História e memória da profissão de psicólogo no Brasil: Legislações e contexto sócio-histórico(1940-1950) / History and memory of the profession of psychologist in Brazil: Legislation and sociohistorical context (1940-1950)

A formação do psicólogo, sua profissionalização e regulamentação da Psicologia são temáticas recorrentes de pesquisas e discussões, no Brasil. Nessa direção, objetivamos identificar e caracterizar condições do campo científico-profissional da Psicologia que estiveram envolvidas no processo da regulamentação da profissão entre as décadas de 1940 e 1950. Metodologicamente, esta é uma pesquisa na interlocução entre História Social da Psicologia e a História do Tempo Presente. As fontes primárias foram prioritariamente aqueles presentesno Dossiê Legislativo vinculado à proposição da Lei nº 4.119/62. Os resultados indicam a existência de condições típicas das comunidades científico-profissionais (e.g., sociedades, revistas, exercício profissional, etc.) antes da referida regulamentação. Tais condições respondiam ao projeto de “modernização” nacional a partir de aplicações e da formação de “especialistas” em Psicologia. Assim, o que nos parece é que, para que profissão e a formação fossem legisladas, parte das condições necessárias para sua existência já estavam presentes no país.

The training of psychologists, their professionalization and regulation of Psychology are recurrent themes of research and debates in Brazil. Therefore, we aim to identify and characterize conditions in the scientific-professional field of Psychology involved in the process of regulation of the profession between the 1940s and 1950s. Methodologically, this research operates in between Social History of Psychology and History of the Present Time. The primary sources were first and foremost those present inthe Law No. 4,119/62’s legislative process. The results indicate the existence of typical conditions of scientific-professional communities (e.g., societies, journals, professional practice, etc.) before the aforementioned regulation. Such conditions werealigned to the national “modernization” project with its applicationsand the training of “specialists” in Psychology. Thus, one would see that, for the profession and training to be legislated, part of the necessary conditions for its existence were already present in the country.

História e memória da profissão de psicólogo no Brasil: Legislações e contexto sócio-histórico (1940-1950) / History and memory of the profession of psychologist in Brazil: Legislation and sociohistorical context (1940-1950)

A formação do psicólogo, sua profissionalização e regulamentação da Psicologia são temáticas recorrentes de pesquisas e discussões, no Brasil. Nessa direção, objetivamos identificar e caracterizar condições do campo científico-profissional da Psicologia que estiveram envolvidas no processo da regulamentação da profissão entre as décadas de 1940 e 1950. Metodologicamente, esta é uma pesquisa na interlocução entre História Social da Psicologia e a História do Tempo Presente. As fontes primárias foram prioritariamente aqueles presentes no Dossiê Legislativo vinculado à proposição da Lei nº 4.119/62. Os resultados indicam a existência de condições típicas das comunidades científico-profissionais (e.g., sociedades, revistas, exercício profissional, etc.) antes da referida regulamentação. Tais condições respondiam ao projeto de "modernização" nacional a partir de aplicações e da formação de "especialistas" em Psicologia. Assim, o que nos parece é que, para que profissão e a formação fossem legisladas, parte das condições necessárias para sua existência já estavam presentes no país.

The training of psychologists, their professionalization and regulation of Psychology are recurrent themes of research and debates in Brazil. Therefore, we aim to identify and characterize conditions in the scientific-professional field of Psychology involved in the process of regulation of the profession between the 1940s and 1950s. Methodologically, this research operates in between Social History of Psychology and History of the Present Time. The primary sources were first and foremost those present inthe Law No. 4,119/62's legislative process. The results indicate the existence of typical conditions of scientific-professional communities (e.g., societies, journals, professional practice, etc.) before the aforementioned regulation. Such conditions werealigned to the national "modernization" project with its applicationsand the training of "specialists" in Psychology. Thus, one would see that, for the profession and training to be legislated, part of the necessary conditions for its existence were already present in the country.

A psicologia e a questão da diversidade sexual no Brasil: a Resolução CFP nº 1/99 / Psychology and the issue of sexual diversity in Brazil: Resolution CFP nº 1/99

Nesta tese indagamos acerca do lugar da psicologia no debate público sobre diversidade sexual no Brasil da atualidade. Através da análise de publicações, fontes documentais públicas e entrevistas, exploramos diversos modos em que o saber e autoridade da profissão de psicólogo são invocados para sustentar posicionamentos públicos sobre a questão homossexual no país. Nesse âmbito, destacamos a Resolução nº 1/99 do Conselho Federal de Psicologia (CFP), que estabelece normas de atuação para os psicólogos em relação à questão da orientação sexual. Há mais de vinte anos essa normativa é um marco na conquista dos direitos LGBTQIA+ no país. Para essa discussão, reconstruímos os debates que precederam as condições institucionais e o contexto de elaboração da Resolução. Os efeitos da mesma extrapolam o âmbito da regulação profissional da psicologia. A seguir, abordamos as trajetórias de figuras com diferentes perfis de atuação que ganharam notoriedade por atacar publicamente a Resolução, suscitando, desta maneira, polêmicas em torno da mesma. Em seguida, exploramos as frequentes contestações à Resolução CFP nº 1/99 que se deram na arena legislativa e o deslocamento dessas ofensivas para a arena da justiça e para a disputa pela condução dos Conselhos de Psicologia em 2019. A compreensão destes processos como cenas de uma controvérsia pública busca jogar luz sobre a disputa entre diferentes visões da diversidade sexual e de gênero, que transitam pela ciência, religião e política. Acreditamos que esta investigação contribua para expandir a compreensão da evolução, dos efeitos e dos desafios que se colocam à expansão de abordagens afirmativas da diversidade sexual e de gênero no campo da Psicologia.

In this thesis, we inquire about the place of psychology in the public debate on sexual diversity in Brazil today. Through the analysis of publications, public documentary sources, and interviews, we explore different ways in which the knowledge and authority of Psychology as a profession are invoked to support public positions on homosexuality as an issue in the country. In this context, we highlight Resolution 1/99 of the Federal Council of Psychology (CFP), that establishes standards of action for psychologists in relation to the issue of sexual orientation. For over decades, this regulation has been a milestone in the achievement of LGBTQIA+ rights in the country. For this discussion, we reconstructed the debates that preceded the institutional conditions and the context in which the Resolution was drafted. Its effects go beyond the regulation of professional psychology. Next, we address the trajectories of figures with different profiles of action who gained notoriety for publicly attacking the Resolution, thus raising controversies around it. Then, we explore the frequent challenges to Resolution CFP 1/99, that took place in the legislative arena, and the migration of these offensives to the arena of justice, and to the dispute for the presidence of the Psychology Councils in 2019. An understanding of these processes as scenes of a public controversy sheds light on the dispute between different visions of sexual and gender diversity, which transit through science, religion and politics.. This investigation expand the understanding of the evolution, effects and challenges facing the expansion of affirmative approaches to sexual and gender diversity in the field of Psychology.

Disputas em torno da regulamentação da profissão: a psicologia em defesa das orientações sexuais e identidades de gênero / Disputes around the regulation of the profession: psychology in defense of sexual orientations and gender identities / Disputas sobre la regulación de la profesión: la psicología en defensa de las orientaciones sexuales e identidades de género

A normativa do Conselho Federal de Psicologia nº 1/1999, que estabelece normas de atuação para as(os) psicólogas(os) em relação à questão da orientação sexual, ao longo das últimas duas décadas tem sido objeto de investidas judiciais e legislativas para sustar seus efeitos. Foi observado também que a normativa CFP nº 01/2018, que se refere à atuação com pessoas transexuais e travestis, foi a mais rapidamente atacada após sua publicação, quando comparada aos mais de 1.500 atos oficiais publicados pelo Conselho Federal de Psicologia ao longo de sua história de quase 50 anos. E, mais recentemente, foi publicada uma normativa que trata da conduta profissional quanto às bissexualidades e demais orientações não monossexuais, a CFP nº08/2022. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os principais motivos das disputas e as estratégias construídas ao longo do processo de resistência pela Psicologia brasileira, em meio a tensões entre seu posicionamento, expresso pelas resoluções, e a sociedade.(AU)

Normative no. 01/99 of the Federal Council of Psychology, which establishes standards of action for psychologists regarding the issue of sexual orientation, over the last two decades has been the object of legal and legislative attacks to suppress its effects. Moreover, the CFP normative no. 01/18, which refers to working with transgender individuals and travestis, was the most quickly attacked, when compared to the more than 1,500 official acts published by the Federal Council of Psychology throughout its history of almost 50 years. More recently, a normative law was published on the professional conduct regarding bisexualities and other non-monosexual orientations-CFP no. 08/22. This article analyses the main reasons for the disputes and strategies built along the resistance process by Brazilian Psychology, amidst tensions between its positions, expressed by the resolutions, and society.(AU)

El reglamento del Consejo Federal de Psicología 01/99 que establece estándares de acción para psicólogas/os en relación con relación al tema de la orientación sexual, durante las últimas dos décadas, ha sido objeto de ataques judiciales y legislativos para reprimir sus efectos. Además, se observó que el reglamento del CPF 01/18 que trata la práctica con las personas transexuales y travestis fue el más rápidamente atacado, entre los más de 1.500 actos oficiales publicados por el Consejo Federal de Psicología a lo largo de su historia de casi 50 años. Y, más recientemente, se publicó el reglamento, el CPF 08/22, que plantea la acción profesional en relación con las bisexualidades y otras orientaciones no monosexuales. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las principales razones de disputas y las estrategias construidas por la Psicología Brasileña a lo largo del proceso de resistencia en medio de las disputas entre su postura planteada mediante las resoluciones y la sociedad.(AU)

Dois Pais e uma Mãe? A (Multi)Parentalidade nas Famílias Recasadas sob a Perspectiva da Psicologia Social Jurídica / Two Fathers and one Mother? The (Multi)parenting from in Step Families a Perspective of Juridical Social Psychology / ¿Dos Padres y una Madre? La (Multi) Parentalidad en las Familias Recompuestas en la Perspectiva de la Psicología Social Jurídica

A multiparentalidade é uma demanda jurídica recente no Direito de Família que permite o reconhecimento das famílias nas quais a parentalidade é exercida simultaneamente por vários sujeitos, uma vez que possibilita a inclusão de mais de um pai/mãe na certidão de nascimento. Neste estudo, buscou-se compreender o que vem sendo produzido sobre a (multi)parentalidade e problematizar seu reconhecimento judicial nas famílias recasadas. Como recurso metodológico foi realizada revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática, nas bases de dados SciELO, Index-Psi, BSV-PSI, PePSIC, Portal Períodicos CAPES e Lilacs, assim como uma análise de material jurisprudencial nas plataformas online dos tribunais brasileiros. Os dados encontrados indicaram ausência de publicações científicas no âmbito da Psicologia brasileira sobre a temática da multiparentalidade. Desta forma, optou-se pelo aprofundar no descritor parentalidade. Encontrou-se uma variabilidade nas definições e, por vezes, a naturalização do termo diante da ausência de explicitação do entendimento do(s) autor(es). No estudo dos julgados, notou-se a fusão da conjugalidade e parentalidade sob o argumento central do vínculo socioafetivo. Além disso, foi identificada pouca participação de equipe multidisciplinar nesses processos. Diante do exposto, evidencia-se a necessidade de ampliação de pesquisas que envolvam a questão da (multi)parentalidade sob a perspectiva da Psicologia. (AU)

The (multi)parentingis a recent legal claim in Family Law that allows the recognition of families which parenting is exercised simultaneously by several subjects, since it allows the inclusion of more than one father/mother on the birth certificate. This paper aims to understand what has been produced about (multi)parenting and problematize its judicial recognition in remarried families. As methodological resource, a bibliographic review on the topic was perfomed in the databases SciELO, Index-Psi, BSV-PSI, PePSIC, Portal Periódicos CAPES e Lilacs, as well as an analysis of jurisprudential material in the online platforms of the Brazilian courts. The results indicated absence of scientific publications in the scope of Brazilian Psychology on the theme of multiparenting. Therefore, it was decided to deepen in the descriptor parenting. It was found a variability in the definitions and, sometimes, the naturalization of the term in the absence of an explicit explanation of the authors' understanding. In the jurisprudential study, the fusion of conjugality and parenting was noted under the central argument of the socio-affective bond. It was also identified little participation of multidisciplinary teams in these processes. Therefore, it's evident the need to expand research involving the (multi) parenting issue from the perspective of Psychology. (AU)

La multiparentalidad es una demanda jurídica reciente en el Derecho de Familia que permite el reconocimiento de las familias en las que la parentalidad es ejercida simultáneamente por varios sujetos, una vez que posibilita la inclusión de más de un padre/madre en el certificado de nacimiento. En este estudio, se buscó comprender lo que se está produciendo acerca de la (multi) parentalidad y problematizar su reconocimiento judicial en las familias recompuestas. Como recurso metodológico se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre la temática, en las bases de datos SciELO, Index-Psi, BSV-PSI, PePSIC, Portal Periódicos CAPES y Lilacs, así como un análisis de material jurisprudencial en las plataformas online de los tribunales brasileños. Los datos encontrados indicaron ausencia de publicaciones científicas en el ámbito de la Psicología brasileña sobre la temática de la multiparentalidad. De esta forma, se optó por profundizar en el descriptor parentalidad. Se encontró una variabilidad en las definiciones y, a veces, la naturalización del término ante la ausencia de explicitación del entendimiento del (los) autor (es). En el estudio de los juzgados, se notó la fusión de la conyugalidad y la parentalidad bajo el argumento central del vínculo socio afectivo. Además, se identificó poca participación de equipo multidisciplinario en esos procesos. Ante lo expuesto, se evidencia la necesidad de ampliación de investigaciones que tengan en cuenta la cuestión de la (multi) parentalidad en la perspectiva de la Psicología. (AU)

Scope of Practice: Shot Down.

When it comes to shooting down dangerous attempts to expand non-medical practitioners' scope of practice, TMA's advocacy army once again proved to be expert marksmen in 2019. Medicine trained its scope on bills that would have allowed nurse practitioners, chiropractors, and optometrists, among others, to wade into the practice of medicine.

Who gets certified by the American Board of Professional Psychology and why: A diversity survey.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the profile of diversity among specialists certified by the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP). METHOD: A survey of ABPP specialists consisting of 18 demographic questions, and two questions regarding board certification and experience with diversity. RESULTS: Although ABPP specialists appear to be more diverse in certain aspects, especially regarding sex/gender (female, 43% vs 34% in prior survey), the majority remain non-Hispanic, White in race/ethnicity (87%), followed by only 3% Black, and 3% Hispanic/Latinx representation. Recognition as a specialist, job requirement, and professional expectations were the top three reasons for board certification. The top three themes regarding specialists' experiences with diversity were (a) Need for active outreach and mentoring, (b) ABPP does a good job regarding diversity, and (c) Make it more affordable. CONCLUSION: With the need for a competent and diverse workforce, ABPP will continue to conduct this survey to determine the progress that has been made in increasing the diversity of certified specialists.

Adoção por casais do mesmo sexo: relatos de psicólogos do judiciário / Adoption by gay couples: reports from psychologists of judiciary

Este estudo exploratório teve como objetivo investigar concepções de psicólogos que atuam no Judiciário acerca da adoção por casais do mesmo sexo. Participaram quatro psicólogos que atuam em Tribunais de Justiça dos Estados de Minas Gerais e São Paulo. As entrevistas semiestruturadas foram audiogravadas, transcritas, analisadas vertical e horizontalmente. Categorias encontradas: formação profissional; compreensão sobre a adoção; contato com processos de adoção por casais do mesmo sexo; perspectivas sobre a adoção por casais do mesmo sexo e a atuação da Psicologia nesse contexto. Três dos participantes já tiveram contato com esses processos de adoção. As principais dificuldades foram a escassez de conhecimentos e o preconceito que permeia o sistema judiciário no Brasil. Conclui-se que profissionais necessitam não apenas de formação específica sobre a área e a temática, mas também reflexão constante acerca de suas práticas, o que pode orientar os currículos em cursos de graduação e pós graduação em Psicologia (AU).

This exploratory study had as an objective investigating the conceptions of psychologists that act in the judiciary about adoption by same-sex couples. Four psychologists that work in Law Courts of the States of Minas Gerais and São Paulo participated. The semi structured interviews were recorded, transcribed, vertically and horizontally analyzed and categorized. Found categories: professional formation; comprehension about adoption; contact with processes of adoption by same-sex couples; perspectives about adoption by same-sex couples and the role of Psychology in this context. Three of the participants had already gotten in touch with those adoption processes. The main difficulties were the lack of knowledge and the prejudice that permeates the judiciary system in Brazil. It's concluded that professionals need not only specific formation about the area and the subject, but also constant reflection about their practices, what may guide the curriculum in undergraduate and graduate courses in Psychology (AU).

Award for Distinguished Contributions to Research in Public Policy: Saul M. Kassin.

APA's Award for Distinguished Contributions to Research in Public Policy is given to a psychologist who has made a distinguished empirical and/or theoretical contribution to research in public policy, either through a single extraordinary achievement or a lifetime of work. Saul M. Kassin is the 2017 recipient of this award for his extensive scholarship into understanding how and why suspects make false confessions, leading to greater understanding of the science of confessions and reforms to policy and practice. Kassin's award citation, biography, and a selected bibliography are presented here. (PsycINFO Database Record

APA's amicus curiae program: Bringing psychological research to judicial decisions.

An important part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) mission is to advance psychological science "to promote health, education, and public welfare." Organizations with powerful influence on human welfare include state and federal appellate courts, especially the U.S. Supreme Court. Initially, APA's amicus briefs focused on issues of importance to both individual psychologists and public policy. As the program evolved, APA increasingly focused on informing the courts about psychological science relevant to important legal issues, including criminal, civil, juvenile, education, disability, and human rights law. These briefs, and the science that supported them, consistently challenged stereotypical beliefs of laypeople with solid, easily understood empirical research. APA impartially advocates for the use of psychological science research findings by the courts, not on behalf of parties. Volunteer experts, including representatives of relevant APA divisions, participate in creating APA briefs. On occasion, other scientific organizations may join with APA in its filings. The measure of an amicus brief is broader than citations in appellate decisions. Although APA's briefs have been cited many times by courts, a broader impact of APA briefs is seen by references to psychosocial research provided by APA in decisions where its briefs were not specifically cited. APA briefs are being read and are affecting major legal decisions. For APA, the relevant question is not whether its briefs "prevailed" in a case but whether the court was able to render a more informed decision. An important benefit of APA's amicus program has been advancing both the reputation of psychological science and APA. (PsycINFO Database Record

APA Council Reports.

At the fall component meetings of the American Psychiatric Association in Arlington, Va., September 13-16, 2017, the APA councils heard reports from their components. Following are summaries of the activities of the councils and their components.

[The Enactment of "the Certified Public Psychologists Act" and the Issues to be Considered].

In this thesis, the historic circumstancs of enactment of and the forthcoming issues related to "the Certified Public Psychologists Act" are reported."The Certified Public Psychologists Act" was established thanks to the united efforts of a great number of the persons concerned, and the Act is scheduled to take effect in September 2017."The Certified Public Psychologist" is an occupational register: it is a qualification without which a person is allowed to deliver relevant services, but not permitted to feign a "Certified Public Psychologist". And since the Certified Public Psychologist is a general qualification, psychologists with the qualification are allowed to work in various fields such as educational area, medical/clinical area, forensic/criminal area, and industrial/occupational area. Mental problems in the modern society arise, in many cases, from various multidimensional factors which are intertwined and mutually related. Psychologists, in offering professional support in actual settings, need to be aware of their accountability that theories and skills are right for the supports. In addition, a sense of balance is required in collaboration, or team approach. It is emphasized that enhancing the systems for training and education is an urgent issue because continuous exertion to improve the compre- hensive capacity as professionals for future is indispensable.

[The Future of Certified Public Psychologists (tentative name) -The Roles in the Fields of Medical, Healthcare, and Welfare Services-].

The certified public psychologist (tentative name) was introduced as a versatile profession, which covers the fields of medical, healthcare, welfare services, industry, and law. In this study, I report the process of how certified public psychologists were introduced, indicate their char- acteristics in the medical field, and make proposals on their expected roles and associated tasks. Since their professional involvement in psychiatric care, healthcare, and welfare settings has shifted from hospital- to community-based care, the care system has also changed from a team-based care approach to a multi-professional collaborative system. Experts involved in the multi-professional collaborative system are required to exert their skills based on professional knowledge and experience, and also to be equipped with human strengths as a generalist based on experience accompanied with wide-ranging education. Responding to such a trend, in addition to the payments made for each of their services, such as psychological assessment, treatment, and education, I would like to request financial reimbursement by the medical fee system for professionals working in team-based medical and multi-professional collaborative settings. I strongly hope that certified public psychologists, who have been involved in the medical field for more than half a century, will become financially secure upon being certified through a national qualification, and play an active and worthwhile role as full-time employees in each setting while responding to the needs and expectation of patients, clients, and other medical workers.

Psicoterapia online: demanda crescente e sugestões para regulamentação / Online psychotherapy: growing demand and suggestions for its regulation / Psicoterapia em línea y sugerencias para la reglamentación

A psicoterapia online é uma forma de psicoterapia, conduzida por meio de sessões síncronas via internet, ainda não permitidas no Brasil, exceto em alguns casos definidos pela resolução 011/2012, do Conselho Federal de Psicologia. Tal restrição é baseada no entendimento de que a pesquisa disponível é insuficiente para autorizar a utilização generalizada desse tipo de serviço. Estudos sobre a aliança terapêutica no atendimento psicológico, fornecido exclusivamente pela internet, mostram que o estabelecimento da relação terapêutica em chamadas online síncronas ocorre de maneira muito parecida com o que acontece em processos terapêuticos face a face, considerando tanto seus benefícios como seus desafios. Este artigo tem como objetivos ampliar a compreensão da psicoterapia online e questionar a sua simples proibição, sinalizando os perigos implicados, vis-a-vis o aumento da demanda para o serviço e seu uso crescente, em desrespeito às restrições atuais. Este artigo também faz sugestões para a regulação do serviço no Brasil.

Online psychotherapy is a form of psychotherapy conducted by means of synchronous Internet sessions that are still not allowed in Brazil, except in a few instances defined by the Resolution 011/2012 of the Federal Council of Psychology. Such restriction is based on the understanding that the research available is insufficient to authorize a wide spread use of this type of service. Studies on therapeutic alliance in psychological care provided exclusively over the internet show that the establishment of the therapeutic relationship in synchronous online calls occurs much like it does in face-to-face therapeutic processes, considering both, its benefits and challenges. This article aims to broaden the understanding of the online psychotherapy and to question its prohibition, signaling the dangers it entails, vis-a-vis the increasing demand for the service and its widespread use in disregard with the current restrictions. This article also makes suggestions for the regulation of the service in Brazil.

Psicoterapia en línea es una forma de psicoterapia realizada por intermedio de sesiones sincrónicas a través de Internet, todavía no permitido en Brasil, excepto en algunos casos definidos por la Resolución 011/2012 del Consejo Federal de Psicología. Esta restricción se basa en la constatación de que la investigación disponible es insuficiente para permitir el uso generalizado de este tipo de servicio. Los estudios sobre la alianza terapéutica en los servicios psicológicos proporcionados exclusivamente por medio de Internet muestran que el establecimiento de la relación terapéutica en las llamadas síncronas en línea es una forma muy parecida a lo que ocurre en los procesos terapéuticos cara a cara, teniendo en cuenta tanto sus beneficios y desafíos. Este artículo tiene como objetivo ampliar la comprensión de la psicoterapia en línea y cuestionar su simple prohibición, señalando los peligros involucrados, vis-a-vis el aumento de la demanda del servicio y su creciente uso en violación de las restricciones actuales. En este artículo también se hace sugerencias para regular el servicio en Brasil.

State psychology licensure questions about mental illness and compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act.

State licensing boards have obligations to protect the public from impaired professionals and to protect the rights of professionals applying for licensure. Competently functioning professionals who have or have had a mental health diagnosis or are being treated for a mental health condition should not be screened out, according to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). A review of case law shows applicable precedents from discrimination among physicians and lawyers but not, to date, among psychologists. An examination of psychology licensure application materials from all 50 states and the District of Columbia revealed that some states, particularly Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Missouri, Montana, and New Hampshire, include language that might screen out professionals with lived experience who are currently functioning competently. For comparison, we review a sample of licensure applications for physicians and lawyers and find a similar pattern. Five of the present authors offer ourselves and other published authors as examples of competent licensed psychologists who have lived with mental illnesses. We conclude with recommendations for more inclusive language and protection of confidentiality. (PsycINFO Database Record

A Competency Framework for the Practice of Psychology: Procedures and Implications.

OBJECTIVE: Several competency models for training and practice in professional psychology have been proposed in the United States and Canada. Typically, the procedures used in developing and finalizing these models have involved both expert working groups and opportunities for input from interested parties. What has been missing, however, are empirical data to determine the degree to which the model reflects the views of members of the profession as a whole. METHOD: Using survey data from 466 licensed or registered psychologists (approximately half of whom completed one of two versions of the survey), we examined the degree to which psychologists, both those engaged primarily in practice and those involved in doctoral training, agreed with the competency framework developed by the Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards' Practice Analysis Task Force (Rodolfa et al., 2013). RESULTS: When distinct time points in training and licensure or registration were considered (i.e., entry-level supervised practice in practicum settings, advanced-level supervised practice during internship, entry level independent practice, and advanced practice), there was limited agreement by survey respondents with the competency framework's proposal about when specific competencies should be attained. In contrast, greater agreement was evident by respondents with the competency framework when the reference point was focused on entry to independent practice (i.e., the competencies necessary for licensure or registration). CONCLUSION: We discuss the implications of these findings for the development of competency models, as well as for the implementation of competency requirements in both licensure or registration and training contexts.

Psychology in Japan.

The purpose of this article is to provide information about Japan and its psychology in advance of the 31st International Congress of Psychology (ICP), to be held in Yokohama, Japan, in 2016. The article begins with the introduction of the Japanese Psychological Association (JPA), the hosting organization of the ICP 2016, and the Japanese Union of Psychological Associations consisting of 51 associations/societies, of which the JPA is a member. This is followed by a brief description of a history of psychology of Japan, with emphasis on the variation in our approach to psychology in three different periods, that is, the pre- and post-Pacific War periods, and the post-1960 period. Next, the international contributions of Japanese psychology/psychologists are discussed from the point of view of their visibility. Education and training in psychology in Japanese universities is discussed with a final positive remark about the long-awaited enactment of the Accredited Psychologist Law in September, 2015.

"God save us from psychologists as expert witnesses": the battle for forensic psychology in early twentieth-century Germany.

This article is focused on the jurisdictional battle between psychiatrists and psychologists over psychological expertise in legal contexts that took place during the first decades of the 20th century. Using, as an example, the debate between the psychologist William Stern, the psychiatrist Albert Moll, and the jurist Albert Hellwig, which occurred at the International Congress for Sexual Research held in Berlin in 1926, it aims to demonstrate the manner in which psychiatrists' responses to psychologists' attempts to gain admittance to Germany's courtrooms were shaped not only by epistemological and methodological objections, but also by changes to expert witnessing that had already encroached on psychiatrists' professional territory. Building upon recent work examining the relationship between psychologists and jurists prior to the First World War, this article also seeks to examine the role of judges and lawyers in the contest over forensic psychology in the mid-1920s, arguing that they ultimately became referees in the increasingly public disputes between psychiatrists and psychologists.