RESUMO
Las evaluaciones radiográficas de tratamientos endodón- ticos realizadas por graduados muestran un alto porcentaje de procedimientos incorrectos. Esta circunstancia lleva a la rea- lización de un elevado número de retratamientos ortógrados y retrógrados, con los inconvenientes y desventajas que conlle- va recurrir a una reintervención endodóntica. Es responsabili- dad de los profesionales, docentes y autoridades universitarias y gubernamentales revertir esta situación que afecta a la salud bucal de la sociedad. En el presente editorial se proponen di- ferentes alternativas para intentar modificar este preocupante panorama (AU)
Radiographic evaluations of endodontic treatments per- formed by graduates show a high percentage of incorrect procedures. This circumstance leads to the performance of a high number of orthograde and retrograde retreatments, with the inconveniences and disadvantages that entails resorting to an endodontic reintervention. It is the responsibility of pro- fessionals, teachers, university and government authorities to reverse this situation that affects the oral health of society. In this editorial, different alternatives are proposed to try to modify this worrying outlook (AU)
Assuntos
Tratamento do Canal Radicular/métodos , Dente não Vital/diagnóstico por imagem , Retratamento/efeitos adversos , Erros Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Falha de Restauração Dentária/estatística & dados numéricos , Educação em Odontologia/métodos , Avaliação Educacional , Endodontia/educaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) present with claudication or chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). CLTI patients have a more advanced stage of atherosclerosis and increased comorbidities compared to claudicants, and are at an elevated risk of major amputation and mortality after lower extremity revascularization (LER). However, the frequency of reinterventions for claudication and CLTI have not been compared. Our hypothesis is that patients with CLTI undergo more frequent reinterventions to prevent major amputation. METHODS: A single-center retrospective chart review of consecutive patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization (LER) for PAD in 2013-2015 was performed. Patients were stratified based on indication for revascularization into claudication or CLTI. Patient characteristics, outcomes, and reinterventions were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: There were 826 patients undergoing LER and 44% (N = 361) had CLTI. Patients treated for CLTI were more likely to be smokers (P < 0.001), to have diabetes (P< 0.001), chronic renal insufficiency (P< 0.001), end stage renal disease (P< 0.001), and cardiac disease (P< 0.001). CLTI patients were less likely to be on optimal medical management as reflected by decreased rate of aspirin (P< 0.001), ADP receptor/P2Y12 inhibitors (P< 0.001), and statins (P< 0.001) compared to patients with claudication. Patients with CLTI had significantly higher major amputation (3.7% vs. 0.2%, P< 0.001) and mortality (1.4% vs. 0.2%, P = 0.092) at 30 days. At long-term follow up, patients with CLTI had higher rates of major amputation (15.5% vs. 1.3%, P < 0.001) and mortality (37.1% vs. 18.1%, P < 0.001) compared to patients with claudication. There was a significant difference in mean follow-up time between the 2 cohorts (claudication: 3.7 ± 1.5 years versus CLTI: 2.6 ± 1.8 years, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the ipsilateral reintervention rate between the 2 groups (claudication: 39.6% vs. CLTI: 42.7%, P = 0.37) or the mean number of ipsilateral reinterventions (claudication: 2.0 ± 1.6 vs. CLTI: 2.0 ± 1.7). However, after adjusting for follow-up time, the mean number of reinterventions per year was significantly higher for CLTI patients compared to patients with claudication (1.4 ± 2.2 vs. .6 ± 0.7 intervention per year, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing LER for CLTI undergo more frequent reinterventions over time compared to patients treated for claudication. Research on reinterventions after LER should include reporting of the frequency of reintervention adjusted for the follow up period in addition to the reintervention rate defined as the percentage of patients undergoing reintervention.
Assuntos
Claudicação Intermitente/terapia , Isquemia/terapia , Doença Arterial Periférica/terapia , Retratamento , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Amputação Cirúrgica , Doença Crônica , Comorbidade , Connecticut , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , Feminino , Humanos , Claudicação Intermitente/diagnóstico , Claudicação Intermitente/mortalidade , Isquemia/diagnóstico , Isquemia/mortalidade , Salvamento de Membro , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico , Doença Arterial Periférica/mortalidade , Retratamento/efeitos adversos , Retratamento/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Population-based predictive factors for the effectiveness of second-line palliative systemic therapy in gastro-oesophageal cancer are not available. This study investigates the predictive value of effectiveness of first-line treatment for second-line treatment outcomes in gastro-oesophageal cancer in a real-world setting. METHODS: Patients with metastatic gastro-oesophageal cancer diagnosed in 2010-2017 who were treated with second-line therapy after disease progression on first-line therapy were identified from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Patients were divided into four groups as per duration of time to treatment failure (TTF) of the first line (0-3, 3-6, 6-9 and >9 months), and the association with overall survival (OS) and second-line TTF was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and two-sided multivariable regression models. RESULTS: Median OS since the start of the second line of patients (n = 611) with first-line TTF of 0-3, 3-6, 6-9 and >9 months was 4.0, 4.1, 5.5 and 7.1 months, respectively (P < 0.001). Median second-line TTF of patients with first-line TTF of 0-3, 3-6, 6-9 and >9 months was 2.8, 2.4, 3.0 and 4.5 months, respectively (P < 0.001). Patients with first-line TTF of >9 months showed a longer OS than patients with first-line TTF of 0-3 months (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.90; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46-2.47), 3-6 months (adjusted HR 1.88; 95% CI 1.47-2.39) and 6-9 months (adjusted HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.04-1.65). Results for second-line TTF were similar. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a positive correlation between effectiveness of first-line therapy and outcomes of second-line therapy in gastro-oesophageal cancer. Physicians should take duration of the first line into account when considering second-line palliative systemic therapy.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Esofágicas/terapia , Retratamento , Neoplasias Gástricas/terapia , Idoso , Progressão da Doença , Neoplasias Esofágicas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos , Cuidados Paliativos , Retratamento/efeitos adversos , Retratamento/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Fatores de Tempo , Falha de TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: A definitive treatment for patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm considering age and comorbidities has not been identified. In the present study, we retrospectively validated treatment outcomes in Japanese patients and proposed the treatment strategy of open surgical repair (OSR) and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data for patients undergoing EVAR or OSR between 2006 and 2017. Patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm were excluded. We examined post-operative complications, operative mortality, re-intervention and prognosis. RESULTS: Throughout the study period, 405 patients underwent EVAR and 176 patients underwent OSR. The percentage of patients with post-operative complications was 35.8% in the OSR group, compared with 13.1% in the EVAR group (P < 0.01). The operative mortality rate was 0.49% in the EVAR group and 0.57% in the OSR group (P = 1.00). With a multivariate analysis, age, hemodialysis, modified Frailty Index (mFI), and OSR were risk factors for post-operative complications. The 5-year re-intervention free survival rate was 63.0 % with hostile neck EVAR compared with 83.1 % with favorable neck EVAR and 86.1 % with OSR group (P < 0.01). With a multivariate analysis, hemodialysis, mFI, and hostile neck EVAR were risk factors for re-intervention. The 5-year overall survival rate was 51.9 % with hostile neck EVAR compared with 73.2 % with favorable neck EVAR and 79.0 % with OSR group (P < 0.01). With a multivariate analysis, age, mFI, and hostile neck EVAR were poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Age, mFI, hemodialysis and hostile neck anatomy are useful predictors of post-operative complications, re-intervention and overall survival, and could be useful for informing treatment selection between OSR and EVAR.
Assuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Retratamento , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Algoritmos , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/complicações , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/mortalidade , Implante de Prótese Vascular/mortalidade , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Procedimentos Endovasculares/mortalidade , Feminino , Fragilidade/complicações , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Retratamento/efeitos adversos , Retratamento/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Nivolumab has shown good prognosis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients previously treated with targeted therapy. We aimed to study irAE (immune-related adverse event) due to nivolumab and numbers of previous treatment lines in RCC patients. Between October 2016 and November 2019, 114 patients were treated with nivolumab as second- and later-line therapy. Among them, 110 patients with complete data were evaluated in this retrospective observational study. The primary endpoint was the relation between irAE and numbers of previous targeted therapies. Secondary endpoints were the relation of irAE with the duration of nivolumab treatment and with best overall response. For the primary analysis, proportional odds logistic regression was used to assess the effect of the number of prior therapies on the grade of any irAE as the ordinal variable. For the secondary analysis, binomial logistic regression models adjusted for the covariates were prepared to confirm the association between the incidence of irAE and the number of courses, number of nivolumab treatments and best overall response. Overall, 69, 66, 33, 13, 9 and 9 patients were treated with sunitinib, axitinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, temsirolimus and everolimus, respectively, prior to nivolumab. In total, 60 adverse events (Grade 1, 21; Grade 2, 21; Grade 3, 14; Grade 4, 2; not evaluated, 2) were identified in the patients treated with nivolumab. Ordered logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratios of numbers of prior treatment for grade of irAE were 1.12 (numbers of prior treatment: 2 to 1) and 1.31 (3 to 1). Odds ratios of the numbers of nivolumab treatments and best overall response for the incidence of irAE were not significant. No statistically significant relations were found between grade of irAE and numbers of treatments prior to nivolumab. Patients treated with nivolumab should be closely monitored for irAE regardless number of previous therapies.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma de Células Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Nivolumabe/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma de Células Renais/imunologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esquema de Medicação , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/diagnóstico , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nivolumabe/administração & dosagem , Razão de Chances , Retratamento/efeitos adversos , Retratamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco/estatística & dados numéricos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The continuous advances in the treatment landscape of multiple myeloma has led to the approval of several novel agents and their combinations that significantly improved patient outcomes. Despite their undoubtful effectiveness in the context of clinical trials, their impact on real-world (RW) clinical practice remains debatable. RW data on the role of novel agents and their combinations among patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma have confirmed the efficacy of proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and monoclonal antibodies. However, the magnitude of the benefit and the safety profile may differ among RW studies and between RW and pivotal clinical trials. Several variables may pertain to these observations and include patient selection, ethnicity, age, comorbidities, disease stage at diagnosis and at relapse, number of prior lines of therapy, disease subtype, presence of renal impairment, extramedullary disease, and cytogenetic abnormalities. All these contribute to a varying degree of disease and patient heterogeneity among the studies that may result in a differential treatment effect. The expertise of each medical center and the treatment setting in terms of availability and drug access are particularly important as well. Interestingly, RW observations may serve as proof of concept for designing novel clinical trials, as is the case with retreatment studies. In conclusion, clinical trial and RW data are complementary, and they should be considered to improve both clinical trial design and clinical practice.
Assuntos
Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Terapia Combinada , Gerenciamento Clínico , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Humanos , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Mieloma Múltiplo/etiologia , Mieloma Múltiplo/mortalidade , Recidiva , Retratamento/efeitos adversos , Retratamento/métodosAssuntos
Técnicas Cosméticas/efeitos adversos , Preenchedores Dérmicos/efeitos adversos , Eritema/imunologia , Ácido Hialurônico/efeitos adversos , Reação no Local da Injeção/imunologia , Adulto , Queixo , Preenchedores Dérmicos/administração & dosagem , Eritema/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Ácido Hialurônico/administração & dosagem , Inflamação/diagnóstico , Inflamação/imunologia , Reação no Local da Injeção/diagnóstico , Retratamento/efeitos adversosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms by endovascular coiling is associated with a better neurologic outcome when compared with neurosurgical clipping but has a higher risk for target aneurysm rebleeding after treatment. We hypothesize that aggressive retreatment of coiled aneurysms will lead to fewer recurrent hemorrhages as compared with historical values of 2.3%-3.0%. METHODS: All first-time Guglielmi detachable coil-embolized cerebral aneurysms were retrospectively reviewed at a single institution from 2004 to 2015. Aneurysm retreatment after first-time embolization was recorded as well as time to retreatment. Retreatment at our institution is routinely performed for incomplete coiling with etiologies including incomplete initial coiling, coil compaction, and aneurysmal dilatation. Aneurysm rerupture was treated with additional coiling. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to evaluate embolization durability. RESULTS: There were 214 aneurysms that met inclusion criteria. Mean (standard deviation) follow-up was 2.74 (2.24) years. Aneurysms that were patent or recanalized were retreated. Mean (standard deviation) time to retreatment was 9 (9) months. Overall, 46 (21.5%) aneurysms required retreatment. Retreatment was performed for coil compaction/remnant growth, recanalization, persistent remnant, and rebleed. Two (0.9%) patients had recurrent aneurysm hemorrhage and both were treated with additional coil embolization. There were no new long-term neurologic deficits caused by aneurysm retreatment. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive retreatment of previously ruptured, coiled cerebral aneurysms for persistent aneurysm patency reduces the recurrent hemorrhage risk to that historically seen in neurosurgically clipped aneurysms with minimal additional morbidity. This study validates a large body of literature demonstrating the significance of post-treatment aneurysm remnants and their association with recurrent hemorrhage.
Assuntos
Aneurisma Roto/cirurgia , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Retratamento , Adulto , Idoso , Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Embolização Terapêutica/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/efeitos adversos , Recidiva , Retratamento/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Topical agents are still the mainstay for the treatment of mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis, in which fixed combinations play an important role. Tazarotene/betamethasone dipropionate (Taz/BD) cream is a novel fixed combination approved for treating plaque psoriasis in China, but its efficacy and safety have not been verified in a real-world environment. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to investigate the efficacy and safety of Taz/BD cream in treating plaque psoriasis. The secondary objectives were to assess its relapse after discontinuation and the efficacy and safety profiles during retreatment. METHODS: A prospective, multicenter, large-scale observational study was conducted. Adult patients with chronic plaque psoriasis involving <20% of the body surface area were enrolled. Taz/BD cream was applied once daily for 4 weeks. Patients who achieved ≥90% improvement in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) from baseline to week 4 were followed up to investigate relapse after drug withdrawal. Relapsed patients underwent another 4-week treatment. RESULTS: In total, 2,299 eligible patients were enrolled, and 2,095 patients (91.1%) completed the 4-week study. The mean PASI improvement at week 4 was 53.7%, and the PASI 50/75 response rates were 62.5 and 26.8%, respectively. The mean PASI reduction in plaque induration, desquamation and erythema were 58.3, 61.0 and 40.0%, respectively (p < 0.001). Adverse reactions occurred in 445 patients (20.8%) at week 4. The most frequently reported adverse reactions were local skin irritation, including pruritus (10%), pain (6.7%), erythema (6.1%) and desquamation (1.8%). During the post-treatment period, 47 patients (24.0%) relapsed within 8 weeks after drug discontinuation. Forty-five patients were retreated for another 4 weeks, and the PASI 50/75 response rates were 72.7 and 40.9%, respectively. There were no unexpected safety signals during retreatment. CONCLUSION: Taz/BD cream is effective and well tolerated in treating mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis under near real-world conditions and demonstrates efficacy and safety during retreatment.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Betametasona/análogos & derivados , Fármacos Dermatológicos/uso terapêutico , Ácidos Nicotínicos/uso terapêutico , Psoríase/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Cutânea , Adulto , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Betametasona/efeitos adversos , Betametasona/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Dermatológicos/administração & dosagem , Combinação de Medicamentos , Eritema/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ácidos Nicotínicos/efeitos adversos , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Estudos Prospectivos , Prurido/induzido quimicamente , Recidiva , Retratamento/efeitos adversos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Creme para a PeleRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To assess clinical predictors and outcomes associated to the need for surfactant retreatment in preterm infants. Methods: Retrospective cohort study, including very low birth weight preterm infants from January 2006 to December 2015 who underwent surfactant replacement therapy. Beractant was used (100 mg/kg), repeated every six hours if FiO2 ≥0.40. The subjects were classified into two groups: single surfactant dose; and more than one dose (retreatment). We evaluated maternal and neonatal predictors for the need of retreatment and neonatal outcomes associated to retreatment. Results: A total of 605 patients (44.5%) received surfactant; 410 (67.8%) one dose, and 195 (32.2%) more than one dose: 163 (83.5%) two doses and 32 (16.4%) three doses. We could not find clinical predictors for surfactant retreatment. Retreatment was associated to a greater chance of BPD in infants >1000 g (RR 1.78; 95%CI 1.30‒2.45) and ≤1000 g (RR 1.33; 95%CI 1.04‒1.70), in infants with gestational age<28 weeks (RR 1.56; 95%CI 1.12‒2.18) and ≥28 weeks (RR 1.50; 95%CI 1.17‒1.92), in neonates with early sepsis (RR 1.48; 95%CI 1.20‒1.81), and in infants not exposed to antenatal corticosteroids (RR 1.62; 95%CI 1.20‒2.17) Conclusions: We could not find predictor factors associated to surfactant retreatment. The need for two or more doses of surfactant was significantly related to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar preditores clínicos e resultados associados à necessidade de retratamento com surfactante. Métodos: Coorte retrospectiva com prematuros de muito baixo peso, no período de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2015, em uso de terapia de reposição de surfactante. O surfactante utilizado foi beractante (100 mg/kg), repetido a cada seis horas se FiO2≥0.40. Foram analisados dois grupos: dose única de surfactante e mais de uma dose (retratamento). Foram avaliados preditores maternos e neonatais para retratamento e resultados neonatais. Resultados: 605 pacientes (44,5%) receberam surfactante; 410 (67,8%) uma dose e 195 (32,2%) mais de uma dose: 163 (83,5%) duas doses e 32 (16.4%) três doses. Não foram encontrados fatores associados ao retratamento com surfactante. A displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) foi associada ao retratamento (p<0.01). A presença de retratamento aumentou a chance de ocorrência de DBP em neonatos >1000 g (RR 1,78; IC95% 1,30‒2,45) e ≤1000 g (RR 1,33; IC95% 1,04‒1,70), em recém-nascidos com idade gestacional <28 semanas (RR 1,56; IC95% 1,12‒218) e ≥28 semanas (RR 1,50; IC95% 1,17‒1,92), naqueles com sepse precoce (RR 1,48; IC95% 1,20‒1,81), e nos que não foram expostos ao corticoide antenatal (RR 1,62; IC95% 1,20‒2,17). Conclusões: Não encontramos fatores preditores associados à necessidade de retratamento. A necessidade de duas ou mais doses de surfactante está associada à displasia broncopulmonar.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/tratamento farmacológico , Produtos Biológicos/administração & dosagem , Surfactantes Pulmonares/administração & dosagem , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Idade Gestacional , Retratamento/efeitos adversos , Retratamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Recém-Nascido de Peso Extremamente Baixo ao Nascer , Lactente Extremamente PrematuroRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical predictors and outcomes associated to the need for surfactant retreatment in preterm infants. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study, including very low birth weight preterm infants from January 2006 to December 2015 who underwent surfactant replacement therapy. Beractant was used (100 mg/kg), repeated every six hours if FiO2 ≥0.40. The subjects were classified into two groups: single surfactant dose; and more than one dose (retreatment). We evaluated maternal and neonatal predictors for the need of retreatment and neonatal outcomes associated to retreatment. RESULTS: A total of 605 patients (44.5%) received surfactant; 410 (67.8%) one dose, and 195 (32.2%) more than one dose: 163 (83.5%) two doses and 32 (16.4%) three doses. We could not find clinical predictors for surfactant retreatment. Retreatment was associated to a greater chance of BPD in infants >1000 g (RR 1.78; 95%CI 1.30â2.45) and ≤1000 g (RR 1.33; 95%CI 1.04â1.70), in infants with gestational age<28 weeks (RR 1.56; 95%CI 1.12â2.18) and ≥28 weeks (RR 1.50; 95%CI 1.17â1.92), in neonates with early sepsis (RR 1.48; 95%CI 1.20â1.81), and in infants not exposed to antenatal corticosteroids (RR 1.62; 95%CI 1.20â2.17). CONCLUSIONS: We could not find predictor factors associated to surfactant retreatment. The need for two or more doses of surfactant was significantly related to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos/administração & dosagem , Surfactantes Pulmonares/administração & dosagem , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido de Peso Extremamente Baixo ao Nascer , Lactente Extremamente Prematuro , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/mortalidade , Retratamento/efeitos adversos , Retratamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Sulfasalazine-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (SIHS) is a serious systemic delayed adverse drug reaction that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we report the first case, to our knowledge, of a patient with previously unidentified SIHS who developed a significantly more rapid and extreme recurrence on re-exposure to sulfasalazine. The patient is a 58-year-old woman with asymptomatic Crohn's disease who, 10 days after initiating sulfasalazine, developed fevers, diffuse rash, pancytopenia, hypotension and hepatitis without a definitive source of infection. Sixteen days after her first hospitalisation, she was restarted on sulfasalazine and was readmitted within 10 hours with a similar but more serious presentation, requiring vasopressors. She did recover completely without any further recurrence to date, after definitively discontinuing sulfasalazine. This case demonstrates the importance of recognising SIHS early in patients to prevent re-exposure to sulfasalazine and to ensure timely initiation of appropriate treatment.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Hipersensibilidade a Medicamentos/etiologia , Sulfassalazina/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Retratamento/efeitos adversosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The previous researches aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for ulcerative colitis (UC) in a short-term observation. The present study aimed to explore the optimum timing of FMT for maintaining the long-term clinical benefits and to target the gut microbiota that may help to predict the long-term success or failure of FMT in UC. METHODS: Two hundred two patients with UC were recruited from November 2012 to September 2018. The primary endpoint of this study was the maintaining time of the first and second courses of FMT. Relapse was defined as partial Mayo score ≥2 after achieving clinical remission and an increase of partial Mayo score ≥1 after achieving clinical response. The stool samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS: The median maintaining time of the efficacy was 120 days (IQR, 45-180) and 182.5 days (IQR, 105-311.25) from the first course and second course of FMT, respectively. No FMT-related serious adverse events were observed. The differences of the relative abundance in Eggerthella, Lactobacillus, and Ruminococcus between pre-FMT and 5 days post-FMT were remarkably correlated with the long-term clinical remission (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION: This study demonstrated that patients with UC should undergo the second course of FMT within 4 months after the first course of FMT for maintaining the long-term clinical benefits. The short-term alterations of microbiota after FMT may be conducive to predicting the long-term efficacy of FMT in UC (see Visual Abstract, Supplementary Digital Content, http://links.lww.com/CTG/A363).
Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa/terapia , Transplante de Microbiota Fecal/métodos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Tempo para o Tratamento , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Colite Ulcerativa/imunologia , Colite Ulcerativa/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/isolamento & purificação , Transplante de Microbiota Fecal/efeitos adversos , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Indução de Remissão/métodos , Retratamento/efeitos adversos , Retratamento/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has a low survival outcome and a high non-relapse mortality (NRM) rate which is a major obstacle to this treatment. We hypothesized that the status of malnourishment after first allo-HSCT as represented by the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) could be used as a prognostic factor to determine the outcomes of second allo-HSCT. A total of 108 patients with a median age of 42 (range, 17-69) years, who received second allo-HSCT for disease recurrence after first allo-HSCT from our institution, were included in this study. Low GNRI had a significant impact on NRM at 2 years after second allo-HSCT: 56.9% in patients with GNRI ≤ 92 compared with 27.5% in patients with GNRI > 92 (P = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, GNRI of ≤ 92 was the only significant factor for NRM (hazard ratio [HR] 2.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-4.56, P = 0.018). High-risk disease status at second allo-HSCT (HR 2.74, 95% CI 1.46-5.14, P = 0.002) and GNRI of ≤ 92 (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.02-2.82, P = 0.042) were identified as significant factors for overall survival (OS). A score of 1 was assigned to each factor, and the OS rate at 2 years after second allo-HSCT decreased according to the score: 53.0% in patients with score 0, 32.3% with score 1, and 2.5% with score 2 (P < 0.001). In conclusion, GNRI could be a useful predictor for the outcomes of second allo-HSCT. A prospective study in other cohorts is warranted to validate the findings of our study.
Assuntos
Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Neoplasias Hematológicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hematológicas/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Estado Nutricional , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/complicações , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/diagnóstico , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/mortalidade , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Neoplasias Hematológicas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hematológicas/patologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/etiologia , Desnutrição/mortalidade , Desnutrição/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Recidiva , Retratamento/efeitos adversos , Retratamento/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida , Transplante Homólogo/efeitos adversos , Transplante Homólogo/métodos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Patients with cancer who developed severe, grade 3 or 4 immune-related adverse events (irAEs) during therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors are at risk for developing severe toxicities again on rechallenge with checkpoint inhibitors. Consequently, medical oncologists and multidisciplinary teams are hesitant to retreat in this scenario, despite the fact that a number of patients may derive clinical benefit from this approach. Balancing such clinical benefit and treatment-related toxicities for each patient is becoming increasingly challenging as more and more patients with cancer are being treated with checkpoint inhibitors. In this manuscript, we provide an extensive overview of the relevant literature on retreatment after toxicity, and suggest prophylactic approaches to minimize the risk of severe irAE following rechallenge with immune checkpoint blockade, since treatment may be lifesaving in a number of occasions.
Assuntos
Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/imunologia , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Seleção de Pacientes , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Retratamento/efeitos adversos , Retratamento/métodos , Medição de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of multiple- versus single-dose gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) addition to luteal phase support (LPS), in patients with a first in vitro fertilization (IVF) failure associated with luteal phase deficiency (LPD). METHODS: Eighty patients with a first IVF failure associated with LPD were randomly assigned into single-dose and multiple-dose GnRH-a groups. In the second IVF attempt, patients in the single-dose group were given standard LPS plus a single dose of GnRH-a 6 days after oocyte retrieval. Patients in the multiple-dose group received standard LPS plus 14 daily injections of GnRH-a. Children conceived were followed up for 2 years. RESULTS: Pregnancy (67.5% vs. 42.5%), clinical pregnancy (50.0% vs. 22.5%), and live birth rates (42.5% vs. 20.0%) were significantly higher in the multiple-dose versus single-dose GnRH-a group. Patients in the multiple-dose GnRH-a group had significantly higher progesterone levels 14 days after oocyte recovery (35.9 vs. 21.4 ng/mL). No significant difference existed in the status at birth or developmental and behavior assessments of 2-year-old children conceived in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Daily addition of GnRH-a to standard LPS can achieve better pregnancy outcomes with a sustained safety profile in patients with a first IVF failure associated with LPD.
Assuntos
Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina/administração & dosagem , Fertilização in vitro/métodos , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/agonistas , Infertilidade Feminina/terapia , Fase Luteal/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Gonadotropina Coriônica/administração & dosagem , Gonadotropina Coriônica/efeitos adversos , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina/efeitos adversos , Fertilização in vitro/efeitos adversos , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante Humano/administração & dosagem , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante Humano/efeitos adversos , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Infertilidade Feminina/sangue , Nascido Vivo , Fase Luteal/sangue , Indução da Ovulação/efeitos adversos , Indução da Ovulação/métodos , Gravidez , Taxa de Gravidez , Progesterona/sangue , Estudos Prospectivos , Proteínas Recombinantes/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Recombinantes/efeitos adversos , Retratamento/efeitos adversos , Retratamento/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Reinterventions after lower extremity revascularization (LER) are common. Current outcome measures assessing durability of revascularization rely on freedom from reintervention but do not account for the frequency of repeated LER. The aim of this study is to compare the reintervention index, defined as the mean number of repeat LER, after open and endovascular revascularization. We hypothesized that endovascular procedures have reduced durability and increased frequency of reinterventions. METHODS: A retrospective review of the charts of consecutive patients undergoing LER for peripheral artery disease (PAD) in 2013-2014 by multiple specialties in a tertiary care center was performed. Patients were divided into open and endovascular groups based on the first LER procedure performed during the study period. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. Multivariable regression was performed to determine factors associated with reintervention. RESULTS: There were 367 patients (Endo = 316, Open = 51). A total of 211 patients underwent 497 reinterventions (reintervention rate = 57.5%, reintervention index = 2.35 ± 2.02 procedures [range 1-11]). Patients in the open group were more likely to be smokers (P = 0.018) and to have prior open LER (P = 0.003), while patients in the endovascular group were older (P < 0.001) and more likely to have cardiovascular comorbidities. On follow-up, there was no difference in overall or ipsilateral reintervention rates or reintervention indices between endovascular and open LER. Major amputation was significantly higher after open LER (19.61% vs. 8.54%, P = 0.013) but there was no difference in survival (P = 0.448). Multivariable analysis did not show a significant relationship between type of procedure and reintervention. CONCLUSIONS: The reintervention index provides a measure to assess the frequency of repeat LER. Patients with PAD, in this study, are afflicted with similar extent of reinterventions after open and endovascular LER.
Assuntos
Endarterectomia , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , Doença Arterial Periférica/terapia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Retratamento , Enxerto Vascular , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Amputação Cirúrgica , Pesquisa Comparativa da Efetividade , Endarterectomia/efeitos adversos , Endarterectomia/mortalidade , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Salvamento de Membro , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Arterial Periférica/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Retratamento/efeitos adversos , Retratamento/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Enxerto Vascular/efeitos adversos , Enxerto Vascular/mortalidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Repeat transarterial chemoembolisation (rTACE) is often required for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to achieve disease control, however, current practice guidelines regarding treatment allocation vary significantly. This study aims to identify key factors associated with patient survival following rTACE to facilitate treatment allocation and prognostic discussion. METHOD: Patients with HCC undergoing rTACE at six Australian tertiary centers from 2009 to 2014 were included. Variables encompassing clinical, tumour, treatment type and response factors were analysed against the primary outcome of overall survival. Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox regression modelling were used to identify factors pre- and post-TACE therapy significantly associated with survival. RESULTS: Total of 292 consecutive patients underwent rTACE with mainly Child Pugh A cirrhosis (61%) and BCLC stage A (57%) disease. Median overall survival (OS) was 30 months (IQR 15.2-50.2) from initial TACE. On multivariate analysis greater tumour number (p = 0.02), higher serum bilirubin (p = 0.007) post initial TACE, and hepatic decompensation (p = 0.001) post second TACE were associated with reduced survival. Patients with serum AFP ≥ 200 ng/ml following initial TACE had lower survival (p = 0.001), compared to patients with serum AFP level that remained < 200 ng/ml post-initial TACE, with an overall survival of 19.4 months versus 34.7 months (p = 0.0001) respectively. CONCLUSION: Serum AFP level following initial treatment in patients undergoing repeat TACE for HCC is a simple and useful clinical prognostic marker. Moreover, it has the potential to facilitate appropriate patient selection for rTACE particularly when used in conjunction with baseline tumour burden and severity of hepatic dysfunction post-initial TACE.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Quimioembolização Terapêutica/métodos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/terapia , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análise , Idoso , Austrália/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/sangue , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Quimioembolização Terapêutica/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangue , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/sangue , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/mortalidade , Seleção de Pacientes , Prognóstico , Retratamento/efeitos adversos , Retratamento/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who survive an anticoagulant-related intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), the benefits of restarting oral anticoagulation (OAC) remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we sought to determine the effectiveness and safety associated with resumption of OAC in atrial fibrillation patients who survive an ICH. METHODS: Using 2010-2016 Medicare claims data, we identified patients with non-valvular AF who experienced an OAC-related ICH and survived at least 6 weeks after the ICH (n = 1502). The primary outcomes included the composite of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA), thromboembolism (TE), a composite of ischemic stroke/TIA and TE, recurrent ICH, and all-cause mortality. We constructed Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the association between post-ICH OAC resumption, which was measured in a time-dependent manner, and the risk of primary outcomes, while controlling for a comprehensive list of covariates. RESULTS: Among patients who survived an ICH, 69% reinitiated OAC within 6 weeks of the event, and among those who resumed OAC, 83% restarted warfarin. There was no significant difference in the risk of ischemic stroke/TIA (hazard ratio [HR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62-1.21), TE (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.55-1.32), and ischemic stroke/TIA/TE (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.61-1.07) between post-ICH OAC use and non-use. Post-ICH OAC use was associated with a lower risk of recurrent ICH (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41-0.95) and all-cause mortality (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.37-0.62) compared with non-OAC use. CONCLUSIONS: In AF patients who survived an ICH, restarting OAC was not associated with a greater risk of recurrent ICH. Evidence from randomized controlled studies is needed to further clarify the clinical benefit of restarting OAC in this high-risk population. Further evaluation of which individuals benefit from restarting OAC is also needed to provide more clinical guidance.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Hemorragias Intracranianas , AVC Isquêmico/prevenção & controle , Retratamento , Idoso , Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hemorragias Intracranianas/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragias Intracranianas/epidemiologia , Hemorragias Intracranianas/prevenção & controle , AVC Isquêmico/etiologia , Masculino , Medicare Part D/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Seleção de Pacientes , Retratamento/efeitos adversos , Retratamento/métodos , Retratamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Risco Ajustado , Medição de Risco , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Respiratory support in the form of mechanical ventilation is a crucial intervention in premature neonates, with respiratory problems. However, prolonged mechanical ventilation and endotracheal intubation may be associated with major adverse effects. The ideal time for extubation is based on clinical and laboratory parameters assessed at the time of planned extubation. However, such parameters are not very objective, which makes extubation in NICUs a trial-and-error approach. OBJECTIVE: This work was done to assess the use of extubation bundle including modified spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) (10 minutes) to reduce the rate of reintubation, among preterm neonates≤30 weeks who were mechanically ventilated and extubated to non-invasive ventilation in the NICU, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar. METHODS: A prospective study based on the collection of data regarding preterm neonates≤30 weeks gestation admitted to the NICU, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC), from January, 2015 to December, 2017, who were subjected to mechanical ventilation (MV) and extubation. When the clinical team decides a newborn is ready for extubation based on the extubation bundle, a modified SBT (10âmin) is used. RESULTS: This study included 465 premature babies from 24-≤30 weeks recruited in the NICU, Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC). Extubation bundle with modified SBT was able to predict success of extubation with 95% sensitivity and 90.4% Positive Predictive Value (PPV) in the gestational age (GA) group 24 -≤27 weeks (245) and 95.3% sensitivity and 90% PPV in the GA groupâ>â27 -≤30 weeks (220). As expected, successfully extubated babies had a higher GA and weighed more at extubation, compared to babies who required re-intubation. CONCLUSION: We recommend the extubation bundle with modified SBT prior to elective extubation to be used in predicting successful extubation in premature babies. Guidelines for extubation among premature babies are needed in order to reduce unnecessary exposure to adverse effects of mechanical ventilation.