Bioinformatics analysis of the microRNA-mRNA network in sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid.

Sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) of the eyelid is an uncommon aggressive tumor with a relatively high rate of local recurrence and a poor prognosis following metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of SGC remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to clarify microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in SGC and to explore novel miRNA­mRNA networks of SGC. A small RNA­sequencing analysis was performed to identify miRNAs differentially expressed between SGC and sebaceous adenoma control samples. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to reveal biological functions, canonical pathways and molecular interaction networks using integrated miRNA­mRNA datasets, including mRNA expression profiles of SGC from our previous study. The present results demonstrated that 16 upregulated miRNAs and 516 downregulated mRNAs were associated with loss of lipid metabolism function and enriched in cholesterol biosynthesis pathways. By contrast, 29 downregulated miRNAs and 194 upregulated mRNAs were mainly associated with the promotion of cell survival and proliferation in addition to enrichment of DNA damage­induced cell cycle­regulation pathways. Furthermore, network analyses revealed that the upregulated miRNAs, miR­130a­3p and miR­939­5p, and the downregulated miRNAs, miR­146a­5p, miR­149­3p, miR­193a­3p, miR­195­5p and miR­4671­3p, could be upstream regulators related to these functional changes of SGC. These results improved the understanding of molecular mechanisms of SGC and may help to improve the diagnosis of SGC.

Triazol-phenyl Antipyretic Derivatives Inhibit mPGES-1 mRNA Levels in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells.

BACKGROUND: Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) catalyzes the terminal step of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, which plays an important role in the regulation of febrile response. In our previous work, ligand-based pharmacophore models, built with mPGES-1 inhibitors, were employed to identify a novel series of compounds that reduce the febrile response in rats. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to evaluate the mechanism of action of the most active compound (1). METHODS: For in vivo assays, rats were pretreated with the antipyretic compounds 1-8, 30 min before LPS injection. For in vitro assays, RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were incubated with the antipyretic compounds 1-8 for 1 hour before LPS stimulus. After 16 h, quantitative real-time PCR was carried out. Additionally, the PGE2 concentration in the hypothalamus was quantified by ELISA and the inhibitory effect of N-cyclopentyl-N'-[3-(3-cyclopropyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol- 5-yl)phenyl]ethanediamide (1) over human COX-2 enzymatic activity was determined with a COX Colorimetric Inhibitor Screening Assay Kit. RESULTS: Compound 1 and CAY10526 showed comparable efficacy to reduce the febrile response when injected i.v. (compound 1: 63.10%, CAY10526: 70.20%). Moreover, compound 1 significantly reduced the mPGES-1 mRNA levels, in RAW264.7 cells, under inflammatory conditions. A chemically-similar compound (8-) also significantly reduced the mRNA levels of the gene target. On the other hand, compounds 6 and 7, which are also somewhat similar to compound 1, did not significantly impact mPGES-1 mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS: PGE2 concentration reduction in the hypothalamus, due to compound 1 central injection, is related to decreased mPGES-1 mRNA levels but not to COX-2 inhibition (IC50> 50 µM). Therefore, compound 1 is a promising lead for innovative antipyretic drug development.