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1.
Acad Psychiatry ; 48(4): 334-338, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38782840

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This report explores the experiences of preclinical medical students who led group dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for a student-run LGBTQ + mental health clinic. METHODS: In the clinic, experienced clinicians trained and supervised preclinical medical students to facilitate DBT groups. The authors conducted a qualitative study to understand the impact of the DBT groups on the student facilitators via semi-structured interviews, which were evaluated using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The clinic hosted nine iterations of group DBT facilitated by preclinical medical students, involving 18 student leaders and 30 patients. Twelve student facilitators were interviewed. Participants had a diverse array of specialty interests and were primarily motivated by the opportunity for early clinical experience. They reported improved clinical skills, increased appreciation of psychotherapy as a treatment modality, and increased interest in incorporating psychotherapy in their future practice. Furthermore, participants reported using DBT skills to cultivate wellbeing during clerkship year and in their personal lives. CONCLUSIONS: Offering preclinical medical students the opportunity to lead group DBT therapy is a novel educational model providing early training in psychotherapy techniques. This opportunity for early direct patient experience in a supervised group setting attracted medical students with a diverse range of specialty interests. This model provided medical students specific DBT skills to implement in future patient care interactions and to maintain their personal wellbeing throughout medical training. The broad appeal and lasting effects of this program may prove beneficial at other institutions.


Assuntos
Terapia do Comportamento Dialético , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Estudantes de Medicina , Humanos , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Clínica Dirigida por Estudantes , Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Psicoterapia de Grupo/educação , Estágio Clínico
2.
Australas Psychiatry ; 27(5): 496-500, 2019 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31423812

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) is a psychosocial group treatment for people with dementia. The aims of this project were to (a) evaluate the effectiveness of a one-day training workshop; (b) measure the uptake of CST following the workshops; and (c) explore the barriers of implementing CST. METHOD: Ten workshops were conducted. Attendees completed a self-evaluation at the end of the training day and were later invited to complete an online survey enquiring about implementation. RESULTS: Two hundred and fourteen workshop attendees completed the self-evaluation. The mean self-rated knowledge and skills for conducting and facilitating CST (1 = No skills, 5 = Very good skills) was 2.3 (SD = 1.2) and 4.3 (SD = 0.7) before and after the workshop, respectively (p = 0.000). The mean self-rated confidence for applying learning to conducting and facilitating CST was 4.2 (SD = 0.7) (1 = Not confident, 5 = Very confident). There were 11 CST programmes started after the workshops and another 10 sites were in the process of starting CST programmes. The main barriers of implementation were lack of staff time/funding and problems of finding suitable participants with dementia. CONCLUSIONS: The one-day training workshop is an effective method to disseminate CST. Addressing the barriers identified could improve the adoption of CST in practice.


Assuntos
Competência Clínica , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/educação , Demência/terapia , Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Utilização de Procedimentos e Técnicas , Psicoterapia de Grupo/educação , Adulto , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Educação , Humanos , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Psicoterapia Breve/educação , Psicoterapia Breve/métodos , Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos
3.
J Addict Med ; 13(6): 470-475, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30908345

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Despite progress in reducing tobacco use within the general population, high prevalence of tobacco use continues in individuals with mental health and substance use disorders ("clients"). Tobacco use persists as the leading cause of premature mortality in this population. While behavioral health providers have frequent contacts with this population, they lack training in tobacco cessation counseling. METHODS: We conducted multimethod formative data collection consisting of key informant interviews with providers, field observations at clinical sites, and structured group interviews with behavioral health providers, and, separately, clients. Activities were conducted at 4 behavioral health agencies with 9 behavioral health clinic sites in southern Arizona. Recurring phrases and level of repetition were quantified to identify themes. These themes were then used to adapt the method of training delivery and revise the curriculum content for providers at the participating sites. RESULTS: Results indicated that providers had "training fatigue" and low satisfaction with multiple, online trainings. Further, providers noted issues including time constraints, competing clinical priorities, and low access to tobacco-cessation materials. Clients demonstrated high self-awareness around the importance of quitting smoking and professed frustration at being unable to quit, despite multiple attempts. Finally, both providers and clients agreed that a personal, supportive approach to cessation counseling was preferred. CONCLUSIONS: Using results from this formative research to revise delivery and content of existing smoking-cessation training for behavioral health providers may address barriers to assisting clients with smoking cessation. Additional research to determine the efficacy of the adapted training is needed.


Assuntos
Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Psiquiatria/educação , Psicoterapia de Grupo/educação , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Arizona , Aconselhamento , Humanos , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários
4.
Transl Behav Med ; 8(6): 855-866, 2018 11 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30202855

RESUMO

Individuals with mental health and substance use disorders smoke at rates two to four times higher than the general population and account for over half of smoking-related deaths. Building capacity of behavioral health providers to provide smoking cessation treatment may decrease smoking prevalence in these groups. The present study evaluated a statewide rollout of a capacity building training program to teach behavioral health providers to deliver a manualized smoking cessation group intervention for patients with mental health and substance use disorders. Behavioral health treatment providers (N = 333) participated in a day-long training. Pretraining and posttraining evaluations were conducted on the day of training to assess changes in confidence, attitudes, and knowledge regarding smoking cessation and possible barriers to implementing the smoking cessation curriculum in treatment programs. These constructs were reassessed in follow-up surveys conducted online 2 and 6 months posttraining. A subset of providers participated in follow-up telephone calls to discuss implementation of smoking cessation programming. Posttraining evaluations indicated that trainees' confidence, attitudes, and knowledge of smoking interventions improved. Follow-up surveys indicated that these gains decreased but were maintained above baseline. Over one-half of survey respondents reported taking at least one implementation step. Interviewees reported that agency and staff-level barriers such as difficulty coordinating a group, staff turnover, and inadequate time with clients precluded more widespread implementation. Training for behavioral health providers is effective in improving confidence, attitudes, and knowledge regarding smoking cessation interventions. Consistent implementation requires ongoing support and agency problem solving to address common barriers.


Assuntos
Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Transtornos Mentais , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Psicoterapia de Grupo/educação , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Adulto , Seguimentos , Humanos
5.
J Consult Clin Psychol ; 86(3): 205-217, 2018 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29504790

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Few guidelines are available regarding optimal training models for practitioners delivering cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study systematically compared 3 instructional conditions for delivering the Facing Your Fears program (FYF) to children with ASD and anxiety. METHOD: Thirty-four clinicians (Mage = 34 years; 94% women, 88% Caucasian) and an intent-to-treat sample of 91 children with ASD and anxiety (Mage = 11; 84% male 53% Caucasian) met eligibility criteria across 4 sites. A 3-group parallel design via a Latin square procedure was used to randomize 9 teams of clinicians to 1 of 3 training conditions: Manual, Workshop, Workshop-Plus. The effectiveness of instructional condition was assessed via implementation (CBT knowledge, treatment fidelity) and treatment outcomes (reductions in anxiety as measured by the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-Parent (ADIS-P). RESULTS: Clinicians in both Workshop conditions significantly increased CBT knowledge postworkshop, F(1, 18) = 19.8, p < .001. Excellent treatment fidelity was obtained across conditions (above 89%), although clinicians in the Workshop conditions obtained significantly higher fidelity ratings and delivered FYF with greater quality than the Manual condition. Children with ASD demonstrated significant reductions in anxiety symptoms for three of the four anxiety diagnoses, with no differences noted across instructional condition. Rates of improvement were lower than those obtained in a previous controlled trial. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that although there may be some advantage to participating in a Workshop, clinicians in all conditions could deliver FYF with excellent fidelity and yield positive treatment outcomes. Lack of a no-treatment comparison group limits interpretation of findings. (PsycINFO Database Record


Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/terapia , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/terapia , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/educação , Educação Continuada , Psicoterapia de Grupo/educação , Adolescente , Transtornos de Ansiedade/complicações , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/complicações , Criança , Gerenciamento Clínico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
6.
Issues Ment Health Nurs ; 39(4): 357-361, 2018 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29420100

RESUMO

The aim of this clinical training site innovation is to develop accessible pediatric mental health clinical training sites for psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) students. Mental health services in school settings provide treatment in the child's community and create opportunities for innovation and collaboration with teachers, school counselors, and school psychologists. School settings provide opportunities for early recognition of anxiety symptoms and accessible treatment that can help close the gap in clinical training sites for this population. Mild and moderate symptoms of anxiety often go untreated and may affect academic performance negatively. Cognitive behavioral play therapy is an effective treatment modality provided by PMHNP students and supports the roles of school personnel.


Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde Mental , Profissionais de Enfermagem/educação , Enfermagem Pediátrica/educação , Enfermagem Psiquiátrica/educação , Psicoterapia de Grupo/educação , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Humanos
7.
Int J Law Psychiatry ; 54: 98-106, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28655427

RESUMO

Providing cost-effective means to treat the influx of individuals with serious mental illness entering the correctional system is a major challenge. Failure to provide appropriate mental health treatment may lead to poor outcomes, including recidivism and suicide. Group intervention is an effective and cost efficient way to provide mental health treatment. However, it has been understudied in jail settings. To meet the needs of jail-inmates with serious mental illness, an eight-week group-based module curriculum was developed and studied through analyses of perceived usefulness, retention of key material, and associations with cognitive ability, improvement in psychiatric symptoms, and level of motivation. One week after the completion of a group session, the participants remembered the group topic and at least one key point from the group the majority of the time. Better recall of group material was associated with better overall cognitive ability and motivation at discharge. Participants found the groups to be somewhat to extremely useful 88.4% of the time. Higher levels of usefulness were associated with reduced psychopathology and psychiatric improvement, as well as higher motivation at discharge. The findings provide support for the group intervention and implementation in a jail setting. Further implications are discussed.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Análise de Variância , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Cognição , Currículo , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Pessoas Mentalmente Doentes , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Motivação , New York , Prisões , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Psicoterapia de Grupo/educação , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapia , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
8.
Int J Psychiatry Med ; 52(1): 62-71, 2017 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28486880

RESUMO

Background and Objectives This pilot study provides a description and evaluation of process-oriented dynamic group psychotherapy for depression as a teaching modality for family medicine residents. The main purpose of using this modality was to teach family medicine residents a variety of psychological clinical skills. A secondary benefit of this modality was to provide in-house, primary care treatment to depressed patients, although the efficacy of this was not evaluated in the present study. Methods A 10-item, self-report, Likert-type questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of family medicine residents who had participated in the program. Results Completed questionnaires were received from 100% of the family medicine resident participants. Responses to the questionnaires indicate that the residents felt they acquired a variety of clinical skills from the training modality, to include developing active listening and interviewing skills; methods to improve the doctor-patient relationship; increased skills in empathy, intuitive processes, and emotional support; a depth understanding of how intra-psychic conflicts and interpersonal problems contribute to depression; how to give effective feedback that promotes behavioral change; and how to place interventions at the appropriate level of change. Eighty-eight percent of residents indicated they would recommend this learning modality to a family medicine physician colleague. Conclusions The family medicine residents' responses to the questionnaires indicate that they perceived process-oriented dynamic group psychotherapy for depression as a constructive and beneficial modality for both patient care and learning a variety of clinical skills.


Assuntos
Depressão/terapia , Transtorno Depressivo/terapia , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/educação , Internato e Residência , Psicoterapia de Grupo/educação , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Projetos Piloto
9.
Behav Cogn Psychother ; 45(2): 170-184, 2017 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28229807

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Pre-treatment role induction interventions have been suggested to potentially enhance attendance and clinical outcomes in psychotherapy. AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a programme of three transdiagnostic seminars (TDS) for patients with common mental disorders accessing cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in primary care. TDS included CBT psychoeducation and role induction. METHOD: A random sample of patients (n = 49) participated in TDS followed by CBT (TDS+CBT) and they were compared with matched controls (n = 49) accessing usual CBT. TDS participants rated the relevance and quality of this intervention using an acceptability questionnaire (AQ). Treatment completion (vs dropout) rates were compared across groups using chi-square tests. Post-treatment changes in depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) symptoms were compared between groups using analysis of covariance controlling for potential confounders. Analyses were based on intention-to-treat principles. RESULTS: Mean AQ ratings of the TDS intervention were comparable across diagnostic groups (p = .05). Treatment completion rates were significantly higher (p = .02) in the TDS+CBT group (87.8%) by comparison with usual CBT (68.8%). However, no significant differences in post-treatment symptom changes were found for depression (p = .34) or anxiety measures (p = .71). CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating a psychoeducational role induction prior to CBT significantly improved treatment retention, but not overall symptom reductions.


Assuntos
Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Psicoterapia de Grupo/educação , Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos , Adulto , Transtornos de Ansiedade/terapia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Transtorno Depressivo/terapia , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicoterapia/métodos , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do Tratamento
10.
Psychiatry Res ; 235: 19-28, 2016 Jan 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26723137

RESUMO

This controlled, non-randomized study explored the feasibility of introducing a Combined Individual and Group Intervention (CIGI) for users with mental disorders in residential facilities, and tested whether users who received the CIGI had better functioning than users who received the Treatment-As-Usual (TAU), at two-year follow up. In the CIGI, a structured cognitivebehavioral approach called VADO (in English, Skills Assessment and Definition of Goals) was used to set specific goals with each user, while Falloon's psychoeducational treatment was applied with the users as a group. Thirty-one professionals attended a training course in CIGI, open to users' voluntary participation, and applied it for two years with all users living in 8 residential facilities of the Mental Health Department of Modena, Italy. In the same department, 5 other residential facilities providing TAU were used as controls. ANOVA for repeated measures showed a significant interaction effect between users' functioning at baseline and follow up assessments, and the intervention. In particular, change in global functioning was higher in the 55 CIGI users than in the 44 TAU users. These results suggest that CIGI can be successfully introduced in residential facilities and may be useful to improve functioning in users with severe mental disorders.


Assuntos
Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Hospitais Psiquiátricos , Transtornos Mentais/reabilitação , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/métodos , Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos , Análise de Variância , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/educação , Terapia Combinada , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reabilitação Psiquiátrica/educação , Psicoterapia de Grupo/educação , Instituições Residenciais
11.
Int J Group Psychother ; 65(4): 501-11, 2015 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26401793

RESUMO

This article describes the history and the prevailing orientations of group psychotherapy in Italy (psychoanalytically oriented, psychodrama, CBT groups) and particularly group analysis. Provided free of charge by the Italian health system, group psychotherapy is growing, but its expansion is patchy. The main pathways of Italian training in the different group psychotherapy orientations are also presented. Clinical-theoretical elaboration on self development, psychopathology related to group experiences, and the methodological attention paid to objectives and methods in different clinical groups are issues related to group therapy in Italy. Difficulties in the relationship between research and clinical practice are discussed, as well as the empirical research network that tries to bridge the gap between research and clinical work in group psychotherapy. The economic crisis in Italy has led to massive cuts in health care and to an increasing demand for some forms of psychological treatment. For these reasons, and because of its positive cost-benefit ratio, group psychotherapy is now considered an important tool in the national health care system to expand the clinical response to different forms of psychological distress.


Assuntos
Psicoterapia de Grupo , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Itália , Psicoterapia de Grupo/educação , Psicoterapia de Grupo/história , Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos , Psicoterapia de Grupo/organização & administração
12.
Int J Group Psychother ; 65(4): 535-41, 2015 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26401796

RESUMO

This article describes the development of group psychotherapy in Finland as a treatment in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Different theoretical preferences split the training programs into two; both are now trying to survive in a psychotherapeutically changing landscape. All training programs have been transferred to the universities, but a lack of interest in, and knowledge about, group psychotherapy has resulted in fewer students choosing this program. This may result, in the future, in even less knowledge of, and research in, group dynamics in Finland.


Assuntos
Psicoterapia de Grupo , Finlândia , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Psicoterapia de Grupo/educação , Psicoterapia de Grupo/história , Psicoterapia de Grupo/tendências
13.
Int J Group Psychother ; 65(4): 553-9, 2015 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26401798

RESUMO

This is a short article on the history and training standards in the Institute of Group Analysis in Copenhagen (IGA-CPH). We describe theoretical orientations and influences in the long-term training program and new initiatives, like courses in mentalization-based group treatment and a dynamic short-term group therapy course, as well as research in group psychotherapy in Denmark. Some group analytic initiatives in relation to social issues and social welfare are presented, as well as initiatives concerning the school system and unemployment.


Assuntos
Psicoterapia de Grupo , Dinamarca , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Psicoterapia de Grupo/educação , Psicoterapia de Grupo/história , Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos
14.
Int J Group Psychother ; 65(4): 568-81, 2015 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26401800

RESUMO

In the United Kingdom (U.K.), group therapy is one of the most widely practiced methods, with a broad range of applications and an extensive literature. The terminology used here is based on the author's chapter in The New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry (Schlapobersky & Pines, 2008). We used two factors-therapeutic goals and group leadership-to provide a classification of different models and applications. We described group therapy as a method, group analysis (for example) as a model, and an in-patient or weekly group as an application of a model.


Assuntos
Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos , Humanos , Psicoterapia de Grupo/educação , Psicoterapia de Grupo/legislação & jurisprudência , Reino Unido
15.
Int J Group Psychother ; 65(4): 583-93, 2015 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26401801

RESUMO

Canada is a relatively young country, spanning a vast geographical area; yet, it has matured quickly, becoming a diverse, prosperous, and proud nation. The development of group psychotherapy in this country has followed a similar path: its roots can be traced back to fairly recent times, but it has given rise to a rich fabric of practice, teaching, and research traditions. This article provides a brief synopsis of how group therapy is provided, taught, and studied in Canada. Given the growing emphasis on providing group therapy, we recommend that Canadian mental health services invest in continuing education in group therapy; accrediting bodies require that foundational knowledge in group principles be taught to all trainees; and institutions encourage researchers to engage clinicians in practice-based research.


Assuntos
Psicoterapia de Grupo , Canadá , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Psicoterapia de Grupo/educação , Psicoterapia de Grupo/história , Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos
16.
Int J Group Psychother ; 65(4): 595-605, 2015 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26401802

RESUMO

Egypt has a central position in Africa and the Middle East. Events in the last few years have brought Egypt to the forefront of the world's interest in politics, sociology, and group psychology. This paper explores the evolution, development, and current status of group psychotherapy and group processes in Egypt. Starting from times of old in Pharaonic, Islamic, and Christian cultures, the paper discusses the theoretical orientation of contemporary group psychotherapy in the country, its status in the health care system, its training and research opportunities, and its current and future challenges.


Assuntos
Psicoterapia de Grupo , Egito , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Psicoterapia de Grupo/educação , Psicoterapia de Grupo/história , Psicoterapia de Grupo/organização & administração , Psicoterapia de Grupo/tendências
17.
Int J Group Psychother ; 65(4): 617-25, 2015 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26401804

RESUMO

Australia is a vast country with a relatively small population living in cities separated by long distances. It is a wealthy country with a highly developed mental health system in which psychotherapy has a limited, but recognized, place. Group psychotherapists are a small but active community within that mental health world. Limitations in numbers, influence, and authority have left group psychotherapy on the margins of universities and major mental health organizations. A commitment to thoughtful clinical work, a willingness to reach out to vulnerable people, and some signs of flexibility in clinical approaches promise a strengthening of the role of group psychotherapy in Australia.


Assuntos
Psicoterapia de Grupo/organização & administração , Austrália , Humanos , Psicoterapia de Grupo/educação , Psicoterapia de Grupo/tendências
18.
Int J Group Psychother ; 65(3): 431-44, 2015 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26076206

RESUMO

Teaching group therapy is an essential aspect of graduate studies within the helping professions. Existing models discuss four basic elements required for such training: experience, observation, supervised practice, and theory. The present paper offers a model for a group therapy seminar based on these four elements and organized along developmental concepts. Clinical observations of 120 psychology students who participated in the seminar were gathered over a five-year period. Teaching techniques included supervised observation, fish-bowl, one-way mirror, and a final paper integrating theory and practice. The seminar enabled students to practice and to theorize about group processes, both as participants and as co-leaders. Seminar outcomes and conclusions are discussed.


Assuntos
Currículo , Educação de Pós-Graduação/métodos , Desenvolvimento Humano , Psicoterapia de Grupo/educação , Adulto , Humanos , Adulto Jovem
20.
J Couns Psychol ; 62(2): 159-72, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25730169

RESUMO

This study investigated how novice group counseling trainees' knowledge structures about group situations differed from experts.' Eight highly experienced group therapists and 54 novice trainees indicated which of the 19 leader interventions they would consider using to respond to the 21 group situations described in the Group Therapy Questionnaire (GTQ, Wile, Bron, & Pollack, 1970). Pathfinder Network Analysis (Schvaneveldt, 1990) was used to generate knowledge structures (cognitive maps) about group situations based on the aggregated response of experts and each trainee's response to GTQ. Comparing trainees' maps with the referent expert map, we found no common errors of commission, that is, relationship between situations in trainees' knowledge maps but not in experts' knowledge maps, but 10 common errors of omission, that is, relationships among group situations in experts' knowledge maps but not in trainees' knowledge maps. Cluster analysis identified 2 subgroups of trainees. Neither of these trainee subgroups incorporated the group's developmental stage into their map of group situations as experts did: experts saw the situations during the beginning and ending phases of the group as similar but different from situations in the middle phase of the group. The first group of trainees had a holistic approach to group situations but tended to make errors in dealing with group situations involving a problematic member. The second group had an atomistic approach to group situations but lacked a clearly differentiated and structured general organization for the situations. They tended to make errors in dealing with challenging situations where the group is avoidant and lacks engagement.


Assuntos
Aconselhamento/educação , Aconselhamento/métodos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Erros Médicos , Psicoterapia de Grupo/educação , Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Erros Médicos/prevenção & controle , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
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