Comparison of intracanal ozone and low-level laser therapy on postoperative pain in vital teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis:placebo-controlled randomize trial.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of ozone and low-level-laser therapy (LLLT) on postoperative pain after root canal treatment in symptomatic apical periodontitis on vital teeth. Eighty patients were divided into four groups using a web program as follows: LLLT placebo (mock laser therapy), LLLT, Ozone placebo (mock ozonated water irrigation), and Ozone. Postoperative pain levels for 7 days after treatment and percussion pain levels at the 7th day were recorded on the visual analog scale. A regression analysis, Cochran's Q test, Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed to analyze the data (P=.05). A regression analysis demonstrated that the most effective variables are "group" and "jaw" (P=0.01). Pain in the lower jaw is higher than the upper jaw. There was difference between the groups on postoperative pain at the days 1, 2, and 3; however, there was no significant difference on other days. LLLT and ozone groups had less postoperative pain and pain on percussion. Low-level laser and ozone therapy are useful methods on postoperative-pain in vital symptomatic teeth ,but they don't have superiority to each other.

Effect of using diode laser on Enterococcus faecalis and its lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in chronic apical periodontitis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diode laser irradiation on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and its lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Ninety-six freshly extracted single-rooted teeth were divided into six groups, n = 8 per group. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 as laser group (810 nm PILOT™ Diode Laser, 400 µm fiber diameter, continuous mode, 30 s time) with powers at 1.0 W, 1.5 W, 2.0 W, and 2.5 W respectively. Group 5 or positive control group (3 ml of 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation) and group 6 or negative control group (3 ml of normal saline (0.9% NaCl) irrigation). Root canal samples were collected before and after receiving laser irradiation and irrigation solution. Cultivable bacteria were determined by counting the colony (CFU/ml). Evaluation of temperature on the external root surface of teeth was done with K type thermocouple using laser at different powers. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the LTA levels and the correlations between E. faecalis count, LTA levels, and rise in temperature were observed using Pearson's correlation test. E. faecalis LTA was subjected to laser irradiation and its structural damage was examined by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Compared with the control groups, all laser groups showed a decreased colony counts and decreased LTA levels with statistically significant difference (p Ë‚ 0.05). The bactericidal effect and LTA reduction of laser was better at 2.5 W power. Laser at 2.5 W power had temperature rise of more than 7 °C which is beyond the safe thermal threshold level. No statistically significant correlation was found between E. faecalis count, levels of LTA, and rise in external root surface temperature (p Ëƒ 0.05). TLC results showed a structural damage in the glycolipid moiety of E. faecalis LTA. Diode laser can effectively reduce the E. faecalis count and its LTA levels.

Effect of 1440-nanometer neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser irradiation on pain and neuropeptide reduction: a randomized prospective clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a 1440-nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser on relieving pain in relation to the levels of inflammatory cytokine and neuropeptides in the root canal exudates of teeth with persistent symptomatic apical periodontitis. METHODS: Forty teeth with persistent symptomatic apical periodontitis were randomly assigned to treatment groups: group L, intracanal irradiation of 1440-nm Nd:YAG laser with a 300-µm-diameter fiberoptic tip in addition to conventional root canal retreatment, and group C, conventional root canal re-treatment. The degrees of both spontaneous pain and the pain on percussion before and after treatment were recorded, and root canal exudate samples were collected to quantify the associated levels of substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 by immunoassay. RESULTS: All of the measured parameters were significantly reduced in group L (P < .05), whereas the level of pain on percussion, CGRP, and MMP-8 were significantly reduced in group C (P < .05). The 1440-nm Nd:YAG laser had significantly better effect on the relief of pain on percussion and the reduction of substance P, CGRP, and MMP-8 levels. The visual analog scale scores of perceived pain correlated with pain-related neuropeptides and inflammatory cytokine levels in root canal exudates. CONCLUSIONS: The 1440-nm Nd:YAG laser irradiation via fiberoptic tip to the teeth with persistent apical periodontitis provided promising consequences of pain and inflammation modulation.

Immediate implant placement into infected sites: bacterial studies of the Hydroacoustic effects of the YSGG laser.

This article describes the use of an erbium laser to use photoacoustics to reduce the bacteria in osteotomy sites that were infected by apical pathology. The author shows reduced bacterial counts by performing bacterial cultures following laser treatment. Swabs were taken after the extraction of the tooth and then after the laser was placed into the osteotomy site. The results showed a noticeable reduction of bacteria and no traces of virulent bacteria.

[Magnetic laser therapy in the treatment of apical periodontitis]. / Lechenie verkhushechnogo periodontita s primememiem magnitno-lazernoi terapii.

A new method for the treatment of apical periodontitis, making use of Optodan laser, differs from the known method by more rapid periapical tissue regeneration, which is paralleled by high antiinflammatory effect of magnetic laser therapy at early stages of treatment.

Pulsed Nd:YAG laser application to one-visit treatment of infected root canals in dogs: a histopathological study.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, the effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation during root canal treatment of infected teeth were investigated histopathologically in dogs. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Effects of Nd:YAG laser on infected root canal treatment have not been reported in vivo. METHODS: One hundred thirty-five teeth with a single root, including incisors and premolars, in 15 healthy adult beagle-strain dogs were used in this study. After inducing infection in the teeth, each root canal was shaped with at least a # 40 K-file, then the canal was irradiated using the following parameters: 1 W, 30 pps for 1 and 2 sec; 2 W, 30 pps for 1 and 2 sec. Efficacy of debris removal and evaporation on the root canal walls at 2 weeks, and the degree of inflammation of the periapical region at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after laser irradiation were examined histopathologically by light microscopy. RESULTS: Effective debris removal was observed in all cases of the laser-treated groups. No evaporation was observed except at the conditions of 2 W for 2 sec. Inflammation of periapical region in the laser-treated groups was similar in the control group at 2 weeks, but was significantly less than that in the control group at 8 weeks (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that pulsed Nd:YAG laser is useful for one-visit root canal treatment of infected teeth in dogs, if appropriate parameters are selected, and this is a potential therapy for human apical lesions of teeth.