RESUMO
PURPOSE: Patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) have disparate outcomes. Newer therapies have emerged since the development of International Prognostic Scoring System, and MYD88L265P mutation is now frequently assessed at diagnosis, warranting reexamination of the prognostic parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed records of 889 treatment-naïve patients with active WM, consecutively seen between January 01, 1996, and December 31, 2017, to identify clinical predictors of overall survival (OS) in univariate analyses. Patients with complete data for the parameters significant on the univariate analyses (n = 341) were included in a multivariable analysis to derive a prognostic model, subsequently validated in a multi-institutional cohort. RESULTS: In the derivation cohort (n = 341), age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.9 [95% CI, 1.2 to 2.1]; P = .0009), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) above upper limit of normal (HR, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.3 to 4.5]; P = .007), and serum albumin <3.5 g/dL (HR, 1.5 [95% CI, 0.99 to 2.3]; P = .056) were independently prognostic. By assigning a score of 1 point each to albumin <3.5 g/dL (HR, 1.5) and age 66-75 years (HR 1.4) and 2 points for age >75 years (HR, 2.6) or elevated LDH (HR, 2.3), four groups with distinct outcomes were observed on the basis of the composite scores. Five-year OS was 93% for the low-risk (score 0), 82% for low-intermediate risk (score 1), 69% for intermediate-risk (score 2), and 55% for the high-risk (score ≥3; P < .0001) groups. In the validation cohort (N = 335), the model maintained its prognostic value, with a 5-year OS of 93%, 90%, 75%, and 57% for the four groups, respectively (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Modified Staging System for WM (MSS-WM), utilizing age, albumin, and LDH is a simple, clinically useful, and externally validated prognostic model that reliably risk-stratifies patients with symptomatic WM into four groups with distinct prognosis.
Assuntos
Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/genética , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição de Risco , Prognóstico , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
The prognostic and predictive role of specific gene mutations in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) is well-ascertained whereas the clinical impact of chromosome aberrations is far less known. Recent work has provided initial evidence for an adverse prognostic impact of some aberrations, such as del(6q), while other studies suggest a possible relationship between some clinical features (e.g. advanced age and/or inflammatory status) and specific cytogenetic abnormalities. To add to the still limited knowledge on WM cytogenetics and its clinical implications, we herein report our experience in a cohort of WM patients across 23 years. Based on our retrospective study, we found that abnormal karyotype was more represented in older patients and maintained a statistically significant independence from other molecular, clinical, and biological features related to WM. The presence and number of cytogenetic aberrations correlated with inferior overall and progression-free survival outcomes regardless of the type of single chromosome aberration. Our data suggests that the role of the altered karyotype deserves to be further clarified especially in elderly WM patients, in whom cytogenetic abnormalities and disease biology appear to be characterized by a higher degree of complexity.
Assuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/genética , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/mortalidade , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/diagnóstico , Humanos , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto , Prognóstico , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Cariótipo AnormalRESUMO
Ibrutinib is a first-in-class Bruton kinase inhibitor against B-cell neoplasms including Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ibrutinib-rituximab in Japanese patients with WM. Patients received ibrutinib 420 mg orally once daily plus weekly rituximab 375 mg/m2 IV (8 infusions total). The primary end point was major response rate (MRR; PR or better) by Independent Review Committee assessment. Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), safety, pharmacokinetics, and biomarkers. Primary analysis was conducted in 16 patients [baseline, treatment naïve: 8 (50.0%); relapsed/refractory WM: 8 (50.0%)] who received ibrutinib-rituximab, after all patients completed Week 57 or end of treatment. At primary analysis, MRR was 87.5% [14/16 patients; 95% CI: 61.7, 98.4%; p < 0.0001 (null hypothesis: 32% response rate)]. At final analysis (median study intervention duration: 34.4 months, median follow-up: 35.0 months), MRR was unchanged at 87.5%, but VGPR [6/16 (37.5%)] and PR [8/16 (50.0%)] improved. Prior treatment status did not affect response. At final analysis, median PFS was not reached [36-month PFS rate: 86% (95% CI: 55, 96%)]. No critical safety signals were reported. This study demonstrated a positive benefit/risk profile of ibrutinib-rituximab in Japanese patients with WM, consistent with the iNNOVATE study.
Assuntos
Adenina , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Piperidinas , Rituximab , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom , Humanos , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/tratamento farmacológico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/mortalidade , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Adenina/administração & dosagem , Piperidinas/administração & dosagem , Piperidinas/uso terapêutico , Rituximab/administração & dosagem , Rituximab/efeitos adversos , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Japão , Pirazóis/administração & dosagem , Pirazóis/uso terapêutico , Pirazóis/efeitos adversos , Pirimidinas/administração & dosagem , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/efeitos adversos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Resultado do Tratamento , Povo Asiático , População do Leste AsiáticoRESUMO
The bendamustine-rituximab (BR) schedule is an efficient first-line therapy in Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM). A previous analysis of 69 patients who received this treatment confirmed a high response rate and good progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). With a median follow-up of 76.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 69.9-80.6), 5-year outcome is still excellent at 66.63% (95% CI 56.09-79.17) for PFS and 80.01% (95% CI 70.82-90.41) for OS. The rate of secondary cancers is 17.66% (IQR 7.99-27.64) at 66 months. Relapsed patients who received ibrutinib as second-line clearly benefited from this schedule. This confirms current recommendations suggesting BR long-term efficacy as first-line option in WM.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Cloridrato de Bendamustina , Rituximab , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom , Humanos , Cloridrato de Bendamustina/administração & dosagem , Cloridrato de Bendamustina/uso terapêutico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/tratamento farmacológico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/mortalidade , Rituximab/administração & dosagem , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , França , Seguimentos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: BCL2 is overexpressed and confers prosurvival signaling in malignant lymphoplasmacytic cells in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). Venetoclax is a potent BCL2 antagonist and triggers in vitro apoptosis of WM cells. The activity of venetoclax in WM remains to be clarified. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a multicenter, prospective phase II study of venetoclax in patients with previously treated WM (NCT02677324). Venetoclax was dose-escalated from 200 mg to a maximum dose of 800 mg daily for up to 2 years. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were evaluable, including 16 previously exposed to Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis). All patients were MYD88 L265P-mutated, and 17 carried CXCR4 mutations. The median time to minor and major responses was 1.9 and 5.1 months, respectively. Previous exposure to BTKis was associated with a longer time to response (4.5 v 1.4 months; P < .001). The overall, major, and very good partial response rates were 84%, 81%, and 19%, respectively. The major response rate was lower in those with refractory versus relapsed disease (50% v 95%; P = .007). The median follow-up time was 33 months, and the median progression-free survival was 30 months. CXCR4 mutations did not affect treatment response or progression-free survival. The only recurring grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse event was neutropenia (n = 14; 45%), including one episode of febrile neutropenia. Laboratory tumor lysis without clinical sequelae occurred in one patient. No deaths have occurred. CONCLUSION: Venetoclax is safe and highly active in patients with previously treated WM, including those who previously received BTKis. CXCR4 mutation status did not affect treatment response.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/uso terapêutico , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/efeitos adversos , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/genética , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Estudos Prospectivos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores CXCR4/genética , Sulfonamidas/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Tempo , Estados Unidos , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/diagnóstico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/genética , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/mortalidadeRESUMO
Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare B-cell lymphoproliferative malignancy. Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT) is considered in a subset of WM patients with relapsed disease. While registry data has shown a benefit for auto-HCT in relapsed WM, there is a paucity of data on outcomes of patients relapsing after auto-HCT. Eligibility criteria included adult patients with relapsed/refractory WM who underwent auto-HCT between 2007 and 2017. The primary endpoint was post-relapse overall survival (PR-OS). Secondary endpoints were to identify factors prognostic of PR-OS. Of the 48 patients with WM who underwent auto-HCT, 22 (46%) experienced relapse following auto-HCT. Median PR-OS of relapsed WM patients after auto-HCT (n = 22) was not reached (NR) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.5 months-NR). Among patients who relapsed <1 year versus ≥1 year from auto-HCT, the median PR-OS was 18.4 months (95%CI: 0.8-NR) months and NR (95%CI: 17.5-NR), respectively (p = 0.06). Of note, disease status at the time of transplant, CR/VGPR versus partial remission did not appear to impact PR-OS. The median PR-OS was significantly longer in patients who received ibrutinib in the post-transplant setting compared to those who did not (NR vs. 18.4 months, 95%CI: 9.1-NR, p = 0.02). On univariable analysis, the presence of complex karyotype (RR = 4.87, 95% CI = 1.22-19.53) and a higher number of prior lines of therapy (RR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.23-2.67) were associated with a significantly higher risk of relapse. This is the only study to date that evaluated outcomes of WM patients who relapsed following auto-HCT and provides a benchmark for future trials evaluating survival following auto-HCT relapse.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/mortalidade , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/mortalidade , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Seguimentos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Transplante Autólogo , Falha de Tratamento , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/patologia , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/terapiaRESUMO
It is unclear how treatment advances impacted the population-level survival of patients with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (LPL/WM). Therefore, we assessed trends in first-line therapy and relative survival (RS) among patients with LPL/WM diagnosed in the Netherlands between 1989 and 2018 (N = 6232; median age, 70 years; 61% males) using data from the nationwide Netherlands Cancer Registry. Patients were grouped into three age groups (<65, 66-75 and >75 years) and four calendar periods. Overall, treatment with anti-neoplastic agents within 1 year post-diagnosis gradually decreased over time, following a broader application of an initial watch-and-wait approach. Approximately 40% of patients received anti-neoplastic therapy during 2011-2018. Furthermore, use of chemotherapy alone decreased over time, following an increased application of chemoimmunotherapy. Detailed data among 1596 patients diagnosed during 2014-2018 revealed that dexamethasone-rituximab-cyclophosphamide was the most frequently applied regimen; its use increased from 14% to 39% between 2014 and 2018. The 5-year RS increased significantly over time, particularly since the introduction of rituximab in the early-mid 2000s. The 5-year RS during 1989-1995 was 75%, 65%, and 46% across the age groups compared to 93%, 85%, and 79% during 2011-2018. However, the survival improvement was less pronounced after 2011. Collectively, the impressive survival improvement may be accounted for by broader application of rituximab-containing therapy. The lack of survival improvement in the post-rituximab era warrants studies across multiple lines of therapy to further improve survival in LPL/WM.
Assuntos
Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/mortalidade , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/terapia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Terapia Combinada , Gerenciamento Clínico , Feminino , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mortalidade , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , Sistema de Registros , Resultado do Tratamento , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/diagnóstico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/históriaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III iNNOVATE study showed sustained efficacy of ibrutinib-rituximab in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM). Here, we present the final analysis from iNNOVATE. METHODS: Patients had confirmed symptomatic WM, either previously untreated or previously treated; patients with prior rituximab had at least a minor response to their last rituximab-based regimen. Patients were randomly assigned to once-daily ibrutinib 420 mg plus rituximab or placebo plus rituximab (n = 75 per arm). The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included response rate, time to next treatment, hemoglobin improvement, overall survival, and safety. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 50 (range, 0.5-63) months, median (95% CI) PFS was not reached (57.7 months to not evaluable) with ibrutinib-rituximab versus 20.3 months (13.0 to 27.6) with placebo-rituximab (hazard ratio, 0.250; P < .0001). PFS benefit was regardless of prior treatment status, MYD88 and CXCR4 mutation status, or key patient characteristics. Higher response rates (partial response or better) were observed with ibrutinib-rituximab (76% v 31% with placebo-rituximab; P < .0001) and were sustained over time. Median time to next treatment was not reached with ibrutinib-rituximab versus 18 months with placebo-rituximab. More patients receiving ibrutinib-rituximab versus placebo-rituximab had sustained hemoglobin improvement (77% v 43%; P < .0001). Median overall survival was not reached in either arm. Ibrutinib-rituximab maintained a manageable safety profile; the prevalence of grade ≥ 3 adverse events of clinical interest generally decreased over time. CONCLUSION: In the final analysis of iNNOVATE with a median follow-up of 50 months, ibrutinib-rituximab showed ongoing superiority across clinical outcomes in patients with WM regardless of MYD88 or CXCR4 mutation status, prior treatment, and key patient characteristics.
Assuntos
Adenina/análogos & derivados , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Piperidinas/uso terapêutico , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/tratamento farmacológico , Adenina/efeitos adversos , Adenina/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/genética , Piperidinas/efeitos adversos , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Receptores CXCR4/genética , Rituximab/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Tempo , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/diagnóstico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/genética , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/mortalidadeRESUMO
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with great heterogeneity, and the data of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets in WM are limited. This study aimed to investigate the clinical correlation and distribution of circulating T-lymphocyte subsets in newly diagnosed WM patients. We retrospectively searched medical records for 86 newly diagnosed WM patients. Comparisons of the absolute CD3+ T-lymphocyte count (ACD3C), CD4+ T-lymphocyte count (ACD4C), CD8+ T-lymphocyte count (ACD8C), and CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocyte ratio (CD4+/CD8+) as continuous parameters in different groups were calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Young patients (<65 years) had lower ACD8C levels and a higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio. And the lower level of ß2-microglobulin (<3 mg/L) was associated with a higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio. With a median follow-up of 25 months, the univariate survival analysis showed that CD4+/CD8+ ratio inversion (CD4+/CD8+<1.5) was associated with shorter OS and PFS, and multivariate analysis confirmed that inverted CD4+/CD8+ ratio could be an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS and PFS. Additionally, initial treatment with rituximab or bortezomib significantly improved the PFS and OS of CD4+/CD8+ inversion patients but did not affect normal CD4+/CD8+ patients. We show that low circulating CD4+/CD8+ ratio at diagnosis is an adverse prognostic factor in WM patients and that first-line therapy which included rituximab or bortezomib significantly improved PFS and OS for patients with CD4+/CD8+ ratio less than 1.5.
Assuntos
Relação CD4-CD8 , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Bortezomib/administração & dosagem , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rituximab/administração & dosagem , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/tratamento farmacológico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/genética , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/mortalidade , Microglobulina beta-2/análiseAssuntos
Veteranos/estatística & dados numéricos , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/tratamento farmacológico , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Adenina/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Cloridrato de Bendamustina/uso terapêutico , Bortezomib/uso terapêutico , Clorambucila/uso terapêutico , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Piperidinas/uso terapêutico , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Vidarabina/análogos & derivados , Vidarabina/uso terapêutico , Vincristina/uso terapêutico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/mortalidadeRESUMO
PURPOSE: We report the long-term findings and final analysis of a pivotal multicenter trial of ibrutinib monotherapy in previously treated patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-three symptomatic patients with median prior therapies of two (range, one to nine therapies), of whom 40% were refractory to their previous therapy, received ibrutinib at 420 mg/d. Dose reduction was permitted for toxicity. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 59 months, and overall and major response rates were 90.5% and 79.4%, respectively. At best response, median serum immunoglobulin M declined from 3,520 to 821 mg/dL, bone marrow disease involvement declined from 60% to 20%, and hemoglobin rose from 10.3 to 14.2 g/dL (P < .001 for all comparisons). Responses were impacted by mutated (Mut) MYD88 and CXCR4 status. Patients with MYD88Mut, wild-type (WT) CXCR4 showed higher major (97.2% v 68.2%; P < .0001) and very good partial (47.2% v 9.1%; P < .01) response rates and a shorter time to major response (1.8 v 4.7 months; P = .02) versus patients with MYD88MutCXCR4Mut. Conversely, four patients who had MYD88WT disease showed no major responses. The median 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate for all patients was not reached, and was 70% and 38% for those with MYD88MutCXCR4WT and MYD88MutCXCR4Mut WM, respectively (P = .02). In patients with MYD88WT, the median PFS was 0.4 years (P < .01 for three-way comparisons). The 5-year overall survival rate for all patients was 87%. Grade ≥ 3 adverse events in more than one patient at least possibly related included neutropenia (15.9%), thrombocytopenia (11.1%), and pneumonia (3.2%). Eight patients (12.7%) experienced atrial arrhythmia, and seven of the eight continued therapy with medical management. CONCLUSION: Ibrutinib is highly active and produces long-term disease control in previously treated patients with WM. Treatment is tolerable. Response depth, time to major response, and PFS are impacted by MYD88 and CXCR4 mutation status.
Assuntos
Adenina/análogos & derivados , Piperidinas/uso terapêutico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/tratamento farmacológico , Adenina/farmacologia , Adenina/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Taxa de Sobrevida , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/mortalidadeRESUMO
We analyzed 160 young Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) patients with a median age of 49 years (range 23-55 years), diagnosed between January 2000 and January 2019 in 14 Italian centers. At diagnosis, 70% of patients were asymptomatic. With a median follow-up of 5.6 years, 57% have been treated. As initial therapy 79% of patients received chemo-immunotherapy, 13% a chemo-free induction and 8% chemotherapy only. At relapse or progression, 6% underwent an autologous stem cell transplantation. Overall, 19% of patients received ibrutinib during the course of the disease. According to IPSSWM, 63% were classified as low risk, 27% as intermediate risk and 10% as high risk. Five-year OS was shorter in high-risk as compared with low or intermediate risk patients (92.9% vs 100% P = .002). According to revised IPSSWM, 92% were classified as very low or low risk and 8% as intermediate risk, with a shorter 5-year OS in the latter group (87.5% vs 100%, P = .028). The OS of young WM patients was not significantly reduced as compared with age-matched, sex-matched and calendar year-matched general population. Early diagnosis, absence of high-risk features in symptomatic patients and high efficacy of modern treatments are the main determinants of the excellent outcome of young WM patients.
Assuntos
Imunoterapia , Pirazóis/administração & dosagem , Pirimidinas/administração & dosagem , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Autoenxertos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Piperidinas , Pirazóis/efeitos adversos , Pirimidinas/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/mortalidade , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/terapiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is an IgM-producing lymphoproliferative disorder that remains incurable. Patients with high-risk disease have an overall survival (OS) of less than 3 years. Both autologous (AHCT) and allogeneic (allo-HCT) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are prescribed for treatment of WM despite a lack of randomized controlled studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature search using PubMed/Medline and EMBASE on September 10, 2019. Data on clinical outcomes related to benefits and harms was extracted independently by 3 authors. Fifteen studies (8 AHCT [n = 278 patients], 7 allo-HCT [n = 311 patients]) were included in this systematic review/meta-analysis. RESULTS: Pooled OS, progression-free survival (PFS), and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) rates post AHCT were 76% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65%-86%), 55% (95% CI, 42%-68%), and 4% (95% CI, 1%-7%), respectively. Pooled OS, PFS, and NRM rates post allografting were 57% (95% CI, 50%-65%), 49% (95% CI, 42%-56%), and 29% (95% CI, 23%-34%), respectively. OS and PFS rates were reported at 3 to 5 years, and NRM was reported at 1 year in most studies. Pooled ORR (at day 100) post AHCT and allo-HCT were 85% (95% CI, 72%-94%) and 81% (95% CI, 69%-91%), respectively. Pooled complete response rates post AHCT and allo-HCT were 22% (95% CI, 17%-28%) and 26% (95% CI, 7%-50%), respectively. Relapse rates post AHCT and allo-HCT were 42% (95% CI, 30%-55%) and 23% (95% CI, 18%-28%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that both AHCT and allo-HCT are effective in the treatment of WM. A 2-fold lower relapse rate but a 7-fold higher NRM was noted for allo-HCT compared with AHCT. The role of transplant in WM needs to be addressed in the era of novel agents.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante/métodos , Transplante Autólogo/métodos , Transplante Homólogo/métodos , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado do Tratamento , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/mortalidadeRESUMO
Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (WM) is a rare indolent B-cell lymphoma for which only little prospective phase III evidence exists. Thus, real world data are important to provide insight into treatment and survival. We present here data on choice and outcome of systemic treatment of patients with WM treated in German routine practice. In total, 139 patients with WM who had been documented in the prospective clinical cohort study Tumour Registry Lymphatic Neoplasms (NCT00889798) were included into this analysis. We analysed the most frequently used first-line and second-line treatments between 2009 and 2017 and examined best response, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Bendamustine plus rituximab, with a median of six cycles, was by far the most frequently used first-line treatment (81%). Second-line treatment was more heterogenous and mainly based on bendamustine, cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone (CHOP), fludarabine or ibrutinib, the latter approved in 2014. Three-year PFS from start of first-line treatment was 83% (95% confidence interval [CI] 74%-88%), 3-year OS was 87% (95% CI 80%-92%). These prospective data give valuable insights into the management and outcome of non-selected patients with WM treated in German routine practice. In the lack of prospective phase III clinical trials, real world data can help bridging the gap of evidence.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/tratamento farmacológico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/mortalidade , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/patologiaRESUMO
The role of stem cell transplantation (SCT) for patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) remains undetermined. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the outcome of autologous and allogeneic SCT for patients with WM using the registry database of the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Forty-six patients receiving autologous and 31 receiving allogeneic SCT were analyzed. The allogeneic SCT group included more patients with advanced disease status at transplant and received more lines of chemotherapy. The cumulative incidences of non-relapse mortality (NRM) at 1 year were 30.0% (95% CI, 14.7-46.9%) in the allogeneic SCT and 0% in the autologous SCT group. The estimated 3-year overall (OS) and progression-free (PFS) survival rates were 84.5% (95% CI, 66.0-93.4%) and 70.8% (95% CI, 53.0-82.9%) in the autologous SCT group, and 52.2% (95% CI, 32.5-68.6%) and 45.0% (95% CI, 26.3-62.0%) in the allogeneic SCT group. No patients died after the first 2 years following allogeneic SCT. In univariate analyses, disease status at SCT was significantly associated with PFS in autologous SCT, and with OS and PFS in allogeneic SCT. These results suggest that both autologous and allogeneic SCT have each potential role in WM. Allogeneic SCT is more curative for WM, but is associated with high NRM.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/mortalidade , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/mortalidade , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/estatística & dados numéricos , Terapia Combinada/mortalidade , Terapia Combinada/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/mortalidade , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Linfoma/mortalidade , Linfoma/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Sociedades Médicas , Transplante Homólogo , Resultado do Tratamento , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/patologiaRESUMO
Data on cause-specific mortality after lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) and Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) are lacking. We identified causes of death amongst 7289 adults diagnosed with incident first primary LPL (n = 3108) or WM (n = 4181) during 2000-2016 in 17 USA population-based cancer registries. Based on 3132 deaths, 16-year cumulative mortality was 23·2% for lymphomas, 8·4% for non-lymphoma cancers and 14·7% for non-cancer causes for patients aged <65 years at diagnosis of LPL/WM, versus 33·4%, 11·2% and 48·7%, respectively, for those aged ≥75 years. Compared with the general population, patients with LPL/WM had a 20% higher risk of death due to non-cancer causes (n = 1341 deaths, standardised mortality ratio [SMR] 1·2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1·1-1·2), most commonly from infectious (n = 188; SMR 1·8, 95% CI 1·6-2·1), respiratory (n = 143; SMR 1·2, 95% CI 1·0-1·4), and digestive (n = 80; SMR 1·8, 95% CI 1·4-2·2) diseases, but no excess mortality from cardiovascular diseases (n = 477, SMR 1·1, 95% CI 1·0-1·1). Risks were highest for non-cancer causes within 1 year of diagnosis (n = 239; SMR<1year 1·3, 95% CI 1·2-1·5), declining thereafter (n = 522; SMR≥5years 1·1, 95% CI 1·1-1·2). Myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukaemia deaths were notably increased (n = 46; SMR 4·4, 95% CI 3·2-5·9), whereas solid neoplasm deaths were only elevated among ≥5-year survivors (n = 145; SMR≥5years 1·3, 95% CI 1·1-1·5). This work identifies new areas for optimising care and reducing mortality for patients with LPL/WM.
Assuntos
Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/mortalidade , Sistema de Registros , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/mortalidade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/diagnóstico , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/diagnóstico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/terapiaAssuntos
Mutação , Inibidores de Proteassoma/uso terapêutico , Receptores CXCR4/genética , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/genética , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/genética , Prognóstico , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/tratamento farmacológico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/mortalidade , Microglobulina beta-2/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a subset of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) with bone marrow (BM) involvement and an IgM monoclonal gammopathy of any level. We aimed to identify the clinical, laboratory, and BM findings of patients with WM and to evaluate the usefulness of CD154 for the diagnosis and prognosis of WM. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records and BM studies and/or flow cytometric immunotyping of 31 patients with untreated WM. Semiquantitative immunohistochemistry (CD20, CD138, tryptase, and CD154) of BM was performed. RESULTS: Only six patients presented with symptoms of hyperviscosity syndrome. Eleven patients had solid cancer and/or another hematologic malignancy. Mast cells (MC) increased in all samples, with some in close contact with tumor cells. Tryptase-positive MC (17.1/ high-power fields [HPF], 1.2-72.0/HPF) and CD154-positive MC (8.6/HPF, 0.1-31.1/HPF) were observed. The high CD154-positive MC (≥8.6/HPF) group showed a lower overall five-year survival rate than the low CD154-positive MC (<8.6/HPF) group (71.9% vs. 100.0%; P=0.012). Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of BM aspirates showed increased B lymphocytes and plasma cells with a normal phenotype (CD138âº/CD38âº/CD19âº/CD45âº/CD56â»). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one third of WM patients showed other malignancies and all patients had increased MC. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometric immunophenotyping are useful for diagnosing WM, and increased CD154-positive MC can indicate poor prognosis.
Assuntos
Medula Óssea/patologia , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/diagnóstico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antígenos CD20/metabolismo , Linfócitos B/citologia , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Ligante de CD40/metabolismo , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Citometria de Fluxo/métodos , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Mastócitos/citologia , Mastócitos/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paraproteinemias/complicações , Paraproteinemias/diagnóstico , Plasmócitos/citologia , Plasmócitos/metabolismo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/complicações , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/mortalidadeRESUMO
Histological transformation in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is an uncommon complication, with limited data, particularly regarding the impact of MYD88 L265P mutation on transformation. We examined risk factors and outcomes associated with transformation in WM, highlighting the role of MYD88 L265P mutation. Patients with WM seen at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA and University Hospital of Reims, France, between 01/01/1996 and December 31, 2017 were included; 50 (4.3%) of 1147 patients transformed to a high-grade lymphoma, with median time-to-transformation of 4.5 (range 0-21) years in the transformed cohort. The MYD88 L265P mutation status was known in 435/1147 (38%) patients (406 with non-transformed WM and 29 patients in transformed cohort). On multivariate analysis, MYD88 WT status alone was an independent predictor of transformation (odds ratio, 7[95%CI: 2.1-23]; P = .003). Additionally, the MYD88 WT status was independently associated with shorter time-to-transformation (HR 7.9 [95%CI: 2.3-27; P = .001]), with a 5-year transformation rate of 16% for MYD88 WT vs 2.8% with MYD88 L265P mutated patients. Patients with transformation demonstrated a significant increase in risk of death compared to patients who did not transform (HR 5.075; 95%CI: 3.8-6.8; P < .001). In conclusion, the MYD88 WT status is an independent predictor of transformation and associated with a shorter time-to-transformation. Additionally, transformation conferred an inferior overall survival in patients with WM.
Assuntos
Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Linfoma , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Linfoma/genética , Linfoma/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Taxa de Sobrevida , Fatores de Tempo , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/genética , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/mortalidadeRESUMO
Introduction: The genomic landscape of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is characterized by recurrent MYD88 (MYD88L265P) and CXCR4 mutations (CXCR4MUT), detected in 90% and 30% of cases, respectively. The role of CXCR4MUT in clinical features and outcomes to therapy in WM patients is evolving. Areas covered: We performed a systematic review aimed at evaluating the prevalence of CXCR4MUT in WM patients, and at assessing differences in clinical features and outcomes to therapy between WM patients with and without CXCR4MUT. Seventeen studies were included in our analysis. The pooled prevalence of CXCR4MUT in WM patients was 31%; 34% in MYD88L265P and 5% in MYD88WT patients. CXCR4MUT were associated with higher serum IgM levels and higher risk of hyperviscosity than CXCR4WT patients. Very good partial response (VGPR) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates to ibrutinib, with and without rituximab, appeared lower in CXCR4MUT than in CXCR4WT patients. Response and PFS rates were not affected by CXCR4MUT status on patients treated with proteasome inhibitors. Expert opinion: Our systematic review shows that WM patients with CXCR4MUT have specific clinical features and have lower response and PFS rates to BTK inhibitors. Our findings support standardization of CXCR4 testing and development of CXCR4-directed therapy.