First evidence of the activity of an entomopathogenic fungus against the eggs of Sarcoptes scabiei.

The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana has been successfully used for the control of phytopathogenic arthropods and there are a growing number of studies suggesting that this kind of fungus could also be used for the control of ectoparasites in mammals. This study evaluated for the first time the efficacy of different Beauveria strains against the eggs of Sarcoptes scabiei collected from experimentally infected pigs. Eggs were exposed to fungal conidia and monitored for hatching over 10 days. The strongest effect (28.75 % of hatching inhibition) was obtained with a commercial B. bassiana strain. Furthermore, the detection of fungal genomic within the surface-cleaned eggs demonstrated the ability of B. bassiana to penetrate and proliferate in the egg-shell of S. scabiei. This study provides the first evidence, using molecular techniques, that the development of mycoacaricides may be of interest for the control of S. scabiei infection.

High-throughput metagenome analysis of the Sarcoptes scabiei internal microbiota and in-situ identification of intestinal Streptomyces sp.

Multiple parasitic arthropods of medical importance depend on symbiotic bacteria. While the link between scabies and secondary bacterial infections causing post infective complications of Group A streptococcal and staphylococcal pyoderma is increasingly recognized, very little is known about the microbiota of Sarcoptes scabiei. Here we analyze adult female mite and egg metagenome datasets. The majority of adult mite bacterial reads matched with Enterobacteriaceae (phylum Proteobacteria), followed by Corynebacteriaceae (phylum Actinobacteria). Klebsiella was the most dominant genus (78%) and Corynebacterium constituted 9% of the assigned sequences. Scabies mite eggs had a more diverse microbial composition with sequences from Proteobacteria being the most dominant (75%), while Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes accounted for 23% of the egg microbiome sequences. DNA sequences of a potential endosymbiont, namely Streptomyces, were identified in the metagenome sequence data of both life stages. The presence of Streptomyces was confirmed by conventional PCR. Digital droplet PCR indicated higher Streptomyces numbers in adult mites compared to eggs. Streptomyces were localized histologically in the scabies mite gut and faecal pellets by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH). Streptomyces may have essential symbiotic roles in the scabies parasite intestinal system requiring further investigation.

Importancia de la atención de enfermería en la sarna Noruega / Importance of nursing care in the Norwegian Scabies

La sarna noruega fue descrita inicialmente en enfermos leprosos en 1848. Se reporta esta variedad de escabiosis en pacientes cubanos. La muestra se compone de 9 enfermos atendidos en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí" en el período enero de 1994 a junio de 1996, la cual ocasionó epidemia en sus áreas de procedencia. Es objetivo de este trabajo indicar la labor de Enfermería en la prevención y cura de esta enfermedad; se destaca el prurito severo observado en estos enfermos, el cual es usualmente ligero o está ausente. Se señala la importancia de la labor de Enfermería, en el tratamiento y control epidemiológico de cada enfermo diagnosticado. Se recomienda el aislamiento dermatológico y las medidas profilácticas en el personal que está en contacto directo con estos pacientes. El método utilizado fue la revisión clínica epidemiológica y la observación directa y quedó evidenciada la reemergencia de esta afección, la importancia de la labor de Enfermería y el aislamiento dermatológico en la prevención y tratamiento de los enfermos con sarna noruega(AU)

Norwegian scabies was initially described in lepers in 1848. This variety of scabies is reported in Cuban patients. The sample is composed of 9 patients, who caused an epidemic in their areas of origin and were attended at "Pedro Kouri" Institute of Tropical Medicine from January, 1994, to June, 1996. The objective of this paper is to make emphasis on the role played by nursing care in the prevention and cure of this disease. The severe pruritus observed in these patients, which is usually mild or is absent, is stressed. The importance of nursing care in the treatment and epidemiological control of every diagnosed patient is underlined. The dermatological isolation of these patients is recommended, as well as the taking of prophylactic measures on the part of the personnel treating them directly. The method used consisted in the clinical and epidemiological review and in the direct observation, which allowed to prove the reappearance of this affection and the importance of nursing care and of the dermatological isolation in the prevention and treatment of those patients suffering from Norwegian scabies(AU)

Tratamento da sarna crostosa com ivermectina / Crusted scabies treatment with ivermectin

O tratamento da sarna crostosa (SC) usualmente representa um desafio. Uma paciente portadora de SC foi tratada com sucesso com duas doses de ivermectina por via oral. Entretanto, houve recidiva do quadro um mês após, evidenciando tanto a importância do tratamento dos contactantes quanto o fato de a ivermectina näo possuir efeito residual após um mês. A ivermectina é droga promissora no tratamento da escabiose, principalmente de sua variante crostosa

Fatores epidemiológicos de risco associados à escabiose / Epidemiological risk factors associated to scabies

Os autores fazem breve levantamento da atual situaçäo da escabiose, demonstrando sua alta incidência entre as principais afecçöes dermatológicas. Revisam os principais fatores epidemiológicos de risco e discutem sua importância na manutençäo dessa dermatozoonose. Concluem o trabalho ressaltando o papel dos conhecimentos epidemiológicos e de outros fatores intrinsicamente associados à afecçäo para a elaboraçäo de programas dirigidos a seu real e efetivo controle

Association of Malassezia (Pityrosporum) pachydermatis with sarcoptic mange in New York State.

Malassezia (Pityrosporum) pachydermatis consistently accompanied sarcoptic mange in all red foxes (Vulpes fulva), porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum), and coyotes (Canis latrans) examined. This yeastlike microorganism has not heretofore been reported on any of these hosts. Its presence on the exoskeleton of Sarcoptes scabiei taken from these animals suggests a carrier role for the mite. The yeast may be saprophytic or a secondary pathogen.