Scrotal cutaneous metastasis from rectal squamous cell carcinoma: a rare evolution into a rare tumor.

The scrotum is a rare site for metastases and represents less than 1% of the body's total surface area. Clinically, metastatic deposits in the scrotum can present in a variety of ways. They may appear as solitary cutaneous nodules, papules, plaques, or generalized induration or edema. Indeed, scrotum metastasis may be mistaken for other skin lesions since several dermatologic conditions can present with inflammation or dermatitis of the scrotum. Properly diagnosing cutaneous metastasis requires histopathological examination since the clinical appearances are, as described, highly variable and non-specific. We present a 63-year-old man with painless nodules on the scrotal skin. Excisional biopsy of the nodules revealed a metastasis from rectal squamous cell carcinoma. The incidence of this kind of tumors is estimated around 0.1-0.25 per 1000 colorectal neoplasms.

Scrotal Sac Metastasis in Adenocarcinoma Prostate: Findings on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT.

Metastasis to the scrotal sac is a very rare phenomenon. We present a case of a 45-year-old man diagnosed with locally advanced acinar adenocarcinoma prostate, post bilateral orchidectomy and radiotherapy treatment, who showed a rising trend of serum PSA levels with discovery of scrotal sac metastasis on serial Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT scans.

Metastasis of the epididymis and spermatic cord from pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A rare entity. Description of a case and revision of literature.

INTRODUCTION: Metastatic epididymal and spermatic cord adenocarcinoma from epithelial tumors are a rare condition. The most frequent primary cancers are prostate, lung, kidney, gastrointestinal tumors and breast. In literature, there are very low number of cases reporting metastasis from pancreatic cancer to epididymis and spermatic cord. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report a case of 70-years old man with history of left orchiectomy for undescended testicle, who presented to our department with a palpable nodule in the right scrotum. Scrotal ultrasound revealed an inhomogeneous hypoechoic nodule of epididymis and/or spermatic cord. Neoplastic markers showed high levels of CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) and bHCG (beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin). The patient underwent right surgical scrotal exploration with orchifunicolectomy. Pathologic examination revealed pathologic tissue showing rare glandular structures. Immunohistochemistry profile was compatible with malign epithelial neoplasm with glandular differentiation. Total body CT-scan revealed pathologic tissue in pancreas between head and body and a suspect pathologic lesion in liver and 18-FDG PET-scan confirmed the pancreatic neoplastic mass and a suspect secondary hepatic lesion. Biopsy of pancreatic pathologic area was positive for ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The patient was sent to oncologic evaluation and started chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Malignancies of epididymis and spermatic cord are rare entities and, in literature, very low number of cases of metastasis from pancreatic carcinoma to epididymis and spermatic cord are described. Early differential diagnosis is fundamental mostly in those patients with age range unusual for testis cancers.

18F-FDG PET/CT of Seminal Vesicle Metastasis From Ascending Colon Adenocarcinoma.

The most common metastatic sites of colorectal cancer are the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and peritoneum. Seminal vesicle metastasis from colon adenocarcinoma is not reported yet; the diagnosis could be challenging. We report a case of seminal vesicle metastasis from a primary ascending colon adenocarcinoma in a 49-year-old man, with elevating carcinoembryonic antigen as the only clinical sign. This also highlights the role of F-FDG PET/CT to detect metastatic adenocarcinoma from colon in the genitourinary system.

Rare metastatic sites of renal cell carcinoma: urethra and spermatic cord.

INTRODUCTION: About 20% of patients with a diagnosis of primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) present directly with metastatic disease. The aim of the present manuscript is to describe, for the first time a RCC metastasis located to the distal female urethra and to present an update on metastatic locations to the male spermatic cord. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report two cases of rare RCC metastases. The first concerns a 92-year-old female patient who came to our attention for recurrent urethral bleeding, which was initially believed to be secondary to urethral mucosal ectropion. Pathology demonstrated a RCC metastasis. The second concerns a 67-year-old male patient with a previous history of RCC who came to our attention for the finding of palpable, mobile and indolent right inguinal lump. Given the past history of malignancy, it was excised and revealed to be a RCC metastasis. DISCUSSION: In the first case, the pathologic specimen allowed the detection of an unknown renal tumor, whereas in the second, the previous neoplastic history of the patient has led clinicians to focus on a possible neoplastic recurrence, perform a correct excision of the node, and begin an early systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: These cases are emblematic of possible unexpected RCC metastasis. These findings should be taken into account in order to clarify the differential diagnosis and to address these patients to a correct therapeutic course.

Adenocarcinoma of the colon presenting with scrotal metastasis: case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: The scrotum is an uncommon site for cutaneous metastases from visceral malignancies. PURPOSE: A man with colon cancer, which subsequently developed cutaneous metastasis to the scrotum is described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed medical database was used to search the following terms separately and in combination: cutaneous metastasis, skin metastasis, scrotal metastasis, scrotum, rectal cancer, and colon cancer. RESULTS: Cutaneous metastasis most frequently occur in the vicinity of the primary tumor. Skin sites of metastatic cancer may include the abdomen, back, chest, face, scalp, and genitalia. The reported patient developed metastatic cutaneous lesions of his colon cancer not only on the abdomen but also on the scrotum. Including our patient, 9 men have been described with metastatic colon or rectal carcinoma localized to the scrotum. The lesions were the presenting sign of malignancy in one man and in the others, the lesions appeared within 24 months of their initial diagnosis of cancer. The skin metastases were pleomorphic; they appeared as papules, nodules and/or cutaneous induration. Survival data was only reported in five of the patients.  However, colon or rectal metastases to the scrotum is a poor prognostic sign with a mean survival time of 11 months. CONCLUSION: Scrotal metastases from carcinoma of the colon or rectum may be the initial presentation of malignancy or herald the discovery of recurrent disease. The morphology of the metastatic tumor is variable: papules, nodules and/or sclerosis. The development of scrotal metastases from colon or rectal carcinoma portends a poor prognosis. Most of the patients succumb to theirmetastatic disease within a year.

Ultrasound features of a metastatic seminal vesicle melanoma: A case report.

In this report we describe what we consider to be the second case of seminal vescicle (SV) metastasis from an unknown primary melanoma. only presenting symptom was a palpable firm nodule of the right prostate base on digital rectal examination (DRE). The diagnosis, after prostatic transrectal ultrasound examination (TRUS), was performed by ultrasound guided biopsy. We underline that prostatic TRUS evaluation is mandatory in case of abnormal digital rectal examination. Seminal vesicle must be always evaluated.

Ultrasound in diagnosis of intrascrotal metastasis of Wilms' tumor: first case report of a Chinese boy and review of the literature.

A 31-month-old boy with Wilms' tumor (WT), which primarily had originated from the left kidney, was treated with nephrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. 2 months after nephrectomy, a left scrotal mass was found at routine follow-up. High-frequency sonography examination revealed an enlarged left testis with a heterogeneous texture and a hypoechoic solid mass in the left scrotum. Moreover, hypervascular signals presented in both the left testis and the mass on color Doppler flow imaging. Left orchiectomy was performed for suspected intrascrotal metastasis of WT, which was confirmed by histopathology examination. This was the first case of intrascrotal metastasis of WT reported in China with a detailed ultrasound description. Meanwhile, this study also reviewed the comparable diagnostic methods of intrascrotal metastasis of WT found in the English literature.

[SUCCESSFUL INGUINAL ORCHIECTOMY IN A PATIENT WITH A PAINFUL METASTATIC SPERMATIC CORD TUMOR: A CASE REPORT].

A 71-year-old man was referred to our department due to inflammation in the right scrotum. A tumor in the right spermatic cord was suspected on palpation, and abdominal computed tomography revealed a 4-cm mass in the tail of the pancreas and a low-density lesion in the liver segment 6. In addition, the patient's serum level of CA19-9 was high, at 135.7 U/mi. We referred the patient to our institution's Department of Gastroenterology, where he was diagnosed as having a liver metastasis from pancreatic cancer. Despite three courses of gemcitabine and erlotinib combination therapy for pancreatic cancer, his serum level of CA19-9 increased to 744.0 U/m, indicating no response to chemotherapy. Because uncontrollable pain developed in the right scrotum and right inguinal area during the course of treatment, inguinal orchiectomy was performed for pain management and pathological diagnosis. Careful examination revealed a hard, whitish tumor occupying the right spermatic cord and extending from the epididymis to the internal inguinal ring. Because a palpable mass in the peritoneum near the internal inguinal ring was detected, part of the peritoneum was resected concurrently. Pathological findings were remarkable with spermatic cord metastasis and peritoneal dissemination from pancreatic cancer. Pain subsided postoperatively and no analgesics were needed. Pancreatic cancer accompanied by spermatic cord metastasis and peritoneal dissemination is extremely rare. Surgical resection in the present case provided effective treatment of the intractable pain due to spermatic cord metastasis. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the 14th case reported in Japan of spermatic cord metastasis from pancreatic cancer as a primary cancer.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumour metastatic to the epididymis.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are mesenchymal neoplasms with a propensity to metastasise to the liver and peritoneal cavity. Since the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, outcomes for patients with metastatic GIST have improved dramatically. Secondary to the longevity in survival, patients may develop metastatic disease in very unusual locations, which poses significant diagnostic dilemmas and management challenges. We report a case of a patient with GIST who presented with an epididymal metastasis manifesting as a scrotal mass. Resistance to targeted medical therapies continues to pose a challenge, and our case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in such patients, including long-term follow-up.

Laparoscopic Diagnosis for Spermatic Cord Metastasis from Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Report of a Case.

We report a case of previously unreported metastasis to the spermatic cord from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. A 63-year-old Japanese man underwent laparoscopy-assisted esophageal bypass surgery for an advanced esophageal cancer. An elastic hard tumor was found in the right lateral inguinal fossa on intraoperative laparoscopy, and laparoscopic enucleation was performed. Histological examination of the resected tumor revealed a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, compatible with metastasis from the esophageal cancer. Two months after the operation, computed tomography revealed a heterogeneously enhanced groin mass (20 mm in diameter) involving the right spermatic cord. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a solitary metastasis to the spermatic cord from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

[Metastatic tumor of the spermatic cord from gastric cancer: a case report].

A 66-year-old man presented with a painless swelling of left scrotal contents. We performed left inguinal orchiectomy and left inguinal lymphnode dissection. Histopathological examination revealed spermatic cord metastases from gastric carcinoma. We collected 44 cases of metastatic tumor of the spermatic cord from gastric cancer in the Japanese literature.

Late-onset metastatic adenocarcinoma of the spermatic cord from primary gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Metastatic cancers of the paratesticular tissue are very rare; however, the most frequent primary site of spermatic cord metastasis is the gastrointestinal tract. CASE PRESENTATION: We recently observed two cases of late-onset metastatic adenocarcinoma of the spermatic cord. Both patients complained of groin discomfort with a palpable mass in the scrotum and inguinal area. Radical orchiectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy were performed in both patients. Although the prognosis of patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the spermatic cord is typically poor, the prognosis of our patients was favorable after follow-up for 14 to 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with groin discomfort or swelling and a history of gastric cancer, metastatic adenocarcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis for early detection of tumors.

Scrotal wall metastasis as the first manifestation of primary gastric adenocarcinoma.

Metastases to the scrotal wall are very rare, and being the initial manifestation of occult primary tumours is even rarer. We report on a patient presenting with painless scrotal swelling, attributed to a solid extra-testicular mass found on ultrasonography. Subsequent investigations and surgical exploration revealed it to be a scrotal wall metastasis from an occult gastric primary. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a scrotal wall metastasis from gastric adenocarcinoma. The ensuing discussion and literature review highlight the diagnostic challenges posed by an extra-testicular scrotal metastasis from an occult primary tumour.

Metastatic tumour of spermatic cords, epididymis and seminiferous duct from gastric carcinoma / Tumor metastásico de los cordones espermáticos, el epidídimo y el conducto seminífero a partir de un carcinoma gástrico

Metastatic tumour of spermatic cords, epididymis and seminiferous duct from gastric carcinoma has been recently reported but rarely seen. A case of metastatic tumour from gastric carcinoma in a 50-year old man is herein reported. The initial diagnosis was thickening of both spermatic cords. Needle biopsy of the spermatic cord, testicle and epididymis was performed. Pathological findings showed a gastric signet ring cell carcinoma. Thus, double radical orchiectomy was performed and metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of the spermatic cord and testis was diagnosed through histological examination and immunohistochemistry. Physicians should be aware that gastric carcinoma is one of the possibilities for metastasis to the seminal duct.

El tumor metastásico de los cordones espermáticos, el epidídimo y el conducto seminífero a partir de un carcinoma gástrico ha sido reportado recientemente, pero pocas veces visto. En este trabajo se reporta el caso de un tumor metastásico a partir de un carcinoma gástrico en un hombre de 50 año de edad. El diagnóstico inicial fue el engrosamiento de los dos cordones espermáticos. Se realizó una biopsia con aguja del cordón espermático, testículos y epidídimo. Los resultados patológicos mostraron un carcinoma de células en anillo de sello. Por consiguiente, se realizó una orquiectomía radical doble, y el carcinoma metastásico en anillo de sello del cordón espermático y el testículo, fue diagnosticado mediante examen histológico e inmunohistoquímico. Los médicos deben tener presente que el carcinoma gástrico es una de las posibilidades de metástasis en los conductos seminales.

Spermatic cord tumor metastatic from stomach cancer 1 year after curative gastrectomy.

We report a case of advanced stomach cancer metastatic to the spermatic cord 1 year after curative distal gastrectomy. The patient underwent distal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. There was no metastasis to the liver or peritoneum, and cytologic examination of the peritoneal lavage fluid was negative for cancer cells (CY0). Histological examination revealed a moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma that had penetrated the serosa (T4a). Postoperative staging was T4aN1M0, stage IIIA, according to the Japanese gastric carcinoma classification scale. One year after the operation, the patient was readmitted with right groin pain. Percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy of the inguinal tumor revealed a tubular adenocarcinoma. Extirpation of the inguinal tumor with wedge resection of the right iliac-femoral vein was performed. Pathological examination revealed a moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma that had diffusely infiltrated the connective tissue surrounding the spermatic cord. Immunohistochemical studies showed the tumor cells were reactive for CK7 but not for CK20. These findings were consistent with the diagnosis of a spermatic cord tumor metastatic from a known gastric primary cancer. Laparoscopic exploration showed invagination of the peritoneum with small nodules from the median umbilical fold to the lateral umbilical fold and a markedly decreased distance between the folds. Pathological examination in this area revealed a tubular structure consisting of mesothelial cells within the cancer tissue which was associated with dense fibrosis, suggesting that the invagination of the peritoneum had been caused by minimal peritoneal metastasis.