Assuntos
Miopia/epidemiologia , Miopia/prevenção & controle , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/organização & administração , Adolescente , Criança , China/epidemiologia , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Prevenção Primária/organização & administração , Instituições Acadêmicas/organização & administração , Prevenção Secundária/organização & administração , Prevenção Terciária/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Injury represents one of the greatest public health challenges of our time with over 5 million deaths and 100 million people temporarily or permanently disabled every year worldwide. The effectiveness of trauma systems in decreasing injury mortality and morbidity has been well demonstrated. However, the organisation of trauma care varies significantly across trauma systems and we know little about which components of trauma systems contribute to their effectiveness. The objective of the study described in this protocol is to systematically review evidence of the impact of trauma system components on clinically significant outcomes including mortality, function and disability, quality of life, and resource utilization. METHODS: We will perform a systematic review of studies evaluating the association between at least one trauma system component (e.g. accreditation by a central agency, interfacility transfer agreements) and at least one injury outcome (e.g. mortality, disability, resource use). We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE central, and BIOSIS/Web of Knowledge databases, thesis holdings, key injury organisation websites and conference proceedings for eligible studies. Pairs of independent reviewers will evaluate studies for eligibility and extract data from included articles. Methodological quality will be evaluated using elements of the ROBINS-I tool and the Cochrane risk of bias tool for non-randomized and randomized studies, respectively. Strength of evidence will be evaluated using the GRADE tool. DISCUSSION: We expect to advance knowledge on the components of trauma systems that contribute to their effectiveness. This may lead to recommendations on trauma system structure that will help policy-makers make informed decisions as to where resources should be focused. The review may also lead to specific recommendations for future research efforts. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: This protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 28-06-2016. PROSPERO 2016:CRD42016041336 Available from http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42016041336 .
Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Prevenção Terciária/organização & administração , Ferimentos e Lesões/terapia , Recursos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida , Projetos de Pesquisa , Ferimentos e Lesões/complicações , Ferimentos e Lesões/economia , Ferimentos e Lesões/mortalidadeAssuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis/prevenção & controle , Serviços de Proteção Infantil/organização & administração , Adolescente , Conscientização , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/legislação & jurisprudência , Serviços de Proteção Infantil/legislação & jurisprudência , Pré-Escolar , China , Cultura , Características da Família , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Notificação de Abuso , Prevenção Primária/organização & administração , Opinião Pública , Punição , Prevenção Secundária/organização & administração , Mudança Social , Apoio Social , Prevenção Terciária/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
The article reviews the modern aspects of the prevention of diseases of the digestive system in children. It analyzes the levels of prevention activities, starting with the first days of a child's life. Great value is given to healthy ways of parents' lives, in the future - of the children: monitoring the course of pregnancy, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnostics of the pathology of the fetus. Heredity plays an important role in the cause-significant factors of diseases of the digestive system, violations of the calendar of vaccination, etc. One of the bases of prevention is a staged treatment of diseases of the digestive system, the identification of risk factors that can cause an aggravation or a continuously-recurrent course. The selection of rehabilitation programmes and hospital replacement technologies to improve and maintain the quality of life of sick children were substantiated.
Assuntos
Doenças do Sistema Digestório/prevenção & controle , Prevenção Primária/métodos , Prevenção Secundária/métodos , Prevenção Terciária/métodos , Criança , Doenças do Sistema Digestório/diagnóstico , Humanos , Prevenção Primária/organização & administração , Federação Russa , Prevenção Secundária/organização & administração , Prevenção Terciária/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of therapeutic education programmes for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and Chronic Heart Failure (CHF), as well as patients' expectations and education needs, tips to improve adherence to lifestyle modifications, and education materials. METHOD: We conducted a systematic review of the literature from 1966 to 2010 on Medline and the Cochrane Library databases using following key words: "counselling", "self-care", "self-management", "patient education" and "chronic heart failure", "CAD", "coronary heart disease", "myocardial infarction", "acute coronary syndrome". Clinical trials and randomized clinical trials, as well as literature reviews and practical guidelines, published in English and French were analysed. RESULTS: Therapeutic patient education (TPE) is part of the non-pharmacological management of cardiovascular diseases, allowing patients to move from an acute event to the effective self-management of a chronic disease. Large studies clearly showed the efficacy of TPE programmes in changing cardiac patients' lifestyle. Favourable effects have been proved concerning morbidity and cost-effectiveness even though there is less evidence for mortality reduction. Numerous types of intervention have been studied, but there are no recommendations about standardized rules and methods to deliver information and education, or to evaluate the results of TPE. The main limit of TPE is the lack of results for adherence to long-term lifestyle modifications. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of TE in cardiovascular diseases could be improved by optimal collaboration between acute cardiac units and cardiac rehabilitation units. The use of standardized rules and methods to deliver information and education and to assess their effects could reinforce this collaboration. Networks for medical and paramedical TPE follow-up in tertiary prevention could be organized to improve long-term results.
Assuntos
Reabilitação Cardíaca , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Assistência ao Convalescente , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares/psicologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/terapia , Doença Crônica , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Comportamento Cooperativo , Dieta , Aconselhamento Diretivo , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Promoção da Saúde , Unidades Hospitalares , Humanos , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Estilo de Vida , Atividade Motora , Cooperação do Paciente , Personalidade , Qualidade de Vida , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Prevenção Secundária/organização & administração , Autocuidado , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Prevenção Terciária/organização & administraçãoAssuntos
Psiquiatria Legal/organização & administração , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Especialidade de Fisioterapia/organização & administração , Encaminhamento e Consulta/organização & administração , Delitos Sexuais/prevenção & controle , Violência/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental/organização & administração , Enfermagem Forense/organização & administração , França , Humanos , Enfermagem Psiquiátrica/organização & administração , Prevenção Terciária/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
In October 2005, northern Pakistan was devastated by an earthquake killing 73,000 people. Some of the seriously injured were airlifted to a tertiary hospital in Rawalpindi, near Islamabad. This field report describes the psychiatric services delivered at that hospital. It explains how the needs were assessed and psychosocial interventions designed at different levels. The training needs of the medical staff were also identified and efforts were made to enhance their skills for psychosocial care. Finally, the report formulates some recommendations for improving such services.