Association of Obesity With Health Literacy and Weight Perception Among Women Merchants in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: In Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire's largest city, obesity rates among women are increasing, posing a major health challenge, especially for the working generation. Merchants represent 64.3% of working women and are a typical occupation for women with low- and middle-income. Health literacy is used to prevent and overcome chronic diseases and can be used as anti-obesity measures. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between obesity, health literacy, and weight perception among women merchants in Abidjan. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we conducted a complete enumeration survey among women merchants in a market in Abidjan from December 2020 to December 2021. In addition to anthropometric measurements, structured face-to-face interviews were conducted. The participants were asked about their weight perception, weight management behaviors, and sociodemographic attributes. They also responded to the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Data were tabulated using descriptive statistics, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine obesity's association with HLQ scales, weight perception, and weight management behaviors. KEY RESULTS: Of the 873 participants, 259 (29.7%) were obese; 82% of them underestimated their weight. Obesity was associated with a higher rate of HLQ1 (Feeling understood and supported by health care providers) (odds ratio [OR] = 2.926, confidence interval [CI]:1.450-5.901, p = .03), a lower score of HLQ3 (Actively managing my health) (OR = 0.343, CI:0.165-0.716, p = 0.004), a lower rate of accurate weight perception (OR = 0.145, CI: 0.093-0.224, p < .001), and a lower rate of eating at least three meals per day (OR = 0.401, CI:0.260-0.617, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study of Abidjan women merchants include obese participants' lack of a proactive attitude toward personal health management, and the association of factors such as inaccurate weight perception and eating fewer than three meals per day with obesity. These finding have important implications for future anti-obesity measures. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2024;8(2):e102-e112.].

PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: We found the relationship between obesity and health literacy among women merchants, Abidjan in Côte d'Ivoire. The results showed that participants with obesity lacked proactive attitude toward personal health management among health literacy skills. Anti-obesity measures in Abidjan need to incorporate this aspect of the health literacy skills.

Unveiling the invisible: receivers use object weight cues for grip force planning in handover actions.

Handover actions are part of our daily lives. Whether it is the milk carton at the breakfast table or tickets at the box office, we usually perform these joint actions without much conscious attention. The individual actions involved in handovers, that have already been studied intensively at the level of individual actions, are grasping, lifting, and transporting objects. Depending on the object's properties, actors must plan their execution in order to ensure smooth and efficient object transfer. Therefore, anticipatory grip force scaling is crucial. Grip forces are planned in anticipation using weight estimates based on experience or visual cues. This study aimed to investigate whether receivers are able to correctly estimate object weight by observing the giver's kinematics. For this purpose, handover actions were performed with 20 dyads, manipulating the participant role (giver/receiver) and varying the size and weight of the object. Due to the random presentation of the object weight and the absence of visual cues, the participants were unaware of the object weight from trial to trial. Kinematics were recorded with a motion tracking system and grip forces were recorded with customized test objects. Peak grip force rates were used as a measure of anticipated object weight. Results showed that receiver kinematics are significantly affected by object weight. The peak grip force rates showed that receivers anticipate object weight, but givers not. This supports the hypothesis that receivers obtain information about the object weight by observing giver's kinematics and integrating this information into their own action execution.

The (Un)ideal Physicist: How Humans Rely on Object Interaction for Friction Estimates.

To estimate object properties such as mass or friction, our brain relies on visual information to efficiently compute approximations. The role of sensorimotor feedback, however, is not well understood. Here we tested healthy adults (N = 79) in an inclined-plane problem, that is, how much a plane can be tilted before an object starts to slide, and contrasted the interaction group with observation groups who accessed involved forces by watching objects being manipulated. We created objects of different masses and levels of friction and asked participants to estimate the critical tilt angle after pushing an object, lifting it, or both. Estimates correlated with applied forces and were biased toward object mass, with higher estimates for heavier objects. Our findings highlight that inferences about physical object properties are tightly linked to the human sensorimotor system and that humans integrate sensorimotor information even at the risk of nonveridical perceptual estimates.

Association between body weight perception and actual body mass index among adult women in Erbil city, Iraq.

BACKGROUND: The misperception of body weight can significantly affect individuals' health behaviors, such as physical activity, diet, and weight management. This study aimed to examine the association between body weight perception and actual body mass index (BMI) among adult women and explore the factors influencing this relationship. METHODS: Five hundred forty female individuals aged 18-65 participated in this cross-sectional study. The validated Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was used for data collection. The BMI of the participants was calculated from measured body weight and height. Body weight perception was assessed using a single questionnaire item. The association of BMI and body weight perception was assessed, and the result was categorized as underestimation, consistency, and overestimation. The Chi-square test was used to assess the association between the consistency of BMI and body weight perception by different sociodemographic factors. The kappa test was used to analyze the consistency of BMI and body weight perception. RESULTS: Of the 540 participants, 13.3% underestimated their body weight status, 79.1% accurately perceived their body weight status, and 7.6% overestimated their body weight status. Unmarried women (11.7%) were more likely than ever married (4.3%) to overestimate their body weight (p = 0.005). On multiple logistic regression, being unmarried (OR = 1.68 (95%CI 1.01-2.80)) was significantly associated with body weight misperception. Body weight perception and BMI categories showed a significantly good consistency (kappa = 0.612, p < 0.001). Correct perception of body weight was highest among the overweight, followed by normal weight and underweight individuals (82.1%, 75.8%, and 72.2%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Body weight perception was well associated with actual body weight status. Unmarried women are more likely to misperceive body weight, particularly overestimating it. Underestimation of body weight was relatively high and much higher than the overestimation, which might keep obese individuals from weight loss activities. Preventing obesity should include awareness about body weight misperceptions.

Associations of Body Mass Index with Self-Rated Health and Weight Perceptions Among Rural Appalachian Adolescent Students.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents with overweight or obesity are at greater risk of having physical and psychosocial consequences. With increased disparities and inadequate literature on prevalence of adolescent weight status in rural Appalachia, there is potential for further complications. Unfortunately, adolescent obesity treatment options are often limited, especially in medically underserved regions. METHODS: This cross-sectional study of adolescents at eight rural Appalachian schools examined weight status among and associations between body mass index percentile (BMIp) categories and health-related perceptions and weight-control intentions. Previously validated instruments were utilized. Analyses included independent samples t-tests, ANOVA tests, and chi-squared tests. RESULTS: Of 814 adolescents (ages 11-13; 55.0% girls), BMIp revealed 20.8% overweight, 22.7% obese, and 10.6% severely obese. Adolescents with higher BMIp categories reported poorer self-rated health, inaccurate weight perceptions, and greater weight loss intentions (all p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Findings, including high prevalence of adolescents with overweight and obesity, emphasize the need for more obesity prevention and treatment options. Schools may be an ideal setting to reach at-risk adolescents and provide obesity prevention and treatment options, especially in medically underserved regions such as rural Appalachia. Opportunities and challenges to apply findings, including school-based obesity programs, are discussed.

Mass distribution and shape influence the perceived weight of objects.

Research suggests that the rotational dynamics of an object underpins our perception of its weight. We examine the generalisability of that account using a more ecologically valid way of manipulating an object's mass distribution (mass concentrated either at the top, bottom, centre, near the edges or evenly distributed throughout the object), shape (cube or sphere), and lifting approach (lifting directly by the hand or indirectly using a handle or string). The results were in line with our predictions. An interaction effect was found where the mass distribution and lifting approach both associated with the lowest rotational dynamics made the stimulus appear lighter compared to other combinations. These findings demonstrate rotational dynamic effects in a more run-of-the-mill experience of weight perception than what has been demonstrated before using cumbersome stimuli.

Understanding Health Behaviors, Weight Perceptions, and Body Appreciation of Young Adult Women Engaged in the Body Positivity Movement.

BACKGROUND: The body positivity movement on social media is thought to foster body appreciation, but pervasive societal concern persists about the body positivity movement and the body image, health behaviors, and "normalization of obesity" of young adult women. PURPOSE: This study explored the relationship between engagement in the body positivity movement on social media and weight status, body appreciation, body dissatisfaction, and the health behaviors of intuitive eating and physical activity in young adult women (18-35 years). METHODS: Participants (N = 521; ∼64% engaged in body positivity content on social media) were recruited using Qualtrics online panels for this cross-sectional survey during February 2021. Outcomes included weight status, weight consideration, weight perception, body appreciation, body dissatisfaction, physical activity, and intuitive eating. Logistic and linear regression models adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, education level, and household income were used to assess the association between engagement in the body positivity movement and specified outcomes. RESULTS: Engagement with body positivity content was associated with greater body dissatisfaction (ß = 2.33, t(519) = 2.90 p = .017), body appreciation (ß = 0.26, t(519) = 2.90 p = .004), and greater likelihood of reporting high amounts of physical activity (odds ratio = 2.28; p < .05) relative to nonengaged peers; these associations remained significant after further adjustment for weight status. Body positivity engagement was not associated with weight status, weight perception, or intuitive eating. CONCLUSIONS: Engagement in the body positivity movement is associated with higher body dissatisfaction and body appreciation in young adult women, which suggests they may be drawn to and engage in the body positivity movement as a protective or coping mechanism for body dissatisfaction.

Correlations between weight perception and overt risk-taking among Canadian adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: Perceptions of body weight represent an important health issue for Canadian adolescents. While associations between weight perception and mental health concerns like eating disorder symptomatology are well established, there is need for more Canadian evidence about how weight perception is associated with overt risk-taking among adolescents, and further how such associations differ by biological sex. METHODS: We conducted a national analysis of grade 9-10 students participating in the 2017-2018 cycle of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Canada. This analysis described contemporary patterns of alternate weight perception and then examined the strength and statistical significance of such associations by biological sex, with tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use, binge drinking, fighting, and illicit drug use as outcomes. Behaviours were considered both individually and in combination. Analyses were descriptive and analytical, with regression models accounting for the nested and clustered nature of the sampling approach. RESULTS: Responses from 2135 males and 2519 females were available for a complete case series analysis. A total of 26% and 35% of males and females, respectively, perceived themselves as "too fat" while 20% and 9% identified as "too thin". Females perceiving themselves as "too fat" reported higher likelihoods of engaging in individual and scaled indicators of overt risk-taking. Conversely, among males, alternate weight perception was associated with lower levels of such behaviours. CONCLUSION: As males and females perceive and react to weight perception differently, clinical and health promotion strategies should be developed and uniquely targeted to groups of adolescents in regards to weight perception and risk-taking.

RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: Les perceptions du poids corporel représentent une importante question de santé pour les adolescentes et les adolescents canadiens. Les associations entre la perception du poids et les risques pour la santé mentale, comme les symptômes de troubles alimentaires, sont bien établies, mais nous avons besoin de plus de données probantes canadiennes sur les associations entre la perception du poids et la prise de risques manifeste chez les adolescentes et les adolescents, et sur les différences selon le sexe biologique lorsque ces associations existent. MéTHODE: Nous avons mené une analyse nationale des élèves de 9e et de 10e année ayant participé au cycle 2017-2018 de l'Enquête sur les comportements de santé des jeunes d'âge scolaire au Canada (Enquête HBSC). Nous avons décrit les tendances contemporaines de perception erronée du poids, puis examiné la force et la signification statistique de telles associations, selon le sexe biologique, avec la consommation de tabac, d'alcool et de cannabis, l'hyperalcoolisation rapide, les combats et l'usage de drogues illicites comme résultats. Ces comportements ont été étudiés individuellement et en combinaison. Les analyses ont été descriptives et analytiques, avec des modèles de régression pour tenir compte de la méthode d'échantillonnage emboîtée et par grappes. RéSULTATS: Les réponses de 2 135 garçons et de 2 519 filles étaient disponibles pour une analyse complète de série de cas. En tout, 26 % des garçons et 35 % des filles se percevaient comme étant « en excès de poids ¼, et 20 % des garçons et 9 % des filles se percevaient comme étant « trop maigres ¼. Les filles se percevant comme étant « en excès de poids ¼ ont déclaré une probabilité plus élevée d'adopter des comportements individuels et gradués indicateurs d'une prise de risques manifeste. Réciproquement, chez les garçons, la perception erronée du poids était associée à des niveaux moins élevés de tels comportements. CONCLUSION: Comme les garçons et les filles perçoivent leur poids différemment et réagissent différemment à cette perception, il faudrait élaborer des stratégies cliniques et de promotion de la santé qui ciblent particulièrement les groupes d'adolescentes et d'adolescents et qui portent sur la perception du poids et la prise de risques.

Pseudo-Haptic Heaviness Influenced by the Range of the C/D Ratio and the Position of the C/D Ratio Within a Given Range.

Pseudo-haptic heaviness refers to the illusory sensation of heaviness caused by a dissociation in amplitudes between object movements on a screen and users' motor actions. The amplitude ratio of object movements to the user's actions, the so-called C/D ratio, is a powerful determinant of pseudo-haptic heaviness. According to previous studies, perceptual judgments for a given stimulus value are influenced by the position of the value within a given stimulus range, while no studies have shown the same to be true for pseudo-haptic heaviness. The present study examined whether pseudo-haptic heaviness determined by the C/D ratio was influenced by the range of C/D ratios, and also, by the position of the C/D ratio within a given range. Participants were asked to drag and lift a square on the screen up to a target line and then rate its heaviness; the range of C/D ratios was controlled as a between-participants factor. We observed a phenomenon whereby both the range and position of the C/D ratio influenced the rated heaviness. This phenomenon was clearly established over 8 experimental trials. We conclude that both the C/D ratio range and the position of the C/D ratio within a given range are determinants for pseudo-haptic heaviness.

Do Weight Perception Transitions in Adolescence Predict Concurrent and Long-Term Disordered Eating Behaviors?

PURPOSE: Perceiving one's weight as "overweight" is associated with disordered eating in adolescence. Yet, it is unknown whether weight perceptions change during adolescence, or whether these weight perception transitions predict disordered eating. This study aims to: (1) characterize weight perception transitions from early to late adolescence among a population-based sample and (2) examine whether weight perception transitions in adolescence predict concurrent and future disordered eating into young adulthood. METHODS: Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults (N = 1,414) survey data were used to examine correlates of weight perception transitions from early (Mage = 14.9 ± 1.6 years) to late adolescence (Mage = 19.4 ± 1.6 years). Adjusted generalized estimating equations were used to determine whether weight perception transitions in adolescence predicted concurrent and future disordered eating in emerging adulthood (Mage = 25.2 ± 1.6 years) and young adulthood (Mage = 31.0 ± 1.6 years). RESULTS: Weight perceptions were stable from early to late adolescence for 77.2% of adolescents, whereas 15.5% transitioned to perceiving their weight as "overweight" and 7.3% stopped perceiving "overweight" in late adolescence. Perceived "overweight", especially in late adolescence, was associated with higher concurrent and long-term disordered eating up to 10 years later. For example, the predicted prevalence of binge eating in young adulthood among individuals who perceived their weight as "overweight" throughout adolescence was 20.1% compared to 6.6% for those who never perceived their weight as "overweight" in adolescence. DISCUSSION: Adolescent weight perception was relatively stable in this population-based sample. However, weight perception transitions that involved perceiving "overweight", particularly in late adolescence, were associated with long-term higher risk of disordered eating.

Sociodemographic factors associated with weight perception of adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To systematically assess the main sociodemographic factors associated with weight perception of adolescents. METHODOLOGY: All studies related to adolescents' weight perception were retrieved from seven databases from January 2001 to July 2022. A total of 13 Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords were used to identify qualified studies, and reference lists included in the retrieved studies were manually searched to identify potentially relevant publications. Two evaluators independently assessed the eligibility and extracted data of each study. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) risk of bias evaluation tool was used to evaluate the quality and bias risk of included studies. RevMan (version: 5.3) software was used to conduct heterogeneity test and meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 12 studies, published between 2003 and 2020, were selected and included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, consisting of 325,367 adolescents from five countries. The risk of bias evaluation indicated that risk of bias was low in five studies and moderate in seven studies. The results of meta-analysis showed that there were no differences in the weight perception accuracy among adolescents under different gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88-1.15, p = 0.940), place of residence (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.83-1.16, p = 0.800), grade (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 0.68-4.42, p = 0.250), and family economic level (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.86-1.02, p = 0.140). Egger's linear regression showed that there was no significant publication bias in the primary analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The current analysis indicates that gender, place of residence, grade, and family economic level were not identified as influencing factors for adolescents' weight perception accuracy. Due to the limitations of the review and included studies, more robust trials are warranted in different social and economic environments to confirm our findings.

The association of weight control attempts with suicidality: The role of objective weight status and weight perception among adolescents of United States.

BACKGROUND: The evidence for the association of weight control attempts with suicidality by objective weight status, subjective weight perception, and distorted weight perception among adolescents was limited. METHODS: Data were extracted from a national representative sample of Youth Risk Behavior Surveys in the United States from 2011 to 2019. Binary logistic regression models with complex sampling designs were used to explore the association of weight control attempts, objective weight status, and weight perception with suicidality. FINDINGS: The adolescents attempting to lose weight had higher weighted prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, and suicide attempt with medical treatment compared with other attempts of weight control. Totally, attempting to lose weight was significantly associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation (OR: 1.17, 95%CI: 1.05-1.30) and suicide attempt (OR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.10-1.46) when adjusting objective weight status, weight perception and all other covariates. In the subgroup analyses, attempting to lose weight was significantly associated with increased risk of suicidality in the adolescents of normal weight, underweight, perceived normal weight, perceived underweight, right estimation of objective weight status. LIMITATIONS: Uncertain causal relationship existed because of cross-sectional design. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of suicidality associated with weight control attempts varied among different subgroups. The findings in this study suggest that not only objective weight status but also weight perception should be with consideration when performing weight control attempts.

Association between accuracy of weight perception and life satisfaction among adults with and without anxiety and mood disorders: a cross-sectional study of the 2015-2018 Canadian Community Health Survey.

BACKGROUND: Weight status and weight perception have a significant impact on life satisfaction. As overweight prevalence increases in Canada, it is important to understand how accuracy of weight perception (AWP) is associated with life satisfaction. This study explored the association between AWP and life satisfaction among Canadian adults with and without anxiety and/or mood disorders. METHODS: Using data from the 2015-2018 cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey, an indicator of AWP was created to capture concordance between perceived weight and actual weight status. Univariate and multivariate Gaussian generalized linear models were assessed while stratifying by sex and presence of anxiety and/or mood disorders. RESULTS: Our sample included 88 814 males and 106 717 females. For both sexes, perceiving oneself as overweight or underweight, regardless of actual weight status, was associated with lower life satisfaction (ß = -0.93 to -0.30), compared to those who accurately perceived their weight as 'just about right'. Perceiving oneself as overweight or underweight was associated with more pronounced differences in life satisfaction scores in those with anxiety and/or mood disorders (ß = -1.49 to -0.26) than in those without these disorders (ß = -0.76 to -0.25). CONCLUSION: Weight perception is more indicative of life satisfaction than actual weight status, especially in those with anxiety and/or mood disorders.

Object weight can be rapidly predicted, with low cognitive load, by exploiting learned associations between the weights and locations of objects.

Weight prediction is critical for dexterous object manipulation. Previous work has focused on lifting objects presented in isolation and has examined how the visual appearance of an object is used to predict its weight. Here we tested the novel hypothesis that when interacting with multiple objects, as is common in everyday tasks, people exploit the locations of objects to directly predict their weights, bypassing slower and more demanding processing of visual properties to predict weight. Using a three-dimensional robotic and virtual reality system, we developed a task in which participants were presented with a set of objects. In each trial a randomly chosen object translated onto the participant's hand and they had to anticipate the object's weight by generating an equivalent upward force. Across conditions we could control whether the visual appearance and/or location of the objects were informative as to their weight. Using this task, and a set of analogous web-based experiments, we show that when location information was predictive of the objects' weights participants used this information to achieve faster prediction than observed when prediction is based on visual appearance. We suggest that by "caching" associations between locations and weights, the sensorimotor system can speed prediction while also lowering working memory demands involved in predicting weight from object visual properties.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We use a novel object support task using a three-dimensional robotic interface and virtual reality system to provide evidence that the locations of objects are used to predict their weights. Using location information, rather than the visual appearance of the objects, supports fast prediction, thereby avoiding processes that can be demanding on working memory.

Transfer of weight information depends differently on used hand and handedness for perception and action.

When lifting an object sequentially with the two hands, information about object weight can be transferred from one hand to the other. This information can be used to predictively scale fingertip forces and to form a perceptual estimation about the object's weight. This study investigated how weight information can be transferred between the two hands and how this depends on the used hand and handedness of the participant. Right- and left-handed participants lifted light and heavy objects with the right or left hand in a pseudorandomized order and estimated the object's weight. Results showed that predictive force scaling depended on the previously lifted object, with higher force rates if a previous object was heavy. This known effect of sensorimotor memory was mostly independent of the used hand and handedness, indicating that weight information could be transferred across hands for fingertip force scaling. Furthermore, a perceptual bias that depended on the previous lifted object was found, with lower weight estimations when the previous object was heavy compared to light. While this bias was found for both light and heavy objects in right-handers, it was only observed for light objects in left-handers. Notably, in contrast to the results on force scaling, this effect was not transferred across hands. These findings indicate that the transfer of weight information depends differently on the used hand and handedness for perceptual estimations and predictive force scaling.

BMI Reporting and Accuracy of Child's Weight Perception.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate whether school-based body mass index (BMI) reports impacted the accuracy of children's self-reported weight category, for children overall and within subgroups. METHODS: We analyzed existing data from the Fit Study, a randomized controlled trial of a BMI screening and reporting intervention conducted in California from 2014 to 2017. The sample included 4690 children in 27 schools randomized to receive BMI reports and 4975 children in 27 controls schools that received BMI screening only. To estimate how BMI reporting affected accuracy, we fit multinomial logistic regression models to our data. We calculated average marginal effects, which capture the change in probability that children more accurately reported their weight category because of BMI reporting. RESULTS: We detected no impact of BMI reporting on children's self-reported weight accuracy. Exploratory subgroup analyses show that for Black children, exposure to 1 round of BMI reporting was associated with a 10.0 percentage point increase in the probability of accurately reporting their weight category (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6 to 17.4). Two rounds of reporting were associated with an increase in the probability of accuracy for Asian children (6.6 percentage points; 95% CI: 0.4 to 12.8), 5th graders (11.1 percentage points; 95% CI: 1.6 to 20.5), and those with BMI <5th percentile (17.1 percentage points; 95% CI: 2.7 to 31.6). CONCLUSIONS: BMI reporting has limited efficacy in increasing children's weight perception accuracy. Although exploratory analyses show that specific subpopulations became more accurate, future prospective studies should be designed to confirm these results.

Weight perception and self-rated health: are there differences between cancer survivors and non-cancer survivors?

PURPOSE: To compare relationships between self-perceived weight and self-rated health (SRH) between cancer survivors and non-cancer survivors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study based on the 2014-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted for the associations of self-perceived weight status, measured BMI categories, and combined categories by self-perceived weight and measured BMI with SRH in 1622 cancer survivors and 29,903 non-cancer survivors using complex samples ordinal regression analysis after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and concurrent diseases. RESULTS: Compared to the comparison group (those who were normal weight and self-perceived as average weight in non-cancer survivors), adjusted odds for poorer SRH were higher in cancer survivors and non-cancer survivors who were underweight and self-perceived as underweight (adjusted odds ratios[aORs], 2.69 for non-cancer survivors; 2.62 for cancer survivors), those who were normal weight but self-perceived as underweight or overweight (aORs, 1.69-2.38 for non-cancer survivors; 2.34-3.78 for cancer survivors), and those who were overweight and self-perceived as overweight (aORs, 1.52 for non-cancer survivors; 2.42 for cancer survivors). In cancer survivors, the odds for poorer SRH were greater for those who were normal weight and self-perceived as average weight (aOR = 1.84), whereas the odds were not significant for those who were underweight or overweight and self-perceived as average weight. In non-cancer survivors who self-perceived as average weight, the odds for poorer SRH were significant in those with underweight (aOR = 1.35) or overweight (aOR = 0.84). CONCLUSION: According to actual weight status, the association between self-perceived weight and SRH may differ between cancer survivors and non-cancer survivors.

Understanding the Turkish adolescents' weight perception: A cross-sectional study.

PROBLEM: Adolescence is regarded as a period in which adolescents go through a number of physical changes in appearance and a transition from childhood to adulthood. Throughout this transitional period, adolescents become more concerned with their size and weight. The aim of this study was to determine the self-perceived weights status of adolescents 11-19 years old. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 1459 students, aged 11-19 years, in Turkey. Anthropometric measurements of weight and height were measured with appropriate tools and adolescents' self-perception of weight status was assessed by the Figure Rating Scale. FINDINGS: Nearly half of the adolescents had misperceptions about their weight status (49.6%). There was a significant association between body mass index (BMI) z-score categories and weight status misperception. Overall, the weight status misperception was more common among the girls than boys. CONCLUSION: Misperception of weight status in adolescent should take into account the following: development of intervention programs aimed at screening weight and weight perception, empowering young people to have accurate weight status perception, and raising awareness of the issue in school health professionals.

Effect on Perceived Weight of Object Shapes.

The perceived weight of an object is an important research topic in terms of sensation and perception, and it is known that it has size-weight, color-weight, and material-weight illusions due to the influence of size, color, and material, as well as the weight of the object. Although the physical size of an object is measured by volume, the size of an object that we subjectively feel depends on the shape of the object, even if it has the same volume. Therefore, the shape of the object may determine the perceived size of the object, thereby changing its perceived weight accordingly. These cognitive factors play an important role in the period of rehabilitation therapy after an exacerbation or attack of neurological diseases, such as stroke or Parkinson's disease, regarding the motor functions of the patient. Moreover, the study of these sensation and perception factors is important for the period of the early development of children, for example, for tracking and correcting fine motor skills. Existing related studies analyzed the perceived weight according to three shapes (tetrahedron, cube, and sphere), but only some shapes showed a difference in the perceived weight. This study attempted to demonstrate the difference in perceived weight according to the shape that has yet to be clearly identified. To this end, this study investigated objects with the same physical size (volume) as in previous studies, but in the shapes of tetrahedron, cube, and sphere. In addition, the volumes of these objects were set to 64,000 cm3, 125,000 cm3, and 216,000 cm3, and their weights were set to be 100 g, 150 g, and 200 g, in proportion to the size of the small, medium, and large volumes, respectively. Thirty-eight college students (21 males, 17 females) participated and the perceived weight of a given object compared to a reference object was evaluated according to the modulus method used for sensory size measurement. The analysis of the experimental data found that both weight (volume) and shape had significant effects on the perceived weight. The results support that the shape of objects also led to the size-weight illusion phenomenon. At the same weight (volume), the perceived weight of an object according to shape decreased significantly in the order of sphere, cube, and tetrahedron. At the same volume level, subjective size according to shape is small in the order of tetrahedron, cube, and sphere. The results of weight perception according to shape in this study showed that the subjective size of an object according to shape had an effect on perceived weight.

Acculturation Profiles of Weight Perception Status among US Foreign-Born Hispanic/Latino Adults: A Mixture Model Approach.

The objective of this study was to identify profiles of acculturation and weight-by-weight perception status among United States (US) foreign-born Hispanic/Latino adults using a person-centered approach. We conducted a latent class analysis (LCA) on 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from US foreign-born Hispanic/Latino adults 18 years and older (N = 4944). Acculturation was assessed by self-reported linguistic acculturation questions from the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics. Weight was assessed by body mass index (BMI). Covariates included weight perception and sociodemographic factors to compare and further differentiate profiles. Three profiles were identified: bicultural (15% of sample), low acculturation (84%), and non-integrated (1%). All the profiles had a BMI that was considered overweight or obese. The low acculturated profile was less likely (odds ratio (OR): 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43-0.91) to perceive themselves as overweight relative to the bicultural class. The low accultured profile was also more likely to be female and a US citizen (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.09-1.92 and OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.57-3.34) in comparison to the bicultural class. Our study is among the first to use LCA to examine weight perception on acculturation status and weight profiles among US foreign-born Hispanic/Latino adults. The findings of our study are a step towards building a foundation to mitigate weight disparities among underserved/underrepresented US foreign-born individuals, especially Hispanics/Latinos. Our results can also inform the development of tailored interventions.