Atypical localized Mongolian spots in dark pigmented skin - a challenge for forensic medical examination.

The assessment of skin changes in the context of possible child abuse is an important task in forensic medicine. This requires knowledge of pigmentation variants and pigmentation disorders such as congenital dermal melanocytosis, which includes Mongolian spots. Particularly in the case of atypical localization and dark pigmented skin, the differentiation from hematomas can be challenging. A case of two Nigerian siblings with extensive and atypically localized Mongolian spots is reported. The 1.5-year-old girl showed Mongolian spots on her back and the right side of her trunk. The 8-year-old boy showed Mongolian spots only on the back of his thighs. The authors are not aware of any case in which so called Mongolian spots were present exclusively on the back of the thighs and this case is all the more noteworthy as the back of the thigh is a common localization of blunt force trauma.

A comprehensive review of Mongolian spots with an update on atypical presentations.

PURPOSE: Mongolian spots (MS) are grayish-blue macules that typically present in the lumbosacral and gluteal regions of newborns. They are mostly benign and tend to resolve with age. This review brings to light recent findings and disorders associated MS. METHODS: In this paper, we review the literature, highlight recent cases and disorders associated with MS, and emphasize how newborns presenting with atypical MS should undergo appropriate screening. RESULTS: Atypical MS on other body parts are more likely to persist and might be an indication for further screening. Recent studies have shown persistent and extensive MS to be associated with various genetic disorders such as lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) and phakomatosis pigmentovascularis. CONCLUSION: Physicians should be aware of atypical MS and related conditions in order to further assess these patients for risk of any underlying genetic disorders.

A female infant with phacomatosis pigmentovascularis and congenital chylous ascites: A case report.

RATIONALE: Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) is a rare syndrome characterized by capillary malformation and pigmentary nevus. Congenital chylous ascites (CCA) is also a rare disease that results from maldevelopment of the lymphatic system. We report a case of a 5-month-old girl, who had both PPV and CCA. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 5-month-old girl is reported, who presented extensive nevus flammeus and an aberrant Mongolian spot with congenital chylous ascites. DIAGNOSES: The expression of extensive nevus flammeus and an aberrant Mongolian spot with congenital chylous ascites, that was diagnosed as type IIb phacomatosis pigmentovascularis. INTERVENTIONS: Conservative treatment included administration of somatostatin, MCT-based diet or TPN with drainage of ascitic fluid. Surgery was taken into account after failed conservative treatments. Before surgery, it is necessary to locate the abnormal lymphatic vessels. OUTCOMES: Conservative treatment and surgery sometimes functioned limitedly on CCA. LESSONS: According to the classification system of ISSVA (the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies), this case meet the classification of CLM included in combined vascular malformations. It is likely to there is a connection between these two congenital diseases.

The case of a boy with nevus of Ota, extensive Mongolian spot, nevus flammeus, nevus anemicus and cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita: a unique instance of phacomatosis pigmentovascularis.

Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis is a rare, congenital condition characterized by a combination of cutaneous melanocytic lesions and vascular malformation. We discuss an entirely unique case of Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis with nevus of Ota, extensive Mongolian spot, nevus flammeus, nevus anemicus and cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, which may represent a heretofore undescribed variant of phacomatosis pigmentovascularis.

Distinction between forensic evidence and dermatological findings.

The external examination after death requires knowledge in forensics/pathology, dermatology, as well as associated diseases and age-related alterations of the skin. This article highlights some findings with forensic evidence versus dermatological findings. The lectures in forensic medicine should be structured interdisciplinarily, especially to dermatology, internal medicine, surgery, pathology, and toxicology in order to train the overlapping skills required for external and internal postmortem examinations.

The case of a boy with nevus of Ota, extensive Mongolian spot, nevus flammeus, nevus anemicus and cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita: a unique instance of phacomatosis pigmentovascularis

Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis is a rare, congenital condition characterized by a combination of cutaneous melanocytic lesions and vascular malformation. We discuss an entirely unique case of Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis with nevus of Ota, extensive Mongolian spot, nevus flammeus, nevus anemicus and cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, which may represent a heretofore undescribed variant of phacomatosis pigmentovascularis.

Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis type IIa--case report.

Phacomatosis Pigmentovascularis is a rare syndrome characterized by capillary malformation and pigmentary nevus. A case of a 2-year-old patient is reported, who presented extensive nevus flammeus and an aberrant Mongolian spot, without systemic disease, manifestations that allow us to classify this case as type IIa Phacomatosis Pigmentovascularis, according to Hasegawa's classification.

Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis type IIa - case report / Facomatose pigmentovascular tipo IIa - relato de caso

Phacomatosis Pigmentovascularis is a rare syndrome characterized by capillary malformation and pigmentary nevus. A case of a 2-year-old patient is reported, who presented extensive nevus flammeus and an aberrant Mongolian spot, without systemic disease, manifestations that allow us to classify this case as type IIa Phacomatosis Pigmentovascularis, according to Hasegawa's classification.

A Facomatose Pigmentovascular, síndrome rara, é caracterizada pela presença concomitante de malformação capilar e nevos pigmentares. Relata-se o caso de um paciente de dois anos de idade com malformação capilar extensa e mancha mongólica aberrante sem comprometimento sistêmico, manifestações que o incluem no tipo IIa na classificação da Facomatose Pigmentovascular, segundo Hasegawa.

Mongolian spots--a prospective study.

To determine the frequency and clinical presentation of Mongolian spots (MS) and assess their evolution with age, this study was conducted in three phases. The first phase examined 2,313 babies born at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research between October and December 2010 for the number, size, shape, color, and distribution of MS. Babies with MS were followed up at 6 months and 1 year, in the second and third phases, respectively, to note the evolution of the patches. Of 2,313 babies, 1,524 (65.9%) had MS. The majority had a single patch (n = 790), measuring less than 5 cm (n = 932), with an irregular shape (n = 981) and a blue-green color (n = 577). The most common site was sacral (n = 1,203), and the most common extrasacral site was a lower extremity (n = 156). A single case of superimposed MS was recorded. Male sex and prematurity were significantly associated with MS (p < 0.05). At 6 months, 73 of 634 babies (11.5%) showed fading and 83 (13.1%) showed complete disappearance. At 1 year, 90 (14.2%) showed fading and 268 (42.3%) showed complete disappearance. Multiple MS (p < 0.05), extrasacral position (p < 0.05), size larger than 10 cm (p < 0.05), and dark-colored lesions (blue/blue-black) (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with persistence beyond 1 year. Seven hundred ninety babies (51.8%) had a single MS. More than 40% of MS disappeared by 1 year. Multiple patches, extrasacral position, size larger than 10 cm, and dark-colored lesions were markers of persistence beyond 1 year.

Giant Mongolian macules with bilateral ocular involvement: case report and review.

Dermal melanocytosis is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped melanocytes in the dermis. The most common form is Mongolian spots. A 15-month-old girl from Azerbaijan had a systematized dark blue-gray hyperpigmentation on her shoulder, back and extremities. The hyperpigmentation was also found on both sclera and choroidal areas, without any other facial involvement. On histopathological examination, dense melanocytes were found on the intermediate and deep dermis. Her physical and mental development was normal. This association of blue macules and involvement of both sclerae does not represent a distinct entity and cannot be categorized as an example of nevus of Ota.