RESUMO
Trace metals play a vital role in a variety of biological processes, but excessive amounts can be toxic and are receiving increasing attention. Trace metals in the environment are released from natural sources, such as rock weathering, volcanic eruptions, and other human activities, such as industrial emissions, mineral extraction, and vehicle exhaust. Lifestyle, dietary habits and environmental quality are the main sources of human exposure to trace metals, which play an important role in inducing human reproductive infertility. The purpose of this review is to summarize the distribution of various trace metals in oocyte and to identify the trace metals that may cause oocyte used in the design and execution of toxicological studies.
Assuntos
Oócitos , Oligoelementos , Humanos , Oócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Oligoelementos/análise , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Metais Pesados/análise , Metais/efeitos adversos , Metais/análiseRESUMO
Selenium is an essential trace element that shows beneficial or adverse health effects depending on the dose. However, its role in the prognosis of cervical cancer (CC) has been less reported. We aimed to explore the association between selenium status and prognosis in CC patients with different prognoses and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of selenium in CC prognosis. This cross-sectional observational study had a case-control design at the Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital and was conducted using 29 CC cases with poor prognosis and 29 CC cases with good prognosis. Plasma selenium levels were measured using an atomic fluorescence spectrometer. Untargeted metabolomics was used to identify metabolites. Plasma selenium levels of the poor prognosis group (49.90 ± 13.81 µg/L) were lower than that of the good prognosis group (59.38 ± 13.00 µg/L, t = 2.69, P = 0.009). In the logistic regression analysis, plasma selenium levels were associated with lower poor prognosis risk [odds ratio (OR) = 0.952, 95% CI: 0.909-0.998]. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an optimal cut-off point of plasma selenium levels ≤ 47.68 µg/L for poor prognosis of CC. Based on the cut-off selenium levels, patients with different prognoses were divided into high and low selenium groups. Metabolomic analysis revealed six differential metabolites among different prognoses with low and high selenium levels, and the glycerophospholipid (GPL) metabolism was enriched. Plasma selenium levels were positively correlated with metabolite levels. Our findings provided evidence that low plasma selenium levels may associate with a poor prognosis of CC. Low plasma selenium levels might suppress GPL metabolism and influence the prognosis of CC. This finding requires confirmation in future prospective cohort studies.
Assuntos
Selênio , Oligoelementos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversos , MetabolômicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chromium (Cr) is a transition metal, natural element. Chromium is the 21st most abundant element in Earth's crust. Cr is found in soil, rocks and living organisms. It may have various oxidation states, from -2 to +6, but most of these states are too unstable to exist in any significant quantities. The purpose of this review and meta-analysis is to critically assess the scientific evidence on the carcinogenic effects of chromium (Cr) and to determine whether there is currently sufficient evidence to suggest that that there is a link between chromium levels in hair and blood serum and breast cancer in women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Research on the relationship between heavy metal chromium and the risk of developing breast cancer has been searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus among papers published between January 2000 and September 2020. The search used the following terms (MeSH): breast cancer, women, trace elements, metals, chromium, chemically-induced, hair, serum using additional terms. RESULTS: In the second group of comparisons of women from "ecologically clean" districts of Aktobe Region, there were significantly lower indicators of the microelements in tumor tissue. The amount of Fe ranges from 38.46 to 65.39 ug/g (average 49.56±5.81 ug/g), Cu from 2.8 to 6.69 ug/g (average 5.06±1.01 ug/g), Zn from 1.89 to 5.38 ug/g (average 3.88±0.89 ug/g), Cr from zero to 6,1 ug/g (average 2.13±1.29 ug/g), Ni from 0.11 to 0.42 ug/g (average 0.28±0.067 ug/g) и Pb from zero to 0.19 ug/g (average 0.098±0.06 ug/g). CONCLUSION: The article established that women who live or work in ecologically polluted areas or have problems with micronutrient exchange need in-depth screening and more frequent screening for early detection of pre- and breast cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Metais Pesados , Oligoelementos , Feminino , Humanos , Cromo/efeitos adversos , Cromo/análise , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/etiologia , Metais Pesados/toxicidade , Metais Pesados/análise , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversos , Oligoelementos/análise , Fatores de Risco , Monitoramento AmbientalRESUMO
Trace elements are essentially required for various physiological and metabolic functions, and any disturbance in the trace elements homeostasis may result in the development of chronic diseases including breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type reported in women equally affecting both the high-income and low-income countries. This review therefore aimed to evaluate the impact of dietary trace element intake in relation to the incidence of breast cancer. We focused on five trace elements, thus emphasizing dietary selenium, zinc, iron, copper, and cadmium intake and risk of breast cancer. A systematic approach was applied to perform this review through entering a search term in PubMed and Scopus databases. A total of 24 articles were included after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most of the studies regarding dietary iron intake showed a detrimental effect of increased dietary heme iron on breast cancer incidence risk. In addition, there is a limited evidence of high dietary intake of selenium and zinc to reduce the risk of breast cancer. Also, a few studies showed a relationship between high cadmium consumption and risk of breast cancer. More studies related to cadmium and copper exposure are needed to confirm this relationship. As a result, the findings of this review suggested that high dietary heme iron is a potential risk factor for breast cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Selênio , Oligoelementos , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/etiologia , Cádmio , Cobre , Feminino , Heme , Humanos , Ferro , Ferro da Dieta , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversos , Oligoelementos/metabolismo , ZincoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine if higher exposures measured in early childhood to environmental phenols, phthalates, pesticides, and/or trace elements, are associated with increased odds of having a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Developmental Delay (DD), or Other Early Concerns (OEC) compared to typically developing children (TD). METHODS: This study included 627 children between the ages of 2-5 who participated in the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) study. Urine samples were collected at the same study visit where diagnostic assessments to confirm diagnosis indicated during the recruitment process were performed. Adjusted multinomial regression models of each chemical with diagnosis as the outcome were conducted. Additionally, two methods were used to analyze mixtures: repeated holdout multinomial weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression for each chemical class; and a total urinary mixture effect was assessed with repeated holdout random subset WQS. RESULTS: Many urinary chemicals were associated with increased odds of ASD, DD or OEC compared to TD; however, most did not remain significant after false discovery rate adjustment. Repeated holdout WQS indices provided evidence for associations of both a phenol/paraben mixture effect and a trace element mixture effect on DD independently. In analyses adjusted for confounders and other exposures, results suggested an association of a pesticide mixture effect with increased risk for ASD. Results also suggested associations of a total urinary mixture with greater odds of both ASD and DD separately. CONCLUSION: Higher concentrations of urinary biomarkers were associated with ASD, DD, and OEC compared to TD, with consistency of the results comparing single chemical analyses and mixture analyses. Given that the biospecimens used for chemical analysis were generally collected many months after diagnoses were made, the direction of any causal association is unknown. Hence findings may reflect higher exposures among children with non-typical development than TD children due to differences in behaviors, metabolism, or toxicokinetics.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Transtorno Autístico , Praguicidas , Oligoelementos , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/epidemiologia , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/etiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Fenóis/efeitos adversos , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that involves accumulation of toxic protein species, notably amyloid-ß (Aß)plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles that are associated with cognitive decline. These proteins can bind metal ions, ultimately affecting their structure and function. In this review, we discuss key biometals such as zinc, copper, and iron that interact with protein species involved in AD, mainly Aß, tau, and the late-onset AD risk factor Apolipoprotein E (APOE). These metals interact with Aß and tau proteins, affecting their aggregation and toxicity. The allele variants of APOE also have different interactions with these metals, affecting APOE protein expression and aggregation of AD protein species.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Apolipoproteínas E/metabolismo , Emaranhados Neurofibrilares/metabolismo , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversos , Proteínas tau/metabolismo , HumanosRESUMO
AIMS: We aimed to investigate the relationship of dietary zinc intake with new-onset diabetes among Chinese adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 16 257 participants who were free of diabetes at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. Participants with self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes, or fasting glucoseâ ≥â 7.0 mmol/L, or glycated hemoglobinâ ≥â 6.5% during the follow-up were defined as having new-onset diabetes. RESULTS: A total of 1097 participants developed new-onset diabetes during a median follow-up duration of 9.0 years. Overall, the association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset diabetes followed a U-shape (P for nonlinearityâ <â 0.001). The risk of new-onset diabetes was significantly lower in participants with zinc intakeâ <â 9.1 mg/day (per mg/day: hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60-0.88), and higher in those with zinc intakeâ ≥â 9.1 mg/day (per mg/day: HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07-1.13). Consistently, when dietary zinc intake was assessed as deciles, compared with those in deciles 2-8 (8.9 -<12.2 mg/day), the risk of new-onset diabetes was higher for decile 1 (<8.9 mg/day: HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04-1.62), and deciles 9 to 10 (≥12.2 mg/day: HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.38-1.90). Similar U-shaped relations were found for plant-derived or animal-derived zinc intake with new-onset diabetes (all P for nonlinearityâ <â 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There was a U-shaped association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset diabetes in general Chinese adults, with an inflection point at about 9.1 mg/day.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Inquéritos sobre Dietas/estatística & dados numéricos , Oligoelementos/administração & dosagem , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Adulto , China/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Proteção , Fatores de Risco , Autorrelato/estatística & dados numéricos , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversos , Zinco/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Ingestion of toxic trace elements in the human body has been considered one of the major reasons for renal dysfunction. Chronic kidney disease with uncertain etiological factors (CKDu) is a recently described clinical entity in which the disease is found in geographically isolated pockets in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. In CKDu regions, an increasing number of cases are reported with acute interstitial nephritis without any known reason (AINu). However, recent exposure to certain risk behaviors or nephrotoxins, or both, is suspected for the AINu. Consumption of foods that are contaminated with trace elements is one of the main pathways of human exposure to environmental toxins. The current study was carried out to assess the possibility of trace element-contaminated rice consumption on the etiopathogenesis of AINu. Samples of rice consumed by 32 clinically diagnosed AINu cases were collected and analyzed for possible nephrotoxic trace elements. Out of 32 patients, 26 were histologically confirmed with tubulointerstitial disease. The results revealed that the mean values of Cd, As, and Pb were 0.18, 0.055, and 0.135 mg/kg, with ranges of 0.020-1.06, 0.012-0.222, and 0.003-0.744 mg/kg (on dry weight basis), respectively. This study indicated that the investigated toxic trace element levels of rice consumed by AINu were reasonably below the recommended levels of the Codex Alimentarius Commission of FAO and WHO. Hence, it is less likely that rice consumption is to be a risk factor for the etiology of AINu.
Assuntos
Nefrite Intersticial , Oryza , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Oligoelementos , Humanos , Nefrite Intersticial/complicações , Nefrite Intersticial/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Sri Lanka/epidemiologia , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversos , Oligoelementos/análiseRESUMO
Abstract Fluoride anions are indispensable trace elements required for sustaining life. To investigate the homeostasis and action of fluoride in the body, a new highly sensitive and selective fluorescence detection method was designed for fluoride in aqueous solutions. A fluorescent probe for fluoride (FP-F) was synthesized for imaging F- in living cells. The design strategy for the probe was based on the specific reaction between fluoride and silica to mediate deprotection of this probe to fluorescein. Upon treatment with F-, FP-F, a closed and weakly fluorescent lactone, was transformed into an open and strongly fluorescent product. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limit for fluoride was 0.526 nM. FP-F could detect micromolar changes in F- concentrations in living cells by confocal microscopy.
Assuntos
Fluoresceína/farmacologia , Fluorescência , Flúor/análise , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversos , Células/metabolismo , Microscopia Confocal/métodos , Diagnóstico , Corantes Fluorescentes/farmacologia , Homeostase , MétodosRESUMO
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant glioma, with a very poor prognosis; as such, efforts to explore new treatments and GBM's etiology are a priority. We previously described human GBM cells (R2J-GS) as exhibiting the properties of cancer stem cells (growing in serum-free medium and proliferating into nude mice when orthotopically grafted). Sodium selenite (SS)-an in vitro attractive agent for cancer therapy against GBM-was evaluated in R2J-GS cells. To go further, we launched a preclinical study: SS was given orally, in an escalation-dose study (2.25 to 10.125 mg/kg/day, 5 days on, 2 days off, and 5 days on), to evaluate (1) the absorption of selenium in plasma and organs (brain, kidney, liver, and lung) and (2) the SS toxicity. A 6.75 mg/kg SS dose was chosen to perform a tumor regression assay, followed by MRI, in R2J-GS cells orthotopically implanted in nude mice, as this dose was nontoxic and increased brain selenium concentration. A group receiving TMZ (5 mg/kg) was led in parallel. Although not reaching statistical significance, the group of mice treated with SS showed a slower tumor growth vs. the control group (p = 0.08). No difference was observed between the TMZ and control groups. We provide new insights of the mechanisms of SS and its possible use in chemotherapy.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Corpo Estriado/cirurgia , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/transplante , Selenito de Sódio/efeitos adversos , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversos , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto/métodos , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Corpo Estriado/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Selênio/metabolismo , Selenito de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Temozolomida/administração & dosagem , Oligoelementos/administração & dosagem , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Studies on trace element (TE) pollution in abiotic matrices have typically focused on water, sediment, and soil, either separately or in pairs. The importance of multi-media connectivity has been ignored. This study analyzed the concentrations of 6 TEs in three connected environmental compartments of a 28-km section of the lower reach of the Jinsha River. The ecological risk posed by TEs was higher in soil than in sediment. The contribution of exposure pathways to human health risk were ranked as ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. An improved regional environmental risk index (RERI) method was then developed to evaluate the comprehensive risk on both ecology and human health caused by TEs. The average RERI value was generally higher in the wet season (0.42) than in the dry (0.41) and dry-to-wet transition seasons (0.08) because of the combined effects of the high TE concentrations in riparian soil and the long exposure time. Source apportionment indicated that industrial activities, weathering of parent rock, and agricultural activities were possible sources of TEs in this region. The methods and results of this study could inform local environmental management and provide references for similar cases wherein multiple compartments of river systems should be considered.
Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Medição de Risco/métodos , Rios/química , Absorção Cutânea , Oligoelementos/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , China , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Estações do Ano , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/efeitos adversos , Qualidade da ÁguaAssuntos
Prótese Dentária/efeitos adversos , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/etiologia , Níquel/efeitos adversos , Paládio/efeitos adversos , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversos , Reações Cruzadas , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/diagnóstico , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Níquel/imunologia , Paládio/imunologia , Testes do Emplastro , Oligoelementos/imunologiaRESUMO
The present study used soils collected from a small-scale gold mine area to determine the health risks due to trace elements to the at-risk population in the study area. The work involved 74 soil samples from four sampling categories: 29 samples were from the mining pits (MD), 18 samples from the first washing area (WA), 17 samples from the second washing area (WB), and 10 samples from the control area (C). All samples were analyzed for Cr, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, Zn, and Hg using the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Florescence (ED-XRF) method. Trace element levels were found to vary across the four sampling categories. The concentrations of trace elements recorded from different sampling categories varied in an increasing order of MD > WA > WB > C. Mercury was detected in the highest levels (max. 3.72 ± 0.15) at WB while it was not detected in the samples from C. Samples from MD indicated that Cu (max. 737.66 ± 1.3 mg/kg) was found in the highest levels whereas Hg (mean = 0.007 mg/kg) was the lowest. At WA, Cu (max. = 178.97 ± 2.46 mg/kg) registered the highest average concentration while Hg (mean = 0.05 mg/kg) had the lowest concentration. For WB, Cu (max. = 230.66 ± 3.99 mg/kg) was found in the highest concentration. The hazard index value for all exposure routes was found to be 1.77, making noncarcinogenic effects significant to the adult population. For children, the hazard index value was 9.11, showing a severe noncarcinogenic effect on children living in the study area. For the noncancer effects through the inhalation pathway, the risk posed by Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb was negligible for both adults and children, while Co posed the highest noncancer risk for children. Cobalt also indicated the highest noncancer risk for children through the dermal pathway, while As indicated the highest noncancer risk to children through ingestion. For the cancer risk, the adults were more at risk compared to children, except for As and Co through the dermal pathway posing the highest threat. Trace element concentrations, hazard quotient, and hazard index values indicated that the area was polluted and that noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic effects on residents and miners were significant. Therefore, there is a need to put in place mining regulations aimed at protecting the at-risk human population in the study area.
Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental , Mineração , Poluentes do Solo , Oligoelementos , Adulto , Criança , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição de Risco , Poluentes do Solo/efeitos adversos , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversos , Oligoelementos/análise , Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Selected trace metals of importance in different incense before and after the smoldering process were assessed based on the recent respiratory ailments. Marketed perfumed and non-perfumed incense from different countries was separately analyzed using an Inductive coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). A particulate analyzer measured the dispersed particulates (PM2.5) in the indoor environment. The analysis revealed higher mean metals concentrations in the smoldered perfumed incense (1.98 µg g-1) than in the non-smoldered and non-perfumed incense (0.59 µg g-1). Pilot-scale experiments included the smoke dispersed in different sized-rooms, and the distance between the inhaler and the smoldering incense. Simultaneously, a questionnaire distributed to 300 residents from six sampling areas revealed the exposure of incense to human health. This study indicated significant attributes on (a) the room size and incense volume, (b) the permissible inmate's number in a room, (c) the distance between the inmate vicinity and the point of smoldering incense, (d) selectivity of incense, besides the outdoor environmental influence. Furthermore, this study revealed the various categories of respiratory ailments in residents in relation to the frequency of burning incense, prolonged smoke exposure, and the impact of burners although, earlier beneficial effects of incenses were evidenced. This study recommends preventive measures to human respiratory ailments from smoldering incense.
Assuntos
Asma/etiologia , Franquincenso/efeitos adversos , Metais Pesados/efeitos adversos , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/efeitos adversos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/etiologia , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversos , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/efeitos adversos , Asma/epidemiologia , Asma/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Kuweit/epidemiologia , Odorantes/análise , Tamanho da Partícula , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , Fumaça/efeitos adversos , Espectrofotometria Atômica , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Several diseases and clinical conditions can affect enteral nutrition and adequate gastrointestinal uptake. In this respect, parenteral nutrition (PN) is necessary for the provision of deficient trace elements. However, some essential elements, such as manganese (Mn) may be toxic to children and adults when parenterally administered in excess, leading to toxic, especially neurotoxic effects. AREAS COVERED: Here, we briefly provide an overview on Mn, addressing its sources of exposure, the role of Mn in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases, and focusing on potential mechanisms associated with Mn-induced neurotoxicity. In addition, we discuss the potential consequences of overexposure to Mn inherent to PN. EXPERT OPINION: In this critical review, we suggest that additional research is required to safely set Mn levels in PN, and that eliminating Mn as an additive should be considered by physicians and nutritionists on a case by case basis in the meantime to avoid the greater risk of neurotoxicity by its presence. There is a need to better define clinical biomarkers for Mn toxicity by PN, as well as identify new effective agents to treat Mn-neurotoxicity. Moreover, we highlight the importance of the development of new guidelines and practice safeguards to protect patients from excessive Mn exposure and neurotoxicity upon PN administration.
Assuntos
Manganês/efeitos adversos , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/etiologia , Nutrição Parenteral/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Animais , Criança , Humanos , Manganês/administração & dosagem , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/prevenção & controle , Nutrição Parenteral/métodos , Risco , Oligoelementos/administração & dosagem , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
We measured PM2.5 in 41 underground shopping districts (USDs) in the Seoul metropolitan area from June to November 2017, and associated 18 trace elements to determine the sources and assess the respiratory risks. The PM2.5 concentrations were 18.0 ± 8.0 µg/m3 inside USDs, which were lower than 25.2 ± 10.6 µg/m3 outside. We identified five sources such as indoor miscellanea, soil dust, vehicle exhaust/cooking, coal combustion, and road/subway dust, using factor analysis. Almost 67% of the total trace element concentration resulted from soil dust. Soil dust contribution increased with the number of stores because of fugitive dust emissions due to an increase in passers-by. Vehicle exhaust/cooking contribution was higher when the entrances of the USDs were closed, whereas coal combustion contribution was higher when the entrances of the USDs were open. Although miscellanea and coal combustion contributions were 3.4% and 0.7%, respectively, among five elements with cancer risk, Cr and Ni were included in miscellanea, and Pb, Cd, and As were included in coal combustion. The excess cancer risk (ECR) was the highest at 67 × 10-6 for Cr, and the ECR for Pb was lower than 10-6, a goal of the United States Environmental Protection Agency for hazardous air pollutants.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos , Material Particulado , Oligoelementos , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Humanos , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Material Particulado/análise , Transtornos Respiratórios/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos Respiratórios/epidemiologia , Medição de Risco , Seul/epidemiologia , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversos , Oligoelementos/análiseRESUMO
Background Both elemental metals and particulate air pollution have been reported to influence adult blood pressure (BP). The aim of this study is to examine which elemental components of particle mass with diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) are responsible for previously reported associations between PM2.5 and neonatal BP. Methods and Results We studied 1131 mother-infant pairs in Project Viva, a Boston-area prebirth cohort. We measured systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) at a mean age of 30 hours. We calculated average exposures during the 2 to 7 days before birth for the PM2.5 components-aluminum, arsenic, bromine, sulfur, copper, iron, zinc, nickel, vanadium, titanium, magnesium, potassium, silicon, sodium, chlorine, calcium, and lead-measured at the Harvard supersite. Adjusting for covariates and PM2.5, we applied regression models to examine associations between PM2.5 components and median SBP and DBP, and used variable selection methods to select which components were more strongly associated with each BP outcome. We found consistent results with higher nickel associated with significantly higher SBP and DBP, and higher zinc associated with lower SBP and DBP. For an interquartile range increase in the log Z score (1.4) of nickel, we found a 1.78 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.72-2.84) increase in SBP and a 1.30 (95% CI, 0.54-2.06) increase in DBP. Increased zinc (interquartile range log Z score 1.2) was associated with decreased SBP (-1.29 mm Hg; 95% CI, -2.09 to -0.50) and DBP (-0.85 mm Hg; 95% CI: -1.42 to -0.29). Conclusions Our findings suggest that prenatal exposures to particulate matter components, and particularly nickel, may increase newborn BP.
Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Hipertensão , Níquel , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/estatística & dados numéricos , Correlação de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/etiologia , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Exposição Materna/efeitos adversos , Exposição Materna/prevenção & controle , Exposição Materna/estatística & dados numéricos , Troca Materno-Fetal , Níquel/efeitos adversos , Níquel/análise , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/diagnóstico , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/etiologia , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversos , Oligoelementos/análiseRESUMO
Fossil-fuel emissions may impact phytoplankton primary productivity and carbon cycling by supplying bioavailable Fe to remote areas of the ocean via atmospheric aerosols. However, this pathway has not been confirmed by field observations of anthropogenic Fe in seawater. Here we present high-resolution trace-metal concentrations across the North Pacific Ocean (158°W from 25°to 42°N). A dissolved Fe maximum was observed around 35°N, coincident with high dissolved Pb and Pb isotope ratios matching Asian industrial sources and confirming recent aerosol deposition. Iron-stable isotopes reveal in situ evidence of anthropogenic Fe in seawater, with low δ56Fe (-0.23 > δ56Fe > -0.65) observed in the region that is most influenced by aerosol deposition. An isotope mass balance suggests that anthropogenic Fe contributes 21-59% of dissolved Fe measured between 35° and 40°N. Thus, anthropogenic aerosol Fe is likely to be an important Fe source to the North Pacific Ocean.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Combustíveis Fósseis/efeitos adversos , Aerossóis/análise , Ásia , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Ferro/efeitos adversos , Isótopos de Ferro/efeitos adversos , Oceano Pacífico , Fitoplâncton/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoplâncton/metabolismo , Água do Mar/análise , Água do Mar/química , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: In this study, we investigate the effect of boron-containing compounds and oleoylethanolamide supplementation on the recovery trend in patients with COVID-19. TRIAL DESIGN: The current study is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with parallel groups. PARTICIPANTS: The inclusion criteria include male and female patients≥18 years of age, with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or antibody test and with written informed consent to participate in this trial. The exclusion criteria include regular use of any other supplement, severe and critical COVID-19 pneumonia, pregnancy and breastfeeding. This study is being conducted at Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Patients are randomly assigned to four groups. The first group (A) will take one capsule containing 5 mg of boron compounds twice a day for two weeks. The second group (B) will take one capsule containing 200 mg oleoylethanolamide twice a day for two weeks. The third group (C) will take one capsule containing 5 mg boron compounds with 200 mg oleoylethanolamide twice a day for two weeks, and the fourth group (D) does not receive any additional treatment other than routine treatments. Boron-containing compounds and oleoylethanolamide capsules will be synthesized at Nutrition Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. MAIN OUTCOMES: The primary end point of this study is to investigate the recovery rate of clinical symptoms, including fever, dry cough, and fatigue, as well as preclinical features, including complete blood count (CBC), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) profiles within two weeks of randomization. RANDOMISATION: Patients are randomized into four equal groups in a parallel design (allocation ratio 1:1). A randomized block procedure is used to divide subjects into one of four treatment blocks (A, B, C, and D) by a computer-generated allocation schedule. BLINDING (MASKING): The participants and investigators (enrolling, assessing, and analyzing) are blinded to the intervention assignments until the end of the study and data analysis. NUMBERS TO BE RANDOMISED (SAMPLE SIZE): The calculated total sample size is 40 patients, with 10 patients in each group. TRIAL STATUS: The protocol is Version 1.0, May 17, 2020. Recruitment began May 19, 2020, and is anticipated to be completed by October 19, 2020. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This clinical trial has been registered by the title of "Assessment of boron-containing compounds and oleoylethanolamide supplementation on the recovery trend in Patients with COVID-19: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial" in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT). The registration number is " IRCT20090609002017N35 ", https://www.irct.ir/trial/48058 . The registration date is 17 May 2020. FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol.
Assuntos
Compostos de Boro , Infecções por Coronavirus , Quimioterapia Combinada/métodos , Endocanabinoides , Ácidos Oleicos , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral , Administração Oral , Adulto , Betacoronavirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Betacoronavirus/isolamento & purificação , Compostos de Boro/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Boro/efeitos adversos , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Método Duplo-Cego , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Endocanabinoides/administração & dosagem , Endocanabinoides/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Masculino , Ácidos Oleicos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Oleicos/efeitos adversos , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Viral/tratamento farmacológico , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , SARS-CoV-2 , Oligoelementos/administração & dosagem , Oligoelementos/efeitos adversos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
AIMS: To investigate the healing process and nickel release of the Hyperion occluder (Comed BV, Netherlands), as compared to the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) (St. Jude Medical Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA) in a chronic swine model. BACKGROUND: Some long-term complications occurring after percutaneous atrial septal defect (ASD) closure may be partially associated with an inappropriate healing of the device and increased nickel release. There is no direct comparative study of different occluders for healing and nickel release. METHODS: After percutaneous ASD creation, 12 pigs were implanted with 15 mm Hyperion (n = 6) and 15 mm ASO (n = 6) devices. After 1 month (n = 3 for each device) and 3 months (n = 3 for each device) of follow-up, device explantation was performed and healing was assessed using histopathological workup. Systemic and tissular nickel release was performed. RESULTS: Implantation was successful in 100% without complications. Device coverage was observed as early as 1 month after implantation and was almost complete after 3 months. A granulation tissue with a predominantly mononuclear inflammatory reaction was observed in contact with nitinol wires while an inflammatory reaction was seen in contact with textile fibers. We found no statistically significant difference between the 2 devices whether for histological grading scores or systemic nickel release, regardless to follow-up duration. CONCLUSIONS: In this preclinical study, we demonstrated that Amplatzer septal occluder and Hyperion occluder were not significantly different for device healing and nickel release processes.