Apuntes históricos de la Federación Estudiantil Universitaria. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, primera parte / Historical notes on the University Students Federation in the Matanzas University of Medical Sciences. Part I

RESUMEN muy poco se conoce y apenas existe documentación sobre lo que la Federación Estudiantil Universitaria ha realizado en la provincia y en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Por ser tan importante esta temática como parte del rescate de la memoria histórica de la organización estudiantil, constituye un reto investigar y escribirla. Describir algunos apuntes históricos del inicio y desarrollo de la Federación Estudiantil Universitaria en la hoy Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, durante una primera etapa. Se describen algunos de los principales hechos vinculados al trabajo de los miembros de la Federación de Estudiantes Universitarios de las carreras de ciencias médicas de Matanzas, se recopiló información sobre sus dirigentes estudiantiles, eventos académicos, científicos, culturales, juegos deportivos, entre otros, desde los años iniciales de la educación médica superior en la provincia hasta el comienzo de la década del 90. La historia de la Federación de Estudiantes Universitarios, en la hoy Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, refleja el papel desempeñado por la organización, sus miembros y dirigentes, lo que la hace rejuvenecer cada año, con las nuevas generaciones que la integran (AU).

SUMMARY Very little is known and there is hardly any documentation on what the University Students Federation (FEU by its Spanish initialism) has done in the province and at Matanzas University of Medical Sciences. Because this theme is so important as part of the rescue of the historical memory of the student's organization, it is a challenge to investigate and write it. To provide some historical notes on the beginning and development of the University Student Federation in the current University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas, during a first stage. The authors described some of the main facts related to the work of the members of the University Students Federation of the medical sciences degree courses of Matanzas; they collected information about its student leaders, academic, scientific, cultural events, sports games, among others, from the initial years of higher medical education in the province until the beginning of the 90s.The history of the University Students Federation at Matanzas University of Medical Sciences mirrors the role played by the organization, its members and leaders, rejuvenating it every year, with the new generations joining it in (AU).

Community Health in Rural America During the Mid-20th Century.

The Council on Rural Health (1945-1975) of the American Medical Association (AMA) collaborated with domestic health care organizations in the mid-20th century to improve access to health care in rural areas. This council promoted health and farm safety education, public health measures, insurance plans, and construction of health facilities. It also lobbied state and county medical societies to form rural health committees. AMA archive materials document these activities and demonstrate physicians' involvement and investment in the communities they served.

Activism and human rights for people with mental disabilities in postcommunist Europe.

Disability activists emerged as an important influence over the first decade of the new millennium in postcommunist Central and Eastern Europe, a particularly critical time for progress in human rights and services for people with mental disabilities in that part of the world. An entrenched custodial institutional infrastructure existed for children and adults with mental disabilities in communist Central and Eastern Europe between the 1940s and the fall of communism in 1989. Activists who emerged in the subsequent postcommunist era faced multiple challenges and important new opportunities in their efforts to address human rights and quality of life for citizens with mental disabilities. Critical to their efforts were new civil society freedoms that allowed for the establishment of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), which had previously been prohibited. Those activists and NGOs tended to represent one of two distinct missions: Either a focus on human rights protection with a watch-dog function, or an emphasis on service-provision and community-based support. Across both types of activism and NGO missions, the goal to reduce the imposition of custodial institutional life on people with mental disabilities was a priority. In addition to the history of mental disability activism in postcommunist Central and Eastern Europe, this article addresses the implications for American psychologists involved in cross-cultural and international work in disability issues, and notes the challenges facing psychologists who are engaged in both activism and the profession. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Calling non-governmental organisations to strengthen primary health care: Lessons following Alma-Ata.

BACKGROUND: The Alma-Ata Declaration's commitment to primary health care (PHC) reaches its 40th anniversary in 2018. Over the last 40 years, the number of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) working in low-income countries (LICs) has rapidly multiplied, and over time, NGOs have both positively and negatively impacted equity, effectiveness, appropriateness and efficiency of PHC systems in LICs. AIM: The authors aim to demonstrate that at the 40th anniversary of the Alma-Ata Declaration's commitment to PHC, NGOs are particularly poised to strengthen PHC in LICs. METHODS: In this letter, the authors reflect on how NGOs have both positively and negatively impacted equity, effectiveness, appropriateness and efficiency of PHC systems based on their experience working with NGOs in LICs. RESULTS: NGOs are poised to strengthen PHC in LICs in four distinct ways: assisting with local human resources development, strengthening local information systems, enabling community-based health services and testing innovative service delivery projects. CONCLUSIONS: The authors call for NGOs to commit their expertise and resources to long-term strengthening of PHC in LICs and to critically examine the factors that prevent or assist them in this goal. As the principles of Alma-Ata are renewed, NGOs should be responsibly engaged in strengthening the declaration's goal of 'health for all'.

Un Premio Nobel para la medicina cubana / A Nobel Prize for Cuban medicine

El uso del condón es un método eficaz para prevenir enfermedades venéreas y un embarazo no deseado. Años atrás se puede apreciar cómo se debate dónde y cómo los llamados dispositivos intrauterinos fueron utilizados por primera vez. La siguiente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de explicar el surgimiento y la evolución del condón y otros métodos anticonceptivos, para ello se utilizaron un total de 15 referencias bibliográficas. Es indudable que la anticoncepción tiene que figurar como elemento básico de la atención en medicina, el conocimiento de sus orígenes, historia y evolución es fundamental...(AU)

The use of the condom is an effective method to prevent venereal diseases and an unwanted pregnancy. Years ago you can see how it is discussed where and how the so-called intrauterine devices were used for the first time. The following investigation was carried out with the objective of explaining the emergence and evolution of the condom and other contraceptive methods, for which a total of 15 bibliographical references were used. Undoubtedly, contraception must figure as a basic element of medical care, knowledge of its origins, history and evolution is fundamental...(AU)

The genealogy of death: A chronology of U.S. organizations promoting euthanasia and assisted suicide.

In the early 20th century, a political movement to secure access to euthanasia and assisted suicide began in the United States. The multitude of organizations associated with this effort has undergone an array of mergers, splits, and name changes, channeled through two progenitor organizations-the Euthanasia Society of America and the Hemlock Society. A few chronologies mapping the metamorphoses of these organizations are available, but they are not accessible in the medical literature. Moreover, they are not comprehensive, lack consistency, and are not rigorously validated. As debates about the legalization of euthanasia and assisted suicide continue, it is important to have a common understanding of the history behind these developments, including recognition of the factors driving these adaptations. In this paper, we offer a comprehensive and definitive history to aid those interested in knowing the roots of these organizations and those that are still active today.

Guía de acercamiento y negociación / Approach and negotiation guide

El presente documento, es una actualización del que se elaborara en el 2016. Bajo la premisa aportada por el Convenio 169, en el artículo 25 que establece que: "Los servicios de salud…deberán planearse y administrarse en cooperación con los pueblos interesados y tener en cuenta sus condiciones económicas, geográficas, sociales y culturales, así como sus métodos de prevención, prácticas curativas y medicamentos tradicionales." Por ello, el modelo presentado, establece que "toda acción que se planifica desde fuera de la comunidad, altera su camino normal y se constituyen en intervenciones que reconfigura su cultura, formas de vida y cosmopercepción. Es necesario reconsiderar que las comunidades saben vivir y desarrollarse desde sus realidades, y que las intervenciones constituirán acciones para apoyar sus procesos históricos, incluyendo las de salud. Y agrega que: "debe tomar en cuenta las condiciones económicas, geográficas sociales y culturales de los pueblos; este párrafo justifica plenamente del porqué la planeación y administración de los servicios deben darse en conjunto; por cuanto ellos son los que conocen sus propias necesidades, sus realidades, su cultura, su organización local y todo lo referente a la comunidad."

Comportamento organizacional e a armadilha da organização reificada / Organizational behavior and the reified organization pitfall

Neste ensaio argumentamos contra a tendência reificante de considerar a organização como uma coisa em si, nublando definitivamente as pessoas reais e as relações sociais que nela se estabelecem. Ao mesmo tempo, dada a necessidade do organizar e o crescente papel de mediação exercido pelas organizações na sociedade, reconhecemos que a compreensão dos fenômenos organizacionais é parte importante do esforço para compreender a própria sociedade. Nesse contexto de conhecimento e interesse, defendemos que a disciplina de Comportamento Organizacional está bem posicionada para essa tarefa e possui recursos para contrariar a tendência à reificação da organização. Mas isso não significa que essa disciplina esteja livre de armadilhas. Por isso, questionamos a centralidade da organização nesses mesmos estudos tanto em termos valorativos quanto em termos conceituais. No aspecto valorativo, discutimos a posição de vantagem que a organização goza frente aos indivíduos, particularmente frente aos trabalhadores. No aspecto conceitual, problematizamos a questão do ser da organização, ou pelo menos a ideia que dela se faz. Propomos, ao fim, a recuperação do trabalho como categoria central de análise dos fenômenos organizacionais como forma de superar a ameaça de uma teorização reificante.

In this essay, we argue against the reifying tendency of considering the organization as a thing-in-itself, shadowing the real people and the social relations that lays on it. At the same time, given the necessity of organizing and the increasing mediation role accomplished by organizations in society, we recognize that understanding the organizational phenomena is an important part of the effort to understand society itself. In this knowledge and interest context, we claim that the Organizational Behavior discipline is well positioned to this task and has the resources to counter the tendency to reify the organization. But this does not mean that the discipline is not prone to encounter some pitfalls. For this reason, we question the centrality of the organization in these same studies both in terms of value and concept. In the evaluative aspect, we discuss the privileged position that the organization enjoys vis-à-vis individuals, particularly workers. In the conceptual aspect, we problematize the question of the being of organization, or at least the idea of it. Finally, we propose the use of work as the central analytical category of organizational phenomena to overcome the threat of a reifying theoretical conception.

A Fine doctor.

I met Jonathan Fine for the first time in 2011. He was to travel back to Boston through Mumbai after a stint in Chattisgarh, where he had volunteered with Jan Swasthya Sahayog, the well-known rural hospital near Bilaspur. A friend suggested that since he was a doctor who had done pioneering work by setting up the renowned organisation Physicians for Human Rights, we should arrange a talk by him for medical students. A lecture was thus organised at my alma mater, the GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, where Jonathan spoke on "Why should doctors engage with human rights?" In his characteristic blunt style, rather than talk about his past, he exhorted the audience to visit Chattisgarh and see the severe inequities he had witnessed.

Acercamiento y negociación comunitaria: modelo incluyente en salud [MIS] / Community approach and negotiation: inclusive model in health [MIS]

Bajo la premisa aportada por el Convenio 169, en el artículo 25 que establece que: "Los servicios de salud…deberán planearse y administrarse en cooperación con los pueblos interesados y tener en cuenta sus condiciones económicas, geográficas, sociales y culturales, así como sus métodos de prevención, prácticas curativas y medicamentos tradicionales." Por ello, el modelo presentado, establece que "toda acción que se planifica desde fuera de la comunidad, altera su camino normal y se constituyen en intervenciones que reconfigura su cultura, formas de vida y cosmopercepción. Es necesario reconsiderar que las comunidades saben vivir y desarrollarse desde sus realidades, y que las intervenciones constituirán acciones para apoyar sus procesos históricos, incluyendo las de salud. Y agrega que: "debe tomar en cuenta las condiciones económicas, geográficas sociales y culturales de los pueblos; este párrafo justifica plenamente del porqué la planeación y administración de los servicios deben darse en conjunto; por cuanto ellos son los que conocen sus propias necesidades, sus realidades, su cultura, su organización local y todo lo referente a la comunidad."

Getting from then to now: Sustaining the Lesbian Herstory Archives as a lesbian organization.

This article is a compilation of six narratives written by collective members of the volunteer-run Lesbian Herstory Archives, the oldest and largest collection of lesbian material in the world. Narratives draw on a yearlong series of conversations, which culminated in a panel discussion at the 40th Anniversary celebration. Authors' narratives detail the significance of the Lesbian Herstory Archives as a successful and sustainable lesbian organization. Topics covered span four decades and include: the organization's history and practice, founding and activism, the acquisition of the current space, community engagement, and processing of special collections.

'We Were More Radical back then': Victoria's First Self-Advocacy Organisation for People with Intellectual Disability.

This article is concerned with exploring the historical development of Reinforce, the oldest self-advocacy organisation for people with intellectual disability in Victoria. In particular, it considers how governmental indifference, as well as ad hoc funding and support, has hindered the growth of the organisation and, more generally, the growth of the self-advocacy movement in Victoria. By obtaining a deeper understanding of the input from the policy makers, professionals, and supporters working in the field of intellectual disability, we can begin to comprehend some of the reasons for the comparatively slow development of self-advocacy in this country.

Social Security Policy and the Early Disability Movement--Expertise, Disability, and the Government, 1965-77.

In 1965, the Disablement Income Group launched its National Disability Income campaign to fight for equal treatment of disabled people in the British social security system. By 1977, a series of benefits were created to cover the general population. Yet, despite the obvious political significance of these developments, very little research has focused on the early pan-impairment disability non-governmental organization (NGO). Existing scholarship has come from one of two traditions: the 'poverty lobby' and NGO histories that focus on expert campaign groups; and disability studies which describes a teleological narrative of the development of disabled people's attempts to secure civil rights. This article contends that neither approach is satisfactory. The crossovers between these two historical approaches are necessary to understand how these groups operated and to appreciate their political significance. Using the archives of the Disablement Income Group, the Disability Alliance and the Royal Association for Disability and Rehabilitation, this article shows that the history of these NGOs is more nuanced than previously described. Similarly, the novelty and growing power of civil rights and poverty lobby campaigning should not be overstated. Through a specific analysis of the lobby in its social and political context, historians can find a clearer picture of how these groups operated and better analyse their significance.