RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Inducible laryngeal obstruction (ILO) accounts for or contributes to dyspnea in a noteworthy proportion of treatment seeking populations including those misdiagnosed with asthma. Despite increasing awareness of the disorder, literature exploring patient experience is limited. The aim of this work is to report patient perspectives on ILO and the way in which it impacts quality of life. METHODS: This qualitative study utilized methods detailed in the literature on grounded theory and phenomenological research to analyze interviews collected from participants diagnosed with ILO. Interviews were conducted, audio recorded, and transcribed. Transcriptions underwent content-analysis using Burnard's 14 step method [15], which included review of content codes across multiple raters until consensus regarding analyses was reached. RESULTS: Twenty-six participants were included in the study. Most participants were female (92%). Ages ranged from 18-72 with a mean age of 45 for female participants and 37 for male participants. Without specific prompting to do so, all participants offered descriptions of the specific symptoms they experienced and the triggers for their symptoms. In the content analysis process, "descriptions of symptoms and triggers" was thus labeled a theme that was present in all interviews. Seven additional themes were shared consistently and judged to encapsulate the interview material. These themes were: 2) diagnosis and treatment, 3) emotional impact of ILO, 4) perception of health and prognosis, 5) ameliorating factors, 6) influence of ILO on lifestyle, 7) the physical impact of ILO, and 8), social consequences of ILO. In addition, 54 subthemes were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Patients appear to place particular emphasis on the emotional and psychosocial consequences of ILO as well as factors that ameliorate the condition. As such, future efforts to treat ILO and to collect outcomes measures should account for these aspects of the patient experience.
Assuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Idoso , Adolescente , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/psicologia , Adulto Jovem , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Percepção , Doenças da Laringe/psicologia , Dispneia/psicologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) on adolescents. METHOD: Twenty patients (< 17 years) diagnosed with EILO participated in this study. Patients completed semistructured interviews examining their experience with the health care system, treatment, and the effects of EILO symptoms on quality of life. Interviews were analyzed using a combination of directed and conventional content analyses. Researchers identified seven overarching themes either prior to or during analysis, and 24 subthemes were inductively identified from patient interviews using open, axial, and selective coding. RESULTS: On average, patients went 1.9 years between symptom onset and EILO diagnosis. Patients described symptom onset as frightening and confusing. Even after initially reporting symptoms to a medical provider, patients went an average of 10.5 months before diagnosis. Patients perceived that delays in diagnosis prevented efficient management and allowed symptoms to escalate. Patients reported that EILO detrimentally influenced athletic performance, forcing them to pace themselves or cease participation altogether. Social and academic effects of EILO included missed classes, difficulty in physical education courses, and resentment from teammates if athletic performance declined. Both athletes and nonathletes indicated that EILO elicited feelings of fear, frustration, dread, guilt, and embarrassment. Patients reported that therapy with a speech-language pathologist (SLP) effectively addressed symptoms; however, employing rescue breathing techniques was often more difficult than anticipated. CONCLUSIONS: Physical and emotional sequelae associated with EILO may have widespread influence on patient quality of life. Therapy with an SLP reportedly ameliorated EILO symptoms; however, patients indicated that delayed diagnosis allowed negative effects to intensify prior to treatment.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Adolescente , Feminino , Masculino , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Doenças da Laringe/terapia , Doenças da Laringe/psicologia , Doenças da Laringe/diagnóstico , Doenças da Laringe/etiologia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/etiologia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/psicologia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/terapia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Entrevistas como Assunto , CriançaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study sought to explore factors in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) that predicted whether (i) someone was engaged in full-time paid work, and (ii) those engaged in paid work reported problems with absenteeism and/or presenteeism. METHODS: Adults with cystic fibrosis who live in Western Australia completed absenteeism and presenteeism questions from the World Health Organization's Health Performance Questionnaire. The participants were grouped by work status (full time vs part time or unemployed) and by self-reported absenteeism and presenteeism (evidence of vs no evidence of). We explored whether factors such as air-flow obstruction, level of education, health-related quality of life (measured by using the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised), and treatment adherence predicted group membership. RESULTS: Of the 50 participants for whom data were available (median [interquartile range] age 30 [25-36] y; mean ± SD FEV1% predicted, 60 ± 18%); 34 (68%) worked full time. A higher education level increased the odds of working full time (odds ratio 1.74, 95% CI 1.36-1.89). Among the employed participants, problems with absenteeism and presenteeism were reported by 20 (47%) and 7 (16%), respectively. Both those who reported problems with absenteeism or presenteeism were characterized only by lower scores on the role domain of the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the majority of adults with cystic fibrosis worked full time and a low percentage of the sample reported problems with absenteeism and presenteeism.
Assuntos
Absenteísmo , Fibrose Cística/psicologia , Escolaridade , Emprego/psicologia , Presenteísmo/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/etiologia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/psicologia , Fibrose Cística/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento/psicologia , Austrália OcidentalRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To examine the demographic and health risk factors associated with participation in the choking game (CG), a dangerous and potentially fatal strangulation activity in which pressure is applied to the carotid artery to temporarily limit blood flow and oxygen. METHODS: We obtained data from 2 cross-sectional studies realized respectively in 2009 and 2013 among French middle school students. The 2009 (n = 746) and 2013 (n = 1025) data sets were merged (N = 1771), and multivariate modeling was conducted to examine demographic and clinical characteristics of youth reporting a lifetime participation in the CG. The 2 studies included questions about risk-taking behaviors and substance use, and standardized assessments were used to collect conduct disorder symptoms and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: In the merged 2009 and 2013 data set, the lifetime prevalence of CG participation was 9.7%, with no statistically significant differences between boys and girls. A multivariate logistic regression revealed that higher levels of conduct disorder symptoms (odds ratio: 2.33; P < .001) and greater rates of depressive symptoms (odds ratio: 2.18; P < .001) were both significantly associated with an increased likelihood of reporting CG participation. CONCLUSIONS: The significant relationship between elevated levels of depressive symptoms and participation in the CG sheds new light on the function of self-asphyxial activities. However, with the finding that higher rates of conduct disorder symptoms were the most important predictor of CG participation, it is suggested that the profile and the underlying motivations of youth who engage in this activity should be reexamined.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/psicologia , Jogos Recreativos/psicologia , Saúde Mental , Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento Social , Adolescente , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Jogos Recreativos/lesões , Humanos , Masculino , Saúde Mental/tendênciasRESUMO
The aim of this prospective cohort study was to determine the effect of an 'event,' defined as a knock-out (KO), technical knock-out (TKO), choke, or submission, on King-Devick (K-D) test times in mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes. MMA athletes (28.3 ± 6.6 years, n = 92) underwent K-D testing prior to and following a workout or match. Comparison of baseline and post-workout/match K-D times to assess any significant change. K-D tests worsened (longer) in a majority of athletes following an 'event' (N = 21) (49.6 ± 7.8 s vs 46.6 ± 7.8 s, p = 0.0156, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). K-D tests improved (shorter) following a standard workout or match in which no 'event' occurred in a majority of cases (n = 69) (44.2 ± 7.2 s vs 49.2 ± 10.9 s, p = <0.0001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Longer duration (worsening) of post-match K-D tests occurred in most athletes sustaining an 'event'; K-D tests shortened (improved) in a majority of athletes not sustaining an 'event'. Our study suggests MMA athletes suffering an 'event' may have sustained a brain injury similar to a concussion.
Assuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/psicologia , Concussão Encefálica/psicologia , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/diagnóstico , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/etiologia , Artes Marciais/lesões , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Adulto , Atletas , Concussão Encefálica/etiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/complicações , Jogos Recreativos/lesões , Hipóxia Encefálica/etiologia , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/psicologia , Lesões Acidentais/mortalidade , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente/fisiologia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/psicologia , Asfixia , Euforia , Evolução Fatal , Jogos Recreativos/psicologia , Humanos , Hipóxia Encefálica/psicologia , Internet/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Meios de Comunicação de Massa/estatística & dados numéricos , Assunção de Riscos , Rede SocialRESUMO
We present the case of a 42-year-old man, with a medical history of schizophrenic psychosis, who was found dead on the floor of his bedroom. At the autopsy, a bottle lid with a notched edge was found in the lower pharynx, partially obstructing the larynx and thus keeping the epiglottis in an open position. Airway obstruction was caused by edema and inflammation of the surrounding tissue. After removal of the foreign body, the tissue of the larynx was left with an impression of the bottle lid. The adjacent mucosa was swollen, hyperemic, partly necrotic, and covered with fibrin deposits. Also, foreign bodies were found in the stomach. The histological analysis of the hypopharynx showed severe nonspecific inflammation and necrosis of epithelium. The cause of death was a complication of subacute laryngeal obstruction caused by a foreign body.
Assuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/etiologia , Asfixia/etiologia , Corpos Estranhos/complicações , Pica/psicologia , Adulto , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/psicologia , Evolução Fatal , Corpos Estranhos/patologia , Conteúdo Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Masculino , Psicologia do EsquizofrênicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) can suffer from a significant decline in their quality of life. CRS patients have a high prevalence of comorbid conditions and it is important to understand the impact of these conditions on their CRS-related quality of life. This study measures the impacts of chronic pulmonary comorbidities on quality of life, pain, and depression scores among patients with CRS awaiting Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS). METHODS: This study is based on cross-sectional analysis of prospectively collected patient-reported outcome data collected pre-operatively from patients waiting for ESS. Surveys were administered to patients to assess sino-nasal morbidity (SNOT-22), depression and pain. The impact of pulmonary comorbidity on SNOT-22 scores, pain and depression was measured. RESULTS: Two hundred fifthy-three patients were included in the study, 91 with chronic pulmonary comorbidity. The mean SNOT-22 scores were significantly higher among patients with chronic pulmonary comorbidities than among patients without (37 and 48, respectively). This difference is large enough to be clinically significant. Patients with chronic pulmonary comorbidities reported slightly higher depression scores than those without. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that among CRS patients waiting for ESS, chronic pulmonary comorbidities are strongly associated with significantly higher symptom burden.
Assuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/etiologia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/psicologia , Rinite/complicações , Rinite/psicologia , Sinusite/complicações , Sinusite/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Canadá , Doença Crônica , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor/etiologia , Dor/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction causes severe shortness of breath during exercise. Episodes are associated with severe distress. These patients and those with inducible laryngeal obstruction triggered by other factors have been noted to demonstrate mental health disorders, personality features that may be associated with symptoms, and dysfunctional stress responses. This literature review calls attention to the observation that patients with isolated exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction are generally mentally healthy. We review available metrics to assess traits and stress responses in performance psychology. We also discuss a therapeutic performance psychology framework.
Assuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/psicologia , Atletas/psicologia , Terapia Comportamental/métodos , Disfunção da Prega Vocal/psicologia , Prega Vocal/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/etiologia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/terapia , Terapia Comportamental/tendências , Broncodilatadores/uso terapêutico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Laringoscopia , Masculino , Testes de Função Respiratória , Patologia da Fala e Linguagem/métodos , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Natação/fisiologia , Natação/psicologia , Disfunção da Prega Vocal/diagnóstico , Disfunção da Prega Vocal/etiologia , Disfunção da Prega Vocal/terapia , Prega Vocal/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
The determination of death by neurological criteria remains controversial scientifically, culturally, and legally, worldwide. In the United Kingdom, although the determination of death by neurological criteria is not legally codified, the Code of Practice of the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges is customarily used for neurological (brainstem) death determination and treatment withdrawal. Unlike some states in the US, however, there are no provisions under the law requiring accommodation of and respect for residents' religious rights and commitments when secular conceptions of death based on medical codes and practices conflict with a traditional concept well-grounded in religious and cultural values and practices. In this article, we analyse the medical, ethical, and legal issues that were generated by the recent judgement of the High Court of England and Wales in Re: A (A Child) [2015] EWHC 443 (Fam). Mechanical ventilation was withdrawn in this case despite parental religious objection to a determination of death based on the code of practice. We outline contemporary evidence that has refuted the reliability of tests of brainstem function to ascertain the two conjunctive clinical criteria for the determination of death that are stipulated in the code of practice: irreversible loss of capacity for consciousness and somatic integration of bodily biological functions. We argue that: (1) the tests of brainstem function were not properly undertaken in this case; (2) the two conjunctive clinical criteria set forth in the code of practice cannot be reliably confirmed by these tests in any event; and (3) absent authentication of the clinical criteria of death, the code of practice (in fact, although implicitly rather than explicitly) wrongly invokes a secular definition of death based on the loss of personhood. Consequently, the moral obligation of a pluralistic society to honor and respect diverse religious convictions to the greatest extent possible is being violated. Re A (A Child) is contrasted with the US case of Jahi McMath in which the court accommodated parental religious objection to the determination of neurological death codified in the Uniform Determination of Death Act. We conclude that the legal system in the United Kingdom should not favour a secular definition of death over a definition of death that is respectful of religious values about the inviolability and sanctity of life. We recommend the legal recognition of religious accommodation in death determination to facilitate cultural sensitivity and compassionate care to patients and families in a pluralistic society.
Assuntos
Morte Encefálica/diagnóstico , Códigos de Ética , Futilidade Médica/psicologia , Religião e Medicina , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/complicações , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Futilidade Médica/éticaAssuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/complicações , Dermatite/etiologia , Transtornos Autoinduzidos/etiologia , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/complicações , Adolescente , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/etiologia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/psicologia , Dermatite/diagnóstico , Dermatite/patologia , Transtornos Autoinduzidos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Autoinduzidos/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pescoço , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/psicologia , Pele/patologiaRESUMO
Air transportation, although safe, exposes passengers to distinct physical, psychological, and physiological stressors that may be well tolerated in a healthy passenger but may trigger or exacerbate a medical event in a passenger with underlying medical problems. This article describes how a medical provider on the flight assisted with a medical emergency on a transatlantic flight.
Assuntos
Viagem Aérea , Ansiedade/complicações , Dor no Peito/psicologia , Transtorno de Pânico/complicações , Doença Relacionada a Viagens , Aeronaves , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/psicologia , Dispneia/psicologia , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Xerostomia/psicologiaAssuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/psicologia , Apetite/fisiologia , Transtornos de Alimentação na Infância , Terapia Comportamental , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Criança , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Insuficiência de Crescimento , Família , Medo , Transtornos de Alimentação na Infância/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Alimentação na Infância/fisiopatologia , Transtornos de Alimentação na Infância/terapia , Feminino , Alimentos , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância MagnéticaAssuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/psicologia , Deglutição , Medo , Hipocalcemia/diagnóstico , Pseudo-Hipoparatireoidismo/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Metilação de DNA , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Hipocalcemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipocalcemia/etiologia , Masculino , Fósforo/sangue , Pseudo-Hipoparatireoidismo/complicações , Pseudo-Hipoparatireoidismo/genética , Pseudo-Hipoparatireoidismo/psicologia , Tireotropina/sangue , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Pseudo-HipoparatireoidismoRESUMO
The 'choking game' is a risk-taking behavior that has spread quickly among children and young people, causing dependence, accidents and even death, including in Brazil. These activities are performed in order to experience fleeting euphoric sensations, attracting numerous participants through the thousands of videos posted on YouTube. The problem of 'asphyxial games' can be observed in the Brazilian digital media, although there is a lack of scientific studies. Through a systematic review of the literature and complementary material, this paper aims to address the 'asphyxial games', warning about the psychophysiological and behavioral effects of these practices, while also presenting international epidemiological data. Sharing this information in academic circles is extremely important given the need to acquire more knowledge on the topic, train professionals and propose preventive measures that raise awareness among children and young people of the potential danger of voluntary fainting. It is equally important to raise awareness among parents and teachers so they can identify the warning signs that children may be engaging in these practices. And finally, it is also necessary to request government support to control exposure to videos that encourage the behavior.
Assuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/enzimologia , Asfixia/epidemiologia , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/epidemiologia , Acidentes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/psicologia , Asfixia/psicologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Humanos , Internet , Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/psicologiaRESUMO
Resumo As 'brincadeiras do desmaio' são comportamentos de risco que têm se difundido rapidamente entre crianças e jovens, provocando dependência, acidentes e mesmo mortes, inclusive no Brasil. Estas atividades são realizadas para vivenciarem sensações eufóricas e fugazes, atraindo grande número de adeptos por meio de milhares de vídeos postados no YouTube. A problemática dos 'jogos de asfixia' é observada nas mídias digitais brasileiras, mas carece de estudos científicos. Por meio de revisão sistemática da literatura e de bibliografia complementar, este trabalho objetiva discorrer sobre os 'jogos de asfixia', alertando aos aspectos psicofisiológicos e comportamentais, aos riscos potenciais destas práticas e, também, apresentar dados epidemiológicos internacionais. Compartilhar essas informações no meio acadêmico é de extrema importância dada a necessidade de maiores conhecimentos sobre o tema, de realizar capacitação de profissionais e de propor medidas preventivas que sensibilizem crianças e jovens ao perigo potencial dos desmaios voluntários. Sensibilizar igualmente os pais e professores a atentarem aos sinais decorrentes destas práticas. É também relevante a busca de apoio dos governantes para o controle da divulgação de vídeos incitativos.
Abstract The 'choking game' is a risk-taking behavior that has spread quickly among children and young people, causing dependence, accidents and even death, including in Brazil. These activities are performed in order to experience fleeting euphoric sensations, attracting numerous participants through the thousands of videos posted on YouTube. The problem of 'asphyxial games' can be observed in the Brazilian digital media, although there is a lack of scientific studies. Through a systematic review of the literature and complementary material, this paper aims to address the 'asphyxial games', warning about the psychophysiological and behavioral effects of these practices, while also presenting international epidemiological data. Sharing this information in academic circles is extremely important given the need to acquire more knowledge on the topic, train professionals and propose preventive measures that raise awareness among children and young people of the potential danger of voluntary fainting. It is equally important to raise awareness among parents and teachers so they can identify the warning signs that children may be engaging in these practices. And finally, it is also necessary to request government support to control exposure to videos that encourage the behavior.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Asfixia/epidemiologia , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/epidemiologia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/enzimologia , Asfixia/psicologia , Assunção de Riscos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Acidentes/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/psicologia , Internet , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare characteristics of youth who participate in the choking game alone versus those who participate in a group. METHODS: Lifetime prevalence estimates were obtained from the 2011 (n = 5682) and 2013 (n = 15 150) Oregon Healthy Teens survey. The 2011 and 2013 data sets were merged (N = 20 832) to compare youth who participate alone versus those who participate in a group in the choking game. Multivariate modeling was conducted to examine individual characteristics of young people who engaged in the choking game alone versus those who engaged in the game in a group. RESULTS: In 2011, 3.8% of eighth-grade participants reported a lifetime prevalence of choking game participation; 3.7% reported lifetime prevalence of participation in 2013. In the merged 2011/2013 data set, 17.6% (n = 93) of choking game participants indicated that they had participated alone. Compared with those who reported participating in a group, youth who participated alone had significantly higher rates of suicide contemplation (odds ratio: 4.58; P < .001) and poor mental health (odds ratio: 2.13; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Youth who participate alone in the choking game are a particularly high risk group, exhibiting substantially higher rates of suicidal ideation and poorer mental health compared with youth who participate in the choking game in a group. Adolescent health care providers should be aware of these associations, assess whether prevention messaging is appropriate, and be prepared to explain the high risks of morbidity and mortality associated with participation.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/psicologia , Feminino , Teoria dos Jogos , Humanos , Masculino , Oregon/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Medição de Risco , Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/diagnóstico , Ideação SuicidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have observed that exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is more common and more strongly related to exercise related breathing problems in female adolescents than male adolescents. However, few studies have investigated the association between EIB and health related quality of life (HRQoL) from a gender perspective. The aim of this study was to examine the association between EIB and HRQoL and physical activity level in female and male adolescents with and without EIB. METHODS: From a population based study on exercise-induced breathing problems among adolescents (13-15 years, n = 3838) a cross sectional study with prospective data collection was carried out in a random subsample of 140 adolescents. The subjects in the sample were tested for EIB with a standardised exercise test, of which 49 adolescents were tested positive. HRQoL was assessed with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and the adolescents' physical activity levels were measured objectively with accelerometer. RESULTS: The female subjects with EIB reported a lower HRQoL, both in total score (p = 0.03) and physical functioning score (p = 0.009) and had a lower baseline FEV1 compared to females without EIB (88 vs. 94 % predicted, p = 0.001). No differences were found in HRQoL or baseline lung function between males with or without EIB. There were no differences in minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day between females or males with and without EIB. CONCLUSION: In a general population, the female adolescents with EIB had lower HRQoL and poorer baseline lung function compared to counterparts without EIB. These differences were not observed in males. EIB does not appear to affect the level of daily physical activity neither in females nor males.
Assuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/psicologia , Broncoconstrição/fisiologia , Teste de Esforço/efeitos adversos , Nível de Saúde , Vigilância da População , Qualidade de Vida , Adolescente , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/etiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Suécia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
In this case study the author reviews the benefits of hypnosis for a 13-year-old female suffering from a specific phobia involving a fear of choking and generalized fear of swallowing that resulted in an episode of Restrictive Food Intake Disorder with associated significant weight loss. At the time of the initial consultation, three weeks after her choking episode, the patient weighed 93 pounds. Standing at 5'2", her Body Mass Index (BMI) was 17 (15th percentile) indicative of healthy weight for a child her age and height. She continued to lose weight over the course of 2 months and at her worst weighed 85 pounds (BMI = 15.5, 3rd percentile, classified as underweight). Prior to the incident, she weighed 105 pounds with a BMI of 19.2 (46th percentile). Treatment initially consisted of 12 hypnosis sessions (over a 5-month period), conducted on a weekly and eventually biweekly basis. A scheduled one-month follow-up visit was conducted following the 12th session, at which time the patient was consuming solid foods without fear of choking. Her BMI at that time was 18.7 (39th percentile). Two months after terminating treatment, the patient experienced a mild relapse triggered by conflicts with some female peers. After four additional hypnosis sessions, the patient's symptoms again remitted. During her last session we shared a pizza, providing clear and convincing evidence that she had overcome her fear of swallowing. She retained therapeutic benefits for at least 3 years following treatment.