Increasing access to care for chronic myeloid leukemia patients: assessment of a scaling-up program.

BACKGROUND: The Glivec International Patient Assistance Program (GIPAP) is designed to provide access to the cancer therapy Imatinib (Glivec⊠), which is indicated for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). OBJECTIVES: To identify factors those influence the quality of care and structural improvements. Design . Physicians (n=50), hospital administrators (n=10) and Ministry of Health officials (n=7) in 39 developing countries participated in qualitative interviews. The interviews focused on the impact of GIPAP on service delivery, patient tracking systems and cancer registries, health financing, and workforce. RESULTS: Service delivery, patient management, access to care, diagnostic capacity, and health workers' skills improved at participants' institutions following implementation of GIPAP. CONCLUSIONS: Positive institutional changes that improve care of CML/GIST patients arose from GIPAP. Some of these changes may strengthen institutions' capacity to treat other diseases as well. The GIPAP model could be deployed to improve access to care for patients with other chronic diseases.

Improving access to care in low and middle-income countries: institutional factors related to enrollment and patient outcome in a cancer drug access program.

BACKGROUND: Limited access to drugs is a crucial barrier to reducing the growing impact of cancer in low- and middle-income countries. Approaches based on drug donations or adaptive pricing strategies yield promising but varying results across countries or programs, The Glivec International Patient Assistance Program (GIPAP) is a program designed to provide imatinib free of charge to patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) or gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). The objective of this work was to identify institutional factors associated with enrollment and patient survival in GIPAP. METHODS: We analyzed follow-up data from 4,946 patients participating in 47 institutions within 44 countries between 2003 and 2010. Active status in the program was considered as a proxy for survival. RESULTS: Presence of ≥1 hematologist or oncologist at the institution was associated with increased patient enrollment. After adjusting for individual factors such as age (>55 years: Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.42 [1.16; 1.73]; p = 0.001) and initial stage of disease (accelerated or blast crisis at diagnosis: HR = 4.16 [1.87; 9.25]; p < 10⁻4), increased survival was found in institutions with research capabilities (HR = 0.55 [0.35; 0.86]; p = 0.01) and those with enrollment of >5 patients/year into GIPAP (HR = 0.48 [0.35; 0.67]; p < 10⁻4), while a non-significant trend for decreased survival was found for treatment at a public institution (HR = 1.32 [0.95; 1.84]; p = 0.10). The negative impact of an accelerated form of CML was attenuated by the presence of ≥1 hematologist or oncologist at the institution (interaction term HR = 0.43 [0.18; 0.99]; p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Application of these findings to the support and selection of institutions participating in GIPAP may help to optimize care and outcomes for CML and GIST patients in the developing world. These results may also be applicable to the treatment of patients with other forms of cancer, due to the overlap of infrastructure and staff resources used to treat a variety of cancer indications. A multi-sector approach is required to address these barriers.

Treating chronic myeloid leukemia: improving management through understanding of the patient experience.

The tremendous progress made in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment affords patients more options than ever. Five currently available BCR-ABL inhibitors form the mainstay of CML treatment, including first-generation imatinib and more potent second-generation BCR-ABL inhibitors dasatinib and nilotinib, with bosutinib and ponatinib having been recently approved for market inclusion. Studies show that dasatinib and nilotinib exhibit greater efficacy than imatinib in first-line chronic-phase CML (CML-CP), allowing more patients to achieve deeper, more rapid responses associated with improved outcomes. With alternatives to imatinib for first-line CML-CP and the wealth of information (and misinformation) on the Internet, a tremendous need exists for clear, accurate facts to assist patients in making treatment decisions. Patients appreciate the guidance of their oncology nurse in providing disease, treatment, and monitoring information tailored to meet their needs. Oncology nurses who are able to clearly explain emerging data, including the meaning and significance of faster, deeper responses, will be a valuable resource to their patients.

The GLIVEC international patient assistance programme: the Nairobi experience.

Glivec is a drug used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISI). It is an expensive drug which would be out of reach for most patients in Kenya. Norvatis Pharmaceutical together with Axios International a healthcare management company and Max Foundation have made it possible for patients in developing countries to get access to the drug at no cost. Patients meet the cost of the confirmatory test and are recruited into the programme to receive the drug at no cost. A total of 201 patients are in the programme in Nairobi, mainly drawn from Kenyatta National Hospital the major referral hospital in Kenya. The age range is nine years to 75 years with a mean age of 39.5 years. Males make up 56.5% while females are 43.5%. CML are 173 (86%) while GIST patients are 28 (13.9%). Most of the CML cases are referred in the chronic stable phase (87.8%) and 85.7% have been on hydroxyurea as the initial treatment. Compliance rates are approximately 80%.

[Drug of the month. Rosuvastatin (Crestor)]. / Le médicament du mois. Rosuvastatine (Crestor).

Rosuvastatin (Crestor) has been recently launched in Belgium by AstraZeneca. This new statin is indicated for the treatment of primary hypercholesterolaemia or combined dyslipidaemia, when changes in dietary habits are insufficient. Direct comparative randomised clinical trials with other statins demonstrated that rosuvastatin exerts a more favourable impact on lipid profile. When compared on a mg basis to other statins, rosuvastatin is associated with a greater reduction in total and LDL cholesterol levels and a greater increase of HDL cholesterol concentration, with a similar decrease in triglyceride levels. At the usual dosage of 10 mg, rosuvastatin allowed to reduce LDL cholesterol below recommended target levels for at risk patients among almost 80% of treated individuals in phase III clinical trials. If necessary, the daily dosage may be increased to 20 mg, or up to 40 mg (maximal dose), mostly in case of severe familial hypercholesterolaemia. Safety profile is good and similar to that of other commercialised statins. Rosuvastatin is currently evaluated in an extensive programme of randomised clinical trials (Galaxy programme) in order to demonstrate its efficacy in both prevention of atherosclerosis and reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.