Survey of the POSNA Membership Reveals Variability in Use of Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer for Recurrent Clubfoot.

PURPOSE: The aim of this project was to survey members of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) regarding the use of tibialis anterior tendon transfer (TATT) in the management of recurrent clubfoot with dynamic supination and no deformity. We aimed to assess which techniques for TATT are most utilized by pediatric orthopedists. As there has been no general consensus in the literature regarding best methods, we hypothesized that treatment methods would vary widely among POSNA members. METHODS: The online survey, designed using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) survey software, consisted of 15 initial questions, some of which had conditional follow-up questions that appeared if the respondent selected a specific answer choice, with a potential total of 22 questions. The survey was approved by the Evidence Based Practice Committee of POSNA and distributed to their 1,370 members. RESULTS: Only the responses of POSNA members who treated clubfoot and performed TATT were included in the analysis. The 228 survey respondents reached a consensus (75% agreement) on a small number of topics: use of the Ponseti treatment method for clubfoot (94%), transfer of the tibialis anterior tendon to the lateral cuneiform (77%), transfer of only the whole tibialis anterior tendon (79%), and the use of an ankle foot orthoses (94%) among those who reported using postoperative braces. However, the remaining survey questions revealed a marked amount of variability in the performance of TATT. CONCLUSIONS: Many of the questions garnered varied responses, which suggests differing opinions of POSNA members regarding how and when TATT should be performed for recurrent clubfoot with dynamic supination and no deformity. This is one of the first compilations of information about the treatment variations for TATT and may lead to further studies examining ways to standardize and optimize its use.

Comprehensive review of deep learning in orthopaedics: Applications, challenges, trustworthiness, and fusion.

Deep learning (DL) in orthopaedics has gained significant attention in recent years. Previous studies have shown that DL can be applied to a wide variety of orthopaedic tasks, including fracture detection, bone tumour diagnosis, implant recognition, and evaluation of osteoarthritis severity. The utilisation of DL is expected to increase, owing to its ability to present accurate diagnoses more efficiently than traditional methods in many scenarios. This reduces the time and cost of diagnosis for patients and orthopaedic surgeons. To our knowledge, no exclusive study has comprehensively reviewed all aspects of DL currently used in orthopaedic practice. This review addresses this knowledge gap using articles from Science Direct, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science between 2017 and 2023. The authors begin with the motivation for using DL in orthopaedics, including its ability to enhance diagnosis and treatment planning. The review then covers various applications of DL in orthopaedics, including fracture detection, detection of supraspinatus tears using MRI, osteoarthritis, prediction of types of arthroplasty implants, bone age assessment, and detection of joint-specific soft tissue disease. We also examine the challenges for implementing DL in orthopaedics, including the scarcity of data to train DL and the lack of interpretability, as well as possible solutions to these common pitfalls. Our work highlights the requirements to achieve trustworthiness in the outcomes generated by DL, including the need for accuracy, explainability, and fairness in the DL models. We pay particular attention to fusion techniques as one of the ways to increase trustworthiness, which have also been used to address the common multimodality in orthopaedics. Finally, we have reviewed the approval requirements set forth by the US Food and Drug Administration to enable the use of DL applications. As such, we aim to have this review function as a guide for researchers to develop a reliable DL application for orthopaedic tasks from scratch for use in the market.

Use of allograft bone matrix in clinical orthopedics.

Clinical orthopedics continuously aims to improve methods for bone formation. Clinical applications where bone formation is necessary include critical long bone defects in orthopedic trauma or tumor patients. Though some biomaterials combined with autologous stem cells significantly improve bone repair, critical-size damages are still challenged with the suitable implantation of biomaterials and donor cell survival. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is the fundamental structure in tissues that can nest and nourish resident cells as well as support specific functions of the tissue type. ECM also plays a role in cell signaling to promote bone growth, healing and turnover. In the last decade, the use of bone-derived ECMs or ECM-similar biomaterials have been widely investigated, including decellularized and demineralized bone ECM. In this article, we reviewed the current productions and applications of decellularized and demineralized bone matrices. We also introduce the current study of whole limb decellularization and recellularization.

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Non invasive techniques for direct muscle quality assessment after exercise intervention in older adults: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The aging process induces neural and morphological changes in the human musculoskeletal system, leading to a decline in muscle mass, strength and quality. These alterations, coupled with shifts in muscle metabolism, underscore the essential role of physical exercise in maintaining and improving muscle quality in older adults. Muscle quality's morphological domain encompasses direct assessments of muscle microscopic and macroscopic aspects of muscle architecture and composition. Various tools exist to estimate muscle quality, each with specific technical requirements. However, due to the heterogeneity in both the studied population and study methodologies, there is a gap in the establishment of reference standards to determine which are the non-invasive and direct tools to assess muscle quality after exercise interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to obtain an overview of the non-invasive tools used to measure muscle quality directly after exercise interventions in healthy older adults, as well as to assess the effects of exercise on muscle quality. MAIN TEXT: To address the imperative of understanding and optimizing muscle quality in aging individuals, this review provides an overview of non-invasive tools employed to measure muscle quality directly after exercise interventions in healthy older adults, along with an assessment of the effects of exercise on muscle quality. RESULTS: Thirty four studies were included. Several methods of direct muscle quality assessment were identified. Notably, 2 studies harnessed CT, 20 utilized US, 9 employed MRI, 2 opted for TMG, 2 adopted myotonometry, and 1 incorporated BIA, with several studies employing multiple tests. Exploring interventions, 26 studies focus on resistance exercise, 4 on aerobic training, and 5 on concurrent training. CONCLUSIONS: There is significant diversity in the methods of direct assessment of muscle quality, mainly using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging; and a consistent positive trend in exercise interventions, indicating their efficacy in improving or preserving muscle quality. However, the lack of standardized assessment criteria poses a challenge given the diversity within the studied population and variations in methodologies.. These data emphasize the need to standardize assessment criteria and underscore the potential benefits of exercise interventions aimed at optimizing muscle quality.

Telemedicine After COVID-19: Incorporating Virtual Visits Into Your Practice.

The use of telemedicine services within orthopaedics increased rapidly as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Telemedicine may improve access to care and save time and money for patients and clinicians; however, limitations such as technical issues and limited physical examination may reduce its widespread adoption. Virtual visits generally produce equivalent satisfaction and clinical outcomes compared with those performed in person. Although telemedicine has served many different roles within orthopaedic practices, its main utility is for patients who have to travel significant distances and for visits that do not require physical examination to determine a treatment plan. Several regulations govern the use of telemedicine. Most notably, clinicians must be licensed to practice medicine in the state in which the patient is located during the appointment. Although compliance issues remain a potential source of legal issues, experts cite misdiagnosis from limited physical examination as the most likely reason for medical liability. Clinicians should be familiar with techniques for virtual physical examination and should provide instruction to patients before the visit to optimize data obtained.

Revisión bibliográfica de resultados obtenidos utilizando la Técnica de Masquelet en lesiones complicadas con osteomielitis: a propósito de un caso clínico / Bibliographic review of results obtained using Masquelet's technique in complicated lesions with osteomyelitis: apropos of a clinical case

SUMMARY: The Masquelet technique or membrane induction is considered new in many ways, born under the need to seek therapeutic options in patients with extensive bone lesions. Since this technique was proposed, hopeful and reproducible results have been reported to different centers throughout the world. That is why in this work we seek to collect information from different authors and their case reports, in addition to presenting a case handled in the O'higgins region with this technique. OBJECTIVES: To review the literature regarding general results in bone consolidation in cases similar to the one exposed, in addition to exposing the Masquelet Technique as management in a patient with extensive bone loss, due to a firearm wound. METHODS: descriptive observational study, in addition to a systematic review in databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Elsevier, Cochrane and manually through the Internet in journals and public bodies. This work seeks to collect information from different authors and their case reports, in addition to delving into the technique itself, evaluating its indications, contraindications and protocol to follow. The patient's signature of an informed consent was requested, which is explicitly voluntary, in which he authorizes the review of his file, his background and the use of images and / or x-rays pertinent to the research. RESULTS: Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined to analyze the characteristics of the selected articles. We present the clinical case of a 27-year-old male patient who suffers high-energy injury by firearm in the middle third of the right leg with exposure and loss of musculoskeletal tissue of 12 cm in diameter, polyfragmentary fracture of the proximal third of tibia and fibula, initially damage control is performed which is complicated by presenting osteomyelitis in said limb. It is handled with Masquelet technique. The induction time was approximately 4 months, after the second surgical time the lesion is consolidated in three months showing results similar to the literature studied.

Tratamento funcional das fraturas de tornozelo Weber B com carga e mobilização imediatas / Functional treatment of Weber B ankle fractures with weight-bearing and immediate mobilization

Introdução: As fraturas do tornozelo são lesões comuns, apesar de ocorrer em todas as idades, são mais comuns entre homens jovens e mulheres idosas, constituem cerca de 9% de todas as fraturas, com uma incidência de 107 a 187 por 100.000 pessoas por ano. A abordagem de tratamento selecionada ocorrerá de acordo com as condições do paciente e a opção do médico de acordo com cada situação em específico. Objetivo: Avaliar o desfecho do tratamento não cirúrgico e funcional de pacientes com fraturas estáveis e sem desvio do maléolo lateral tipo Weber B, com carga e mobilização articular imediatas. Método: estudo retrospectivo de uma série de pacientes com fratura estável e sem desvio do maléolo lateral tipo Weber B, que foram tratados de forma não cirúrgica com carga e mobilização articular imediatas, de janeiro 2016 a julho 2022. Os pacientes dessa pesquisa foram provenientes do Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo e da Clínica de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Ortocity. Resultados: Os pacientes tinham idade média de 54,7 anos, diagnosticados após eventos traumáticos (quedas, acidentes, etc.) por meio de exames radiográficos, 50% da amostra com comorbidades, especialmente HAS, 73,3% com desvio de 1mm, mais de 50% com consolidação em até 8 semanas, mais de 60% retornaram às atividades normais em até 16 semanas, as complicações ocorreram em aproximadamente 70% da amostra, porém todas leves e sem necessidade de nova abordagem de tratamento posterior. Conclusão: Nesse sentido, pode-se afirmar que a abordagem conservadora associado à mobilização e carga imediatas formam uma alternativa viável de tratamento, com bons resultados de recuperação funcional, semelhantes aos pacientes tratados por abordagens cirúrgicas, conforme a literatura levantada para este estudo. Palavras-chave: Fratura de tornozelo. Abordagem conservadora. Weber B. Resultados funcionais.

Hiperqueratosis plantar / Plantar hyperkeratosis

RESUMEN La hiperqueratosis es un trastorno caracterizado por el engrosamiento de la capa externa de la piel, que está compuesta de queratina, una fuerte proteína protectora. Puede ser causada por fricción, conllevando la aparición de callosidades, inflamación crónica, eccema o trastornos genéticos, como la ictiosis ligada al cromosoma X. Se presentó el caso de un paciente de 47 años, que acudió al Servicio de Ortopedia por lesión escamosa a nivel de ambas regiones plantares con dificultad para la marcha. El tratamiento quirúrgico fue el empleado en este paciente para la obtención de la biopsia exerética. La evolución fue favorable en el postoperatorio mediato e inmediato, y el paciente se incorporó de forma rápida a su vida normal. Con este caso se identificaron las características clínicas de la hiperqueratosis plantar, así como el uso de la biopsia exerética como estándar de oro para el diagnóstico positivo en los tumores periféricos. Un diagnóstico adecuado por el médico inicial, la interrelación del Servicio de Ortopedia con la consulta de tumores periféricos, y el tratamiento quirúrgico seleccionado, constituyen factores determinantes en la evolución favorable de los pacientes con este diagnóstico (AU).

ABSTRACT Hyperkeratosis is a disorder characterized by thickening of the outer layer of the skin, which is composed of keratin, a strong protective protein. It can be caused by friction, leading to callosities, chronic inflammation, eczema or genetic disorders such as X chromosome-linked ichthyosis. We presented the case of a patient, aged 47 years, who attended the Orthopedic Service for scaly lesion at the level of both plantar regions with difficulties to walk. Surgical treatment was used in this patient to obtain an exeretic biopsy. The evolution was favorable in both the mediate and immediate postoperative period, and the patient quickly returned to his normal life. This case identified the clinical characteristics of plantar hyperkeratosis and the use of exeretic biopsy as a gold standard for positive diagnosis in the peripheral tumors. An adequate diagnosis by the initial physician, the interrelation of the orthopedic service with the consultation of peripheral tumors, and the chosen surgical treatment are determining factors in the favorable evolution of patients with this diagnosis (AU).

Ortopedia prequirúrgica en el tratamiento de pacientes con fisura labio y paladar / Presurgical orthopedics in the treatment of patients with cleft lip and palate

RESUMEN: Introducción: Dentro del tratamiento estándar de los pacientes con fisura labio-máxilo-palatinas se encuentra la ortopedia prequirúrgica. Esta se realiza con el objetivo de modular la posición, alineación y estabilización de los segmentos maxilares previo a la primera cirugía. Pese a que es ampliamente utilizada, su efectividad es controversial. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Se extrajeron los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, se analizaron los datos de los estudios primarios, posteriormente se realizó un metaanálisis y se preparó una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Resultados y Conclusiones: Se identificaron 14 revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron 57 estudios primarios, de los cuales, cinco corresponden a ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Concluimos que no es posible establecer con claridad si la ortopedia prequirúrgica mejora o perjudica la morfología maxilar, debido a que la certeza de la evidencia ha sido evaluada como muy baja. Por su parte, la ortopedia prequirúrgica podría resultar en poca o nula diferencia en el crecimiento y desarrollo facial, las alteraciones oclusales, la satisfacción parental, la alimentación, el habla y la apariencia facial y nasolabial, pero la certeza de la evidencia es baja.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Within the standard treatment of patients with labio-maxillo-palatal cleft is presurgical orthopedics. This procedure seeks to modulate the position, alignment and stabilization of the maxillary segments prior to the first surgery. Although it is widely used, its effectiveness is currently controversial. Methods: We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. Results and conclusions: We identified 14 systematic reviews that included 57 primary studies, five of which correspond to randomized trials. We conclude that it is uncertain whether presurgical orthopedics improves or deteriorates maxillary morphology, because the certainty of the evidence has been very low. On the other hand, presurgical orthopedics may make little or no difference to facial growth and development, occlusal alterations, parental satisfaction, feeding, speech, and facial and nasolabial appearance, but the certainty of the evidence is low.

Tratamiento del Fisurado Labio Alvéolo Palatino (FLAP): casos clínicos y tratamiento interdisciplinario / Treatment of the cleft lip and palate (CLP) patient: case reports and interdisciplinary treatment

Objetivo: Describir el plan de tratamiento completo para el manejo de pacientes con fisura labio alvéolo palatina (F.L.A.P.), basado en nuestra experiencia clínica de más de 40 años. Casos clínicos: En nuestro protocolo consideramos fundamental el tratamiento ortopédico, teniendo en cuenta los tiempos de crecimiento y desarrollo del maxilar superior de cada paciente, para luego aplicar las técnicas quirúrgicas en un maxilar armónico, con un éxito más predecible. Se describirá una serie de casos clínicos con seguimiento de pacientes. Conclusión: Con este protocolo que pregonamos desde hace muchos años, nos diferenciamos principalmente de otras propuestas por considerar los tiempos biológicos de cada paciente en cuanto a crecimiento y desarrollo, y no por basarnos en tiempos quirúrgicos preestablecidos. Aplicando este protocolo obtenemos resultados predecibles que entendemos que solo son posibles de evaluar, al realizar el seguimiento del paciente hasta completar su desarrollo (AU)

Objective: To describe the comprehensive treatment plan aimed at managing patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) on the basis of our more than forty years of clinical experience. Case reports: e orthopedic treatment is deemed fundamental in the present protocol, which takes into account the maxilla growth and development periods of each individual patient, to later perform a surgical technique in a harmonized maxilla, with a more predictable success. Clinical cases with the patient follow-up shall be described. Conclusion: e main difference between the present protocol that has been held for many years and others proposed approaches mainly lies in considering the unique growth and developmental biological stages of each patient and not in drawing on pre-established surgical timing. When applying this protocol, predictable results are achieved and they are only meant possible to be assessed during the thorough patient follow-up (AU)

Melanoma subungueal: un reto diagnóstico para los médicos / Subungual melanoma: a diagnostic challenge for doctors

El melanoma subungueal es un subgrupo del melanoma acral lentiginoso. Con frecuencia se diagnostica en etapa avanzada, dada la escasez de síntomas; de ahí que la evaluación y el tratamiento oportuno mejoran el pronóstico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 44 años de edad, que acude a consulta de Ortopedia con melanoniquia de tres meses de evolución. Había sido tratado en la atención primaria de salud por un hematoma secundario a un trauma directo sobre la falange distal del primer artejo del pie izquierdo. Fue seguido por consulta externa de Ortopedia y, al no experimentar una evolución adecuada, fue evaluado por la Comisión Provincial de Tumores Periféricos. Se le realizó una biopsia por punch (sacabocado), que arrojó el resultado de melanoma subungueal. Se realizó la amputación del primer artejo y del proximal del primer metatarsiano, una vez verificada la no existencia de lesiones metastásicas, con excelente resultado estético y funcional, sin mostrar recidiva en su seguimiento, a dos años de su intervención(AU)

Subungual melanoma is a subgroup of lentiginous acral melanoma. It is often diagnosed in an advanced stage by a shortage of symptoms, so timely evaluation and treatment improve prognosis. This is the case of a 44-year-old patient who goes to orthopedics with melanonichia 3 months of evolution. He had been treated for a bruise secondary to direct trauma to the distal phalanx of the first left foot ailre in primary health care. It was followed by external orthopedic consultation and by not following an adequate evolution was evaluated by the provincial commission of peripheral tumors. He was given a punch biopsy resulting in a subungual melanoma. The amputation of the first artejo and proximal first metatarsal was carried out, once verified the non-existence of metastatic lesions, with excellent aesthetic and functional result, without showing relapse in its follow-up to two years(AU)

Control de daños ortopédicos en pacientes politraumatizados pediátricos. Hospital Pediátrico "Eliseo Noel Caamaño" / Control of orthopedic damages in pediatric politraumatized patients. Pediatric Hospital "Eliseo Noel Caamaño"

RESUMEN Introducción: el control de daños en Ortopedia es aplazar la reparación definitiva de lesiones traumáticas, con el objetivo de la recuperación fisiológica deteriorada por lesiones y/o complicaciones que pueden poner en peligro la vida, realizando entonces procedimientos quirúrgicos sencillos, como una estabilización quirúrgica externa de las fracturas. Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento del control de daños ortopédicos en politraumatizados pediátricos. Materiales y método: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte transversal, de enero del 2015 a diciembre del 2018. El universo estuvo constituido por 22 pacientes menores de 19 años de edad, politraumatizados en el período; la muestra por 15 pacientes, a los que se les aplicó control de daños ortopédicos, según criterios de selección. Resultados: se aplicó control de daños ortopédicos a 15 infantes. El más afectado fue el sexo masculino con el 73,3 %. Prevalecieron los traumatismos de los miembros inferiores con el 58,3 % y las fracturas cerradas con un 53,8 %. La osteomielitis crónica fue la complicación que predominó, en el 20 % de la muestra. En el 73,3 % de los casos se evaluó como satisfactoria la aplicación del control de daños ortopédicos en los politraumatizados. Conclusiones: a la totalidad de los traumatizados se le aplicó control de daños ortopédicos. Predominó el sexo masculino y el grupo de edad de 9 -14 años. Los miembros inferiores aportan la mayor cantidad con el fémur y la tibia. El control de daños ortopédicos se evaluó satisfactoriamente en la mayoría de los pacientes estudiados (AU).

ABSTRAC Introduction: the control of damages in Orthopedics is to postpone the definitive repair of traumatic lesions, with the objective of the physiologic recovery deteriorated by lesions and/or complications that can put in danger the life, carrying out simple surgical procedures, like an external surgical stabilization of the fractures at that time. . Objective: to determine the behavior of the orthopedic damage control in pediatric politraumatized patients. Material and method: a cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive, observational study was carried out from January 2015 to December 2018. The universe was formed by 22 patients younger than 19 years politraumatized in the period and the sample formed 15 patients; they underwent orthopedic damage control, according to the selection criteria. Results: the orthopedic damage control, was applied to 15 children. Male sex was the most affected one. Trauma in the lower limbs with 58.3 % and closed fractures with 53.8 prevailed. The predominating complication was chronic poliomyelitis in 20 % of the sample. The orthopedic damage control in politraumatized patients was assessed as successful in 73.3 % of the cases. Conclusions: the orthopedic damage control was applied to the total of traumatized patients. The male sex and the 9-14 years-old age group predominated. Lower limbs contributed with the biggest quantity of trauma, in femur and tibia. The orthopedic damage control was assessed as successful in most of studied patients (AU).

La vertical verdadera al punto A´(blando), al Pg´(blando), al Labrale superior y al Labrale inferior en posición ideal asistida de la cabeza (PIAC) / The true vertical from point A´(soft), to Pg´ (soft), to superior Labrale and inferior Labrale in Ideal Assisted Head Position (PIAC)

El 81,3% de una encuesta realizada a 96 ortodoncistas y ortopedistas calificados y técnicos radiólogos consultados informan que ubican la cabeza del paciente en una posición ideal, subjetiva del profesional instruido que lo asiste, ya que muchas de sus fotografías y telerradiografías no son posiciones naturales de la cabeza genuinas. Se ha utilizado la vertical verdadera como parámetro para mediciones, todas angulares, para definir la disposición ánteroposterior del punto A´ (de construcción) para el cuerpo del labio superior, el punto Pg´para el mentón, el Labrale superior y el Labrale inferior para el bermellón de cada labio, con la finalidad de planificar correcciones ortopédicas, ortodóncicas u ortodóncicas-quirúrgicas de acuerdo a la anomalía detectada (AU)

A biomechanical study on proximal junctional kyphosis following long-segment posterior spinal fusion

Posterior long-segment spinal fusion may lead to proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK). The present study sought to identify the appropriate fusion levels required in order to prevent PJK using finite element analysis. A finite element model was constructed based on the whole-spine computed tomography findings of a healthy adult. Nine commonly used posterior spinal fusion methods were selected. Stress on the annulus fibrosis fibers, the posterior ligamentous complex, and the vertebrae after various spinal fusions in the upright position were compared. This study was divided into two groups: non-fusion and fusion. In the former, the stress between the T10 and the upper thoracic vertebrae was higher. Comparing thoracic and lumbar segments in the fusion group, the peak stress values of the upper instrumented vertebrae (UIV) were mainly observed in T2 and L2 whilst those of the UIV+1 were observed in T10 and L2. After normalization, the peak stress values of the UIV and UIV+1 were located in T2 and L2. Similarly, the peak stress values of the annulus fibrosus at the upper adjacent level were on T10 and L2 after normalization. However, the peak stress values of the interspinal/supraspinal complex forces were concentrated on T11, T12, and L1 after normalization whilst the peak stress value of the pedicle screw was on T2. Controversy remains over the fusion of T10, and this study simulated testing conditions with gravitational loading only. However, further assessment is needed prior to reaching definitive conclusions.

Caracterización de trauma por accidente en motocicleta, pacientes del Hospital de Lempira. Primer semestre 2016 / Characterization of trauma by accident in motorcycles, Patients from Hospital of Lempira at first

Cada año muchos hondureños mueren a causa de accidentes por motocicleta. En el 2015 fallecieron 259 personas a nivel nacio- nal. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas-traumatológicas y región anatómica con mayores lesiones provocadas por trauma debido a accidente en motocicleta, pacientes adultos del Hospital Juan Manuel Gálvez en el primer semestre de 2016. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, se aplicó instrumento de recolección de datos (cuestionario) a pacientes hospitalizados por trauma por motocicleta de enero a junio de 2016; la población/muestra de 59 pacientes. Resul- tados: 50 (84.7%) casos fueron hombres y 9 (15.3%) mujeres, con edad promedio de 29.6 años. 16 (27%) pacientes afirmó haber con- sumido alcohol previo al accidente. Se manejó quirúrgicamente 21 (35%) pacientes, las cirugías ortopédicas representaron 87%. El promedio de hospitalización de los pacien- tes quirúrgicos fue mayor de 4 días. La mor- talidad fueron 2 casos (3.4%), provocado por trauma cráneo encefálico (TEC). Los tipos de traumas fueron: osteomuscular (37.3%), TEC (34%), politraumatismo (13.5%), contu- siones (6.8%), traumas faciales (3.4%) y traumas torácicos (5%). Conclusiones: Los hombres en edad reproductivas representa- ron el mayor número de casos. La región anatómica más lesionada fue osteomuscu- lar, sin embargo la mortalidad fue mínima. Las lesiones osteomusculares ameritaron manejo quirúrgicos en su mayoría. Siendo un problema de importancia socioeconómica y de salud local..(AU)

Topical vs. intravenous administration of tranexamic acid in knee arthroplasty and prevalence of deep venous thrombosis: a randomized clinical trial / Uso tópico versus intravenoso de ácido tranexâmico na artroplastia de joelho e prevalência de trombose venosa profunda: estudo clínico randomizado

BACKGROUND: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is widely used in orthopedic surgery to reduce perioperative bleeding. Since TXA inhibits fibrinolysis, there is concern that it may increase the risk of thromboembolic events. OBJECTIVES: To verify the prevalence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients receiving TXA during total knee arthroplasty and to compare topical with intravenous administration of the drug. METHODS: All patients admitted for total knee arthroplasty due to primary arthrosis between June and November of 2014 were recruited consecutively. Thirty patients were randomized to a "topical group&" (1.5 g TXA diluted in 50ml saline sprayed over the area operated, before tourniquet release), 30 to an intravenous; (20mg/kg TXA in 100 ml of saline, given at the same time as anesthesia), and 30 to a control group (100 ml of saline, given at the same time as anesthesia). All patients had duplex ultrasound scans of the legs on the 15th postoperative day. RESULTS: Deep venous thrombosis events occurred in five of the 90 patients operated (one out of 30 in the topical group [3.3%], four out of 30 in the control group [13.3%], and zero in the intravenous group). All were confirmed by duplex ultrasound scans and all were asymptomatic. Prevalence rates of DVT were similar between groups (p = 0.112 for control vs. intravenous; p = 0.353 for control vs. topical; and p =1.000 for intravenous vs. topical, according to two-sided exact tests). CONCLUSIONS: Both topical and intravenous administration of TXA are safe with regard to occurrence of DVT, since the number of DVT cases in patients given TXA was not different to the number in those given placebo.

CONTEXTO: O ácido tranexâmico é amplamente utilizado em cirurgia ortopédica para reduzir a hemorragia perioperatória. Como o ácido tranexâmico inibe a fibrinólise, há uma preocupação de que ele possa aumentar o risco de eventos tromboembólicos. OBJETIVOS: Verificar se o uso do ácido tranexâmico é seguro em relação à prevalência de trombose venosa profunda em pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho, e comparar as administrações tópica e intravenosa desse medicamento. MÉTODOS: Todos os pacientes consecutivamente admitidos para artroplastia total do joelho devido a artrose primária entre junho e novembro de 2014 foram recrutados. Os pacientes foram randomizados em um "grupo tópico" (1,5 g de ácido tranexâmico diluído em 50 ml de solução salina cobrindo toda a área operada antes de liberar o torniquete), um "grupo intravenoso" (20 mg/kg de ácido tranexâmico em 100 ml de solução salina no momento da anestesia) e um "grupo controle" (100 ml de solução salina com a anestesia). No 15º dia de pós-operatório, todos os pacientes foram submetidos a ultrassonografia vascular com Doppler de membros inferiores, independentemente de sintomas. RESULTADOS: Dos 90 pacientes operados, apenas cinco apresentaram trombose venosa profunda (um no grupo tópico e quatro no grupo controle). CONCLUSÕES: Tanto a administração tópica quanto a intravenosa de ácido tranexâmico são seguras em termos de ocorrência de trombose venosa profunda, pois o número de casos de trombose venosa profunda foi semelhante quando comparamos os pacientes que receberam ácido tranexâmico e os que receberam placebo. Novos estudos, com amostras maiores, são necessários para confirmar esse achado.

Cirugía asistida por computador en tumores óseos: principios generales / Computer assisted surgery in bone tumours: general principles

La mayoría de los tumores óseos primarios pueden ser tratados mediante una resección amplia —muchas veces asociada a terapias adyuvantes— sin comprometer la sobrevida del paciente. La posibilidad de una resección conservadora depende de la localización y tamaño del tumor y de las partes blandas circundantes. Una cuidadosa evaluación de estudios imagenológicos permite al cirujano elaborar un plan quirúrgico que permita una resección con márgenes adecuados, al mismo tiempo que conservar la mayor cantidad de tejido sano, de modo de obtener una extremidad funcional. A veces, la ejecución quirúrgica de lo planeado se hace muy difícil, y la precisión de esta puede resultar afectada. La cirugía guiada por computador se ha constituido en una herramienta útil en estas situaciones. Está basada en la creación de un plan virtual en 3 dimensiones mediante el procesamiento de imágenes de tomografía computada (TC) y resonancia nuclear magnética (RNM). Este plan puede ser reproducido en el escenario quirúrgico mediante la correspondencia entre este escenario virtual y la anatomía real del paciente. Esta tecnología puede permitir una mayor precisión en la ejecución de osteotomías en zonas difíciles como la pelvis, minimizando la resección innecesaria de tejido sano, pero manteniendo un margen oncológico adecuado. Describiremos los principios y el razonamiento que fundamentan el uso de la cirugía guiada por computador en la cirugía de tumores óseos, la cual se ha constituido en una herramienta útil para el manejo de situaciones clínicas específicas...

The majority of primary bone tumours can be effectively treated with wide resection —frequently associated with adjuvant therapy— without compromising the outcome of the patient. The feasibility of limb-sparing surgery in a particular scenario is dependent on the location and size of the tumour, as well as the involvement of the host bone and surrounding soft tissues. Careful evaluation of imaging studies allows the surgeon to plan the resection with adequate margins, while preserving as much normal tissues as possible, in order to achieve a functional limb. At times, the surgical execution of what was planned as resection becomes very difficult, and precision may be less than optimal. Computer-guided surgery has become a useful tool in these situations. It is based on the creation of a three-dimensional virtual plan by means of image processing from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MRI) of the clinical situation. This plan is reproduced in the surgical field by means of the interaction between this virtual scenario and the actual anatomy of the patient. This technology could allow better precision in the execution of osteotomies in difficult areas, such as the pelvis, minimising unnecessary resection of normal tissue, while maintaining wide margins. A description is presented of the principles and rationale of computer-guided surgery for bone tumours, which has become a useful tool for the management of selected clinical situations...

Análise das propriedades psicométricas do American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Score (Aofas) em pacientes com artrite reumatoide: aplicação do modelo Rasch / Analysis of the psychometric properties of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS) in rheumatoid arthritis patients: application of the Rasch model

Resumo Objetivo: Testar a confiabilidade e a validade do escore Aofas em uma amostra de pacientes com artrite reumatoide. Métodos: A escala foi aplicada a pacientes com artrite reumatoide, duas vezes pelo entrevistador 1 e uma vez pelo entrevistador 2. O Aofas foi submetido a exame de confiabilidade teste-reteste (com 20 indivíduos com artrite reumatoide). As propriedades psicométricas foram investigadas pela análise Rasch em 33 pacientes com artrite reumatoide. Resultados: O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) foi de 0,90 < CCI < 0,95 (p < 0,001) para a confiabilidade intraexaminador e 0,75 < CCI < 0,91 (p < 0,001) para a confiabilidade interexaminador. O índice de separação dos indivíduos foi de 1,9 e 4,75 para os itens. Isso demonstra que os pacientes se dividiam em três níveis de habilidade e os itens foram divididos em seis níveis de dificuldades. A análise Rasch mostrou que oito itens foram satisfatórios. Foi identificado um item errôneo, que mostrou percentuais acima dos 5% permitidos pelo modelo estatístico. Além disso, o modelo Rasch sugeriu a revisão do item 8 original. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que a versão brasileira do Aofas apresenta confiabilidade adequada, validade de constructo e estabilidade de resposta. Esses resultados indicam que a escala de tornozelo-retropé Aofas apresenta um potencial significativo de aplicabilidade clínica em indivíduos com artrite reumatoide. Outros estudos em populações com outras características já estão em andamento.

Abstract Objective: To tested the reliability and validity of Aofas in a sample of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Methods: The scale was applicable to rheumatoid arthritis patients, twice by the interviewer 1 and once by the interviewer 2. The Aofas was subjected to test-retest reliability analysis (with 20 Rheumatoid arthritis subjects). The psychometric properties were investigated using Rasch analysis on 33 Rheumatoid arthritis patients. Results: Intra-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were (0.90 < ICC < 0.95; p < 0.001) for intra-observer reliability and (0.75 < ICC < 0.91; p < 0.001) for inter-observer reliability. Subjects separation rates were 1.9 and 4.75 for the items, showing that patients fell into three ability levels, and the items were divided into six difficulties levels. The Rasch analysis showed that eight items was satisfactory. One erroneous item have been identified, showing percentages above the 5% allowed by the statistical model. Further Rasch modeling suggested revising the original item 8. Conclusions: The results suggest that the Brazilian versions of Aofas exhibit adequate reliability, construct validity, response stability. These findings indicate that Aofas Ankle-Hindfoot scale presents a significant potential for clinical applicability in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Other studies in populations with other characteristics are now underway.

Concordância intra e interobservadores do sistema de classificação AO para fraturas dos ossos longos na população pediátrica / Intra and interobserver concordance of the AO classification system for fractures of the long bones in the pediatric population

A classificação AO para fraturas dos ossos longos na população pediátrica foi desen volvida e validada em 2006. Entretanto, a complexidade desse sistema tem limitado o seu uso na prática clínica. Poucos estudos na literatura avaliam sua reprodutibilidade e aplicabi lidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a concordância intra e interobservadores com o uso do sistema de classificação AO pediátrica entre médicos de diferentes níveis de experiência. Métodos: Após a feitura do cálculo amostral, foram selecionadas 108 radiografias consecuti vas de fraturas de ossos longos de pacientes de 0-16 anos, provenientes do arquivo digital de um hospital de nível quaternário. As radiografias foram classificadas por cinco examina dores com diferentes níveis de experiência após uma explicação prévia sobre o sistema. Foi mostrada uma planilha que continha as imagens da classificação para consulta. As avaliações foram feitas em dois momentos distintos por cada observador. O índice Kappa de Fleiss foi usado para verificar a concordância intra e interobservadores. Resultados: Foram obtidas concordâncias intraobservadores no mínimo substanciais em todos os itens da classificação, alcançaram níveis excelentes por todos os observadores em cinco dos sete itens considerados. A avaliação interobservadores apresentou níveis de concordância excelentes em dois itens, substancial em dois itens, moderada a substancial em um item e pobre a moderada em um dos itens. Não se observou influência da experi ência do observador na obtenção de maiores ou menores níveis de concordância, intra ou interobservadores. Conclusões: Neste estudo, a concordância intra e interobservadores foi considerada boa ou excelente para o sistema de classificação AO pediátrico para os parâmetros: osso, seg mento, osso pareado, subsegmento, padrão e desvio. No entanto, a concordância intra e interobservadores foi estatisticamente insatisfatória no parâmetro gravidade/lado da avulsão. Os níveis de concordância obtidos independem da experiência do observador em ortopedia pediátrica.

The AO classification for fractures of the long bones in the pediatric population was developed and validated in 2006. However, the complexity of this system has limited its use in clinical practice and few studies in the literature have evaluated its reproducibility and applicability. The present study had the objective of determining the intra and interobserver agreement using the pediatric AO system, among physicians with different levels of experience. METHODS: After making the sample calculation, 108 consecutive radiographs on long-bone fractures in patients aged 0-16 years, coming from the digital files of the quaternary-level hospital, were selected. The radiographs were classified by five examiners with different levels of experience after prior explanations about the system. A chart containing images from the classification was made available for consultation. The evaluations were made at two different times by each observer. The Fleiss kappa index was used to ascertain the intra and interobserver agreement. RESULTS: Intraobserver agreement that was at least substantial was obtained for all the items of the classification and it reached excellent levels for all observers in relation to five of the seven items considered. The interobserver evaluation presented excellent levels of agreement in two items, substantial in two items, moderate to substantial in one item and poor to moderate in one item. No influence from the observer's experience was observed with regard to obtaining higher or lower levels of agreement, either in the intraobserver or in the interobserver evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the intra and interobserver agreement was considered to be good or excellent for the pediatric AO classification system, for the parameters of bone, segment, paired bone, subsegment, standard and deviation. However, the intra and interobserver agreement was statistically unsatisfactory for the parameter of severity/side of avulsion. The levels of agreement obtained did not depend on the observer's level of experience within pediatric orthopedics.