut + Zeax intake at baseline was 1.9 mg/day, and serum lutein was 0.36 µmol/L. Serum lutein increased 2.4-fold on day 15 (up to 0.81 and 0.90 µmol/L with free and ester lutein, respectively) and was maintained until the end of the study. Serum Zeax increased 1.7-fold. There were no differences in serum Lut responses to free or ester lutein at any time point. CT responses to lutein supplementation (free vs. ester) were not different at any time point. CT correlated with Lut under glare conditions, and better correlations were obtained at low frequencies in the whole group due to the older group. The highest correlations occurred between CT at high frequency and with glare with serum Lut and Lut + Zeax. Only in the older group were inverse correlations found at baseline at a high frequency with L + Z and with Lut/cholesterol and at a low frequency with Lut/cholesterol. In conclusion, daily supplementation with Lut for 15 days significantly increases serum Lut in normolipemic adults to levels associated with a reduced risk of age-related eye disease regardless of the chemical form of lutein supplied. Longer supplementation, up to two months, does not significantly alter the concentration achieved but may contribute to an increase in macular pigment (a long-term marker of lutein status) and thus improve the effect on visual outcomes.
Assuntos
Disponibilidade Biológica , Luteína , Tagetes , Zeaxantinas , Humanos , Luteína/sangue , Luteína/administração & dosagem , Luteína/farmacocinética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Zeaxantinas/sangue , Zeaxantinas/administração & dosagem , Estudos Transversais , Tagetes/química , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Flores/química , Ésteres , Suplementos Nutricionais , Sensibilidades de ContrasteRESUMO
To describe the variability in carotenoid content of human milk (HM) in mothers of very to extremely low birth weight preterm infants throughout lactation and to explore the relationship between lutein in HM and the occurrence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants. We recruited healthy mothers along with their preterm infants that were born at gestational age 24 + 2 to 29 + 6 weeks or with a birth weight under 1500 g and were exclusively breastfed HM. Each participant provided up to 7 HM samples (2-10 ml) on day 0-3 and once a week until 6 weeks. Additionally, when possible, a blood sample was collected from the infant at week 6. Concentrations of the major carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-carotene, and lycopene) in all HM and blood samples were assessed and compared. Thirty-nine mother-infant dyads were included and 184 HM samples and 21 plasma samples were provided. Mean lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-carotene, and lycopene concentration decreased as lactation progressed, being at their highest in colostrum samples (156.9 vs. 66.9 vs. 363.9 vs. 426.8 ng/ml, respectively). Lycopene (41%) and beta-carotene (36%) were the predominant carotenoids in colostrum and up to 2 weeks post-delivery. Inversely, the proportion of lutein and zeaxanthin increased with lactation duration to account for 45% of the carotenoids in mature HM. Lutein accounted for 58% of the carotenoids in infant plasma and only 28% in HM. Lutein content of transition and mature HM did not differ between mothers of ROP and non-ROP infants.Conclusion Carotenoid content of HM was dynamic and varied between mothers and as lactation progressed. Infant plasma displayed a distinct distribution of carotenoids from HM.
Assuntos
Carotenoides , Leite Humano , Humanos , Leite Humano/química , Feminino , Carotenoides/análise , Carotenoides/sangue , Recém-Nascido , Adulto , Estudos Longitudinais , Retinopatia da Prematuridade/sangue , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Masculino , Lactação/metabolismo , Colostro/química , Aleitamento Materno , Luteína/análise , Luteína/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Carotenoids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were identified as essential components for eye health and are both naturally present in eggs. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the effect of the daily consumption of two eggs enriched with lutein/zeaxanthin and DHA on macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and on circulating xanthophyll and fatty acid concentrations in healthy participants. METHODS: Ninety-nine healthy volunteers consumed either two standard eggs or two enriched eggs per day for 4 months. MPOD was measured at baseline (V0) and at follow-up (V4) using a modified confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (primary outcome). Blood samples were collected to determine total plasma and lipoprotein fatty acids and lutein/zeaxanthin compositions at V0 and V4 (secondary outcomes). RESULTS: A slight but significant increase in MPOD was observed for all study participants consuming two eggs per day for 4 months at all eccentricities (0.5°, 1°, 2°, and 4°). Plasma and lipoprotein lutein, zeaxanthin, and DHA concentrations significantly increased in both groups but were greater in the enriched group (for the enriched group (V0 vs. V4): lutein, 167 vs. 369 ng/mL; zeaxanthin, 17.7 vs. 29.2 ng/mL; DHA, 1.89 vs. 2.56% of total fatty acids). Interestingly, lutein from high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was strongly correlated with MPOD at 0.5 and 1° eccentricities (rho = 0.385, p = 0.008, and rho = 0.461, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: MPOD was slightly increased in both groups. Lutein, zeaxanthin, and DHA plasma concentrations were strongly enhanced in the enriched group compared with the standard group. A significant correlation was found between MPOD level and lutein concentration in HDL.
Assuntos
Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/sangue , Alimentos Fortificados , Luteína/sangue , Pigmento Macular/sangue , Adulto , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Lipoproteínas/sangue , Masculino , Fenômenos Ópticos , Cooperação do Paciente , Xantofilas/sangue , Adulto Jovem , Zeaxantinas/sangueRESUMO
Lutein is mainly supplied by dietary fruit and vegetables, and they are commonly jointly assessed in observational and interventional studies. Lutein bioavailability and health benefits depend on the food matrix. This study aimed to assess the effect of dietary intervention with lutein-rich fruit or vegetables on lutein status markers, including serum and faecal concentrations (by high pressure liquid chromatography), dietary intake (24 h recalls ×3), and macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and contrast threshold (CT) as visual outcomes. Twenty-nine healthy normolipemic subjects, aged 45-65 y, consumed 1.8 mg lutein/day supplied from fruits (14 subjects, 500 g/day of oranges, kiwi and avocados) or vegetables (15 subjects, 180 g/day of green beans, pumpkin, and sweet corn) for four weeks. Serum lutein concentration increased by 37%. The effect of the food group intervention was statistically significant for serum lutein+zeaxanthin concentration (p = 0.049). Serum α- and ß-carotene were influenced by food type (p = 0.008 and p = 0.005, respectively), but not by time. Serum lutein/HDL-cholesterol level increased by 29% (total sample, p = 0.008). Lutein+zeaxanthin/HDL-cholesterol increased, and the intervention time and food group eaten had an effect (p = 0.024 and p = 0.010, respectively) which was higher in the vegetable group. The MPOD did not show variations, nor did it correlate with CT. According to correlation matrixes, serum lutein was mainly related to lutein+zeaxanthin expressed in relation to lipids, and MPOD with the vegetable group. In faecal samples, only lutein levels increased (p = 0.012). This study shows that a relatively low amount of lutein, supplied by fruit or vegetables, can have different responses in correlated status markers, and that a longer intervention period is needed to increase the MPOD. Therefore, further study with larger sample sizes is needed on the different responses in the lutein status markers and on food types and consumption patterns in the diet, and when lutein in a "pharmacological dose" is not taken to reduce a specific risk.
Assuntos
Fezes/química , Frutas/química , Luteína/sangue , Pigmento Macular/sangue , Verduras/química , Biomarcadores/sangue , Carotenoides/sangue , Dieta , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Componente Principal , Zeaxantinas/sangueRESUMO
There is emerging evidence linking fruit and vegetable consumption and cognitive function. However, studies focusing on the nutrients underlying this relationship are lacking. We aim to examine the association between plasma nutrients and cognition in a population at risk for cognitive decline with a suboptimal diet. The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) trial is a randomized controlled intervention that examines the effects of the MIND diet to prevent cognitive decline. The primary outcome is global cognition. A multivariate linear model was used to investigate the association between blood nutrients and global and/or domain-specific cognition. The model was adjusted for age, sex, education, study site, smoking status, cognitive activities and physical activities. High plasma α-carotene was associated with better global cognition. Participants in the highest tertile of plasma α-carotene had a higher global cognition z score of 0â 17 when compared with individuals in the lowest tertile (P 0â 002). Circulating α-carotene levels were also associated with higher semantic memory scores (P for trend 0â 007). Lutein and zeaxanthin (combined) was positively associated with higher semantic memory scores (P for trend 0â 009). Our study demonstrated that higher α-carotene levels in blood were associated with higher global cognition scores in a US population at risk for cognitive decline. The higher α-carotene levels in blood reflected greater intakes of fruits, other types of vegetables and lesser intakes of butter and margarine and meat. The higher circulating levels of lutein plus zeaxanthin reflected a dietary pattern with high intakes of fruits, green leafy, other vegetables and cheese, and low consumption of fried foods. Objective nutrient markers in the blood can better characterize dietary intake, which may facilitate the implementation of a tailored dietary intervention for the prevention of cognitive decline.
Assuntos
Carotenoides/sangue , Cognição , Dieta Mediterrânea , Luteína/sangue , Zeaxantinas/sangue , Abordagens Dietéticas para Conter a Hipertensão , Humanos , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/prevenção & controle , VerdurasRESUMO
Lutein and zeaxanthin may lower the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We evaluated the associations of plasma lutein and zeaxanthin with the incidence of advanced AMD in the Alienor study (Antioxydants Lipides Essentiels Nutrition et Maladies Oculaires). Alienor study is a prospective population-based cohort of 963 residents of Bordeaux, France, who were 73 years or older at baseline (2006-2008). The present study included 609 participants with complete ophthalmologic and plasma carotenoids data. Examinations were performed every two years over an eight-year period (2006 to 2017). Plasma lutein and zeaxanthin were determined at baseline from fasting blood samples using high-performance liquid chromatography. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess associations between plasma lutein, zeaxanthin, and their (total cholesterol (TC) + triglycerides (TG)) ratios with AMD. Among the 609 included participants, 54 developed advanced incident AMD during a median follow-up time of 7.6 years (range 0.7 to 10.4). Participants with higher plasma lutein had a reduced risk for incident advanced AMD in the fully adjusted model (HR = 0.63 per 1-SD increase (95% CI, 0.41-0.97), p = 0.03). A similar association was observed using the lutein/(TC + TG) ratio (HR = 0.59 (95% CI, 0.39-0.90), p = 0.01). No associations were evidenced for other carotenoids. Higher plasma lutein was associated with a 37% reduced risk of incident advanced AMD.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Luteína/sangue , Degeneração Macular/sangue , Degeneração Macular/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carotenoides/sangue , Colesterol/sangue , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , França , Humanos , Incidência , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Triglicerídeos , Zeaxantinas/sangueRESUMO
Consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in carotenoids has been widely reported to prevent cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between serum carotenoid concentrations and visceral fat area (VFA), which is considered a better predictor of cardiovascular diseases than the body-mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the relationship in healthy individuals in their 20s or older, stratified by sex and age, to compare the relationship between serum carotenoid concentrations and VFA and BMI. The study was conducted on 805 people, the residents in Hirosaki city, Aomori prefecture, who underwent a health checkup. An inverse relationship between serum carotenoid concentrations and VFA and BMI was observed only in women. In addition, the results were independent of the intake of dietary fiber, which is mainly supplied from vegetables as well as carotenoids. This suggests that consumption of a diet rich in carotenoids (especially lutein and beta-carotene) is associated with lower VFA, which is a good predictor of cardiovascular disease, especially in women. This study is the first to comprehensively evaluate the association between serum carotenoid levels and VFA in healthy individuals.
Assuntos
Carotenoides/sangue , Dieta , Gordura Intra-Abdominal , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Fibras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Frutas , Humanos , Luteína/sangue , Licopeno/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Alimentos de Soja , Verduras , Adulto Jovem , beta Caroteno/sangueRESUMO
It is well-known that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) may cause adverse health impacts. However, there are few investigations assessing the association between PAH exposure and the nutritional status of the general population. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to assess the correlation between PAH metabolites and nutritional biomarkers in the U.S. general population. From the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 4,545 eligible participants were included in this cross-sectional study. To assess PAH exposure, ten urinary PAH metabolites were measured. Eleven serum nutritional biomarkers including carotenoids and vitamins were measured. The association between PAH metabolites and serum nutritional biomarkers was investigated using multivariate linear regression models. Increased 2-hydroxyfluorene was inversely correlated with elven serum nutritional biomarkers: α-carotene (ß = -0.529, p < 0.001), ß-cryptoxanthin (ß = -0.968, p < 0.001), cis-ß carotene (ß = -0.149, p < 0.001), lutein and zeaxanthin (ß = -1.188, p < 0.001), retinyl palmitate (ß = -0.145, p < 0.001), retinyl stearate (ß = -0.025, p = 0.006), total lycopene (ß = -1.074, p < 0.001), trans-ß carotene (ß = -2.268, p < 0.001), trans-lycopene (ß = -0.466, p < 0.003), retinol (ß = -0.694, p = 0.004) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (ß = -1.247, p = 0.007). Increased 3-hydroxyfluorene was inversely correlated with eleven serum nutritional biomarkers: α-carotene (ß = -0.740, p < 0.001), ß-cryptoxanthin (ß = -1.377, p < 0.001), cis-ß carotene (ß = -0.205, p < 0.001), lutein and zeaxanthin (ß = -1.521, p < 0.001), retinyl palmitate (ß = -0.209, p < 0.001), retinyl stearate (ß = -0.034, p = 0.014), total lycopene (ß = -1.20, p = 0.007), trans-ß carotene (ß = -3.185, p < 0.001), trans-lycopene (ß = -0.490, p = 0.039), retinol (ß = -1.366, p < 0.001) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (ß = -2.483, p < 0.001). Increased 1-hydroxypyrene was inversely correlated with eight serum nutritional biomarkers: α-carotene (ß = -0.601, p = 0.001), ß-cryptoxanthin (ß = -1.071, p = 0.001), cis-ß carotene (ß = -0.170, p = 0.001), lutein and zeaxanthin (ß = -1.074, p < 0.001), retinyl palmitate (ß = -0.214, p = 0.005), retinyl stearate (ß = -0.041, p = 0.043), total lycopene (ß = -1.664, p = 0.011) and retinol (ß = -1.381, p = 0.011). These results demonstrate that PAH exposure is significantly correlated with decreased levels of serum nutritional biomarkers.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/urina , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carotenoides/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Diterpenos/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Luteína/sangue , Licopeno/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/metabolismo , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidade , Ésteres de Retinil/sangue , Vitamina A/sangue , Zeaxantinas/sangue , beta Caroteno/sangueRESUMO
Aiming to enhance therapeutic efficiency of lutein, lutein loaded chitosan-sodium alginate (CS-SA) based nanocarrier system (LNCs) were prepared and evaluated for lutein bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in diabetic rats in comparison to micellar lutein (control). Further, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and protective activity against H2O2 induced oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cells were studied. Results revealed that LNCs displayed maximal lutein AUC in plasma, liver and eye respectively in normal (3.1, 2.7 and 5.2 folds) and diabetic (7.3, 3.4 and 2.8 folds) rats. Lutein from LNCs exhibited a higher half-life time, mean residence time and slow clearance from the plasma, indicating prolonged circulation compared to control. In ARPE-19 cells, pre-treatment with LNCs (10 µM) have significantly attenuated H2O2 induced cell death, intracellular ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential compared to control. In conclusion, LNCs improve the lutein bioavailability in conditions like diabetes, diabetic retinopathy and cataract to curtail oxidative stress in retinal cells.
Assuntos
Alginatos/química , Quitosana/química , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Ácidos Graxos/química , Absorção Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Luteína/administração & dosagem , Luteína/farmacocinética , Nanopartículas/química , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Substâncias Protetoras/administração & dosagem , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Linhagem Celular , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Luteína/sangue , Masculino , Micelas , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/metabolismoRESUMO
This study aims to assess the validity and reproducibility of a culture-specific semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Lebanese adults. The 94-item FFQ captures intake of traditional Mediterranean dishes and Western food, reflective of current Lebanese nutrition transition. Among 107 participants (18-65 years), the FFQ was administered at baseline (FFQ-1) and one year thereafter (FFQ-2); 2-3 24-h recalls (24-HRs)/season were collected for a total of 8-12 over four seasons. A subset (n = 67) provided a fasting blood sample in the fall. Spearman-correlation coefficients, Bland-Altman plots, joint-classification and (ICC) were calculated. Mean intakes from FFQ-2 were higher than from the total 24-HRs. Correlations for diet from FFQ-2 and 24-HRs ranged from 0.17 for α-carotene to 0.65 for energy. Joint classification in the same/adjacent quartile ranged from 74.8% to 95%. FFQ-2-plasma carotenoid correlations ranged from 0.18 for lutein/zeaxanthin to 0.59 for ß-carotene. Intra-class correlations for FFQ-1 and FFQ-2 ranged from 0.36 for ß-cryptoxanthin to 0.85 for energy. 24-HRs carotenoid intake varied by season; combining season-specific 24-HRs proximal to biospecimen collection to the FFQ-2 improved diet-biochemical correlations. By applying dietary data from two tools with biomarkers taking into consideration seasonal variation, we report a valid, reproducible Lebanese FFQ for use in diet-disease research.
Assuntos
Inquéritos sobre Dietas/normas , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Carotenoides/sangue , Registros de Dieta , Ingestão de Energia , Jejum/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Líbano , Luteína/sangue , Masculino , Rememoração Mental , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Nutricional , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Adulto Jovem , Zeaxantinas/sangue , beta Caroteno/sangueRESUMO
Improvements in macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and contrast sensitivity after administration of 12 mg lutein alone and the timing at which efficacy is observed remain unknown. Therefore, lutein (12 mg), a crystalline formulation, was used in this study, considering its bioaccessibility. This study aimed to determine the effects of lutein administration for 16 weeks on MPOD, contrast sensitivity, and glare sensitivity, and changes in serum lutein levels were determined. The study subjects comprised 59 healthy male and female adults aged 20-69 years. The study diet included a placebo (placebo group) or a diet supplemented with 12 mg of lutein (lutein group). Each study diet was continuously administered for 16 weeks. At weeks 8 and 16, MPOD, contrast sensitivity, glare sensitivity, and serum lutein levels were evaluated. Compared with the placebo group, the lutein group showed significantly improved MPOD, contrast sensitivity, and glare sensitivity at week 16 and significantly increased serum lutein levels at weeks 8 and 16. Continuous administration of lutein for 16 weeks, considering its bioaccessibility, increased MPOD; it made the outlines of visible objects clearer and was effective in inhibiting decreases in visual function caused by glare from light.
Assuntos
Sensibilidades de Contraste/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Luteína/sangue , Luteína/farmacocinética , Pigmento Macular/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Disponibilidade Biológica , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Ofuscação , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Degeneração Macular/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Acuidade Visual , Adulto JovemRESUMO
SCOPE: The specific effect of the food matrix structure on fat-soluble micronutrient bioavailability is only partly understood. Evaluating fat-soluble micronutrient bioavailability after consumption of foods displaying similar composition but different structure is aimed at. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twelve healthy subjects are enrolled in a randomized, open label, crossover postprandial trial. Four different model foods are tested: custard, pudding, sponge cake, and biscuit. Vitamin D3 , lutein, and triglyceride chylomicron responses, evaluated as postprandial areas under the curve, are then assayed. Custard triglyceride response is higher than pudding and biscuit responses (up to +122.7%, p < 0.0001). Sponge cake vitamin D3 response is higher than biscuit response (+26.6%, p = 0.047). No difference between the model foods are observed regarding lutein responses. Triglyceride responses peak at 3 h for all conditions, while vitamin D3 and lutein peaks are delayed by 1 h with the biscuit matrix compared to other model foods. CONCLUSION: Food structure can significantly impact on triglyceride and vitamin D3 bioavailability in terms of absorbed amounts and/or maximum absorption time. The data highlight positive correlations between triglyceride, vitamin D, and lutein nutrient responses. These results are of particular interest to develop functional foods for population subgroups such as the elderly.
Assuntos
Alimentos , Luteína/farmacocinética , Triglicerídeos/farmacocinética , Vitamina D/farmacocinética , Disponibilidade Biológica , Culinária , Humanos , Luteína/sangue , Masculino , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Vitamina D/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Purpose: To compare the change in serum carotenoids, macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and visual function with the intake of two commercially available nutritional supplements. Methods: Participants were given a 24-week supply of a lipid-based micronized liquid medical food, Lumega-Z™ (LM), containing 28 mg of the macular carotenoids lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z) and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ), or given PreserVision™ AREDS 2 Formula (gel-caps; PV) containing 12 mg of the macular carotenoids L and Z, but no reported MZ. Serum levels of L, Z and MZ were obtained at baseline and after 12 weeks. Macular pigment optical densities (MPOD) and visual function were assessed at baseline and after 24 weeks. Results: Average blood serum concentrations of L, Z and MZ in the two groups at baseline were similar. The increases in L, Z and MZ were 0.434, 0.063 and 0.086 mol/L vs. 0.100, 0.043 and 0.001 mol/L, respectively, in the LM vs. PV group. From baseline to week 24, average MPOD in the LM-group increased by 0.064 from 0.418 to 0.482, whereas in the PV-group, it was essentially unchanged (0.461 to 0.459;). Although log-contrast sensitivity was improved in all groups under three conditions (photopic, mesopic and mesopic with glare), the change in log-contrast sensitivity was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Despite only a 2.3-fold higher carotenoid concentration than PV, LM supplementation provides approximately 3-4-fold higher absorption, which leads to a significant elevation of MPOD levels.
Assuntos
Carotenoides/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , Luteína/administração & dosagem , Pigmento Macular/metabolismo , Visão Ocular/efeitos dos fármacos , Visão Ocular/fisiologia , Acuidade Visual/efeitos dos fármacos , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Zeaxantinas/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Carotenoides/análise , Carotenoides/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Luteína/sangue , Luteína/farmacologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recomendações Nutricionais , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem , Zeaxantinas/sangue , Zeaxantinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
This prospective randomized double-masked study investigated the effects of 20 mg lutein supplementation with two different capsules (beeswax or glycerol fatty acid esters) for 6 months on the fellow eyes of 39 Japanese patients with unilateral age-related macular degeneration, and assessed the factors associated with baseline plasma lutein concentration via lifestyle interviews. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD), determined with the two-wavelength autofluorescence method, increased over time in the beeswax group (ANOVA, p = 0.0451), although the increase from 3 months to 6 months was only marginally significant. No significant increase was observed in the glycerol fatty acid esters group (ANOVA, p = 0.7396). Plasma lutein concentrations significantly increased at 3 and 6 months from baseline in both groups (both p < 0.01). In a multiple regression model, age was negatively associated with higher plasma lutein concentration (p = 0.0305), while consumption of green vegetables was positively associated with baseline plasma lutein concentration (p = 0.0322). In conclusion, a significant increase in MPOD was not fully confirmed with 6 months intake duration despite a significant increase in plasma lutein concentrations. Consumption of green vegetable was confirmed to be associated with plasma lutein concentration after adjusting for other potential factors including age.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Luteína/administração & dosagem , Luteína/sangue , Degeneração Macular/fisiopatologia , Pigmento Macular , Verduras , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Dieta , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Degeneração Macular/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of central obesity is constantly increasing, and visceral fat is associated with increased production of inflammatory factors and metabolic risk factors. Lutein might retard the development of metabolic disease through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have associated higher dietary intake and serum levels of lutein with decreased adiposity. However, few randomised controlled trials have shown the effects of lutein supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and metabolic risk factors, especially in adults with central obesity. METHODS: This study will be conducted as a double-blind, parallel placebo-controlled clinical trial in which 120 people who have central obesity, are 18 to 60 years old and are willing to provide informed consent will be randomly assigned to the intervention or placebo group in a 1:1 ratio according to sex, age and waist circumference. The intervention group will receive 10 mg daily lutein supplementation for 12 weeks to explore the effect of lutein supplementation on serum lutein, glycaemic and lipid profiles, inflammatory factors and body composition. Two populations (intention-to-treat population and per-protocol population) will be used in the data analyses. DISCUSSION: Our findings from this trial will contribute to the knowledge of the association between lutein supplementation and inflammatory biomarkers and metabolic risk factors in people with central obesity and will offer a possibility for the prevention of inflammatory diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1800018098. Registered on 30 August 2018.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Inflamação/diagnóstico , Luteína/administração & dosagem , Obesidade Abdominal/dietoterapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/análise , Glicemia/metabolismo , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/imunologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Luteína/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade Abdominal/sangue , Obesidade Abdominal/imunologia , Obesidade Abdominal/metabolismo , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Circunferência da Cintura , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Lutein and zeaxanthin play important roles in visual functions, but their influence on early visual development is unclear. We related maternal lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations during pregnancy to offspring visual acuity (VA) in 471 mother-child pairs from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort. Maternal concentrations of plasma lutein and zeaxanthin were determined at delivery. We measured uncorrected distance of VA in 3-year old children using a LEA Symbols chart; readings were converted to the logarithm of Minimum Angle of Resolution (logMAR), with >0.3 logMAR indicating poor VA. Associations were examined using linear or Poisson regression adjusted for confounders. The median (inter-quartile range) of maternal lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations were 0.13 (0.09, 0.18) and 0.09 (0.07, 0.12) µmol/L, respectively. A total of 126 children had poor VA. The highest tertile of maternal zeaxanthin concentration was associated with 38% lower likelihood of poor VA in children (95% CI: 0.42, 0.93, p-Trends = 0.02). Higher maternal lutein concentrations were associated with a lower likelihood of poor VA in children (RR 0.60 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.88) for middle tertile; RR 0.78 (95% CI: 0.51, 1.19) for highest tertile (p-Quadratic = 0.02)). In conclusion, lutein and zeaxanthin status during pregnancy may influence offspring early visual development; but the results require confirmation with further studies, including more comprehensive measurements of macular functions.
Assuntos
Luteína/sangue , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Materna , Complicações na Gravidez/sangue , Acuidade Visual , Zeaxantinas/sangue , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Luteína/deficiência , Masculino , Testes para Triagem do Soro Materno , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/etiologia , Singapura , Transtornos da Visão/etiologia , Zeaxantinas/deficiênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Excess adiposity increases risk for cognitive impairment. Consumption of avocado, a highly bioavailable source of the xanthophyll lutein, has been shown to improve retinal lutein accumulation and cognitive function. Thus, we evaluated the influence of avocado consumption on cognitive function and lutein status among adults with overweight and obesity using a randomized-controlled trial with matching design for pertinent study outcomes. METHODS: A cohort of 84 adults (25-45 years, 31 males) were randomized to a treatment group (N = 47) that received a 12-week daily meal with fresh Hass avocado or a control group (N = 37) that received an isocaloric meal (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02740439). Serum lutein and macular pigment optical density (MPOD) were used to assess xanthophyll status. Attention and inhibition were assessed using the Flanker, Oddball and Nogo tasks with accompanying electroencephalographic (EEG) recording. RESULTS: Participants in the treatment group exhibited improvements in serum lutein and accuracy in the Flanker task. However, there were no relationships between performance and changes in lutein status, nor neuroelectric variables. No significant changes in MPOD were observed. CONCLUSION: Daily avocado intake over 12 weeks, after controlling for covariates, improved attentional inhibition and increased serum lutein concentrations among adults with overweight and obesity. However, the cognitive benefits were independent of changes in lutein concentrations. Additional work is necessary to determine non-carotenoid, or carotenoid interactive, mechanisms by which avocados may influence cognitive function.
Assuntos
Atenção/fisiologia , Potenciais Evocados/fisiologia , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Inibição Psicológica , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Persea , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Adulto , Eletroencefalografia , Potenciais Evocados P300/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Luteína/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Resultado do Tratamento , Xantofilas/metabolismoRESUMO
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) and to identify associated factors in an elderly population. Methods: The participants of the population-based Montrachet study underwent an exhaustive ophthalmologic examination, including color fundus photography and macular spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), coupled with infrared reflectance imaging. The presence of SDD and other age-related macular degeneration lesions, according to the European Eye Epidemiology SD-OCT classification of macular diseases, and subfoveal choroidal thickness were recorded. Moreover, the association of SDD and both clinical and demographic factors as well as plasma levels of vitamin E and lutein/zeaxanthin (L/Z) were analyzed. Results: The mean age of patients was 82.3 ± 3.8 years and 62.7% were female. The prevalence of SDD was 18.1% (n = 205) in the subjects with at least one eye interpretable (n = 1135). In multivariate analysis, SDD was positively associated with increasing age (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 2.8-7.7; P < 0.001 for subjects aged >85 years), female sex (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.4; P = 0.005), and plasma L/Z level (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.5; P = 0.039), and negatively associated with lipid-lowering drugs use (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.9; P = 0.014 for statin medications) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7-0.9; P = 0.002). Conclusions: The prevalence of SDD was high in subjects older than 75 years, more frequent in women, and was associated with a thinner choroid. The association with lipid-lowering drugs deserves further investigation.