RESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recent research has increasingly focused on the role of the gastric microbiome in the development of gastric cancer. We aimed to investigate the changes in the microbiome during gastric carcinogenesis in structural and functional aspects, with a specific focus on the association between oral and gastric microbiomes. METHODS: We collected saliva, gastric juice, and gastric tissue samples from 141 patients at different stages of gastric carcinogenesis and processed them for microbiome analysis using 16S rRNA gene profiling. The alpha and beta diversities were analyzed, and the differences in microbiome composition and function profiles were analyzed among the groups, as well as the correlation between changes in the oral and gastric microbiomes during carcinogenesis. RESULTS: We observed significant differences in microbial diversity and composition between the disease and control groups, primarily in the gastric juice. Specific bacterial strains, including Schaalia odontolytica, Streptococcus cristatus, and Peptostreptococcus stomatis, showed a significant increase in abundance in the gastric juice in the low-grade dysplasia and gastric cancer groups. Notably, the correlation between the oral and gastric microbiota compositions, increased as the disease progressed. Predictive analysis of the metagenomic functional profiles revealed changes in functional pathways that may be associated with carcinogenesis (ABC transport and two-component systems). CONCLUSION: During gastric carcinogenesis, the abundance of oral commensals associated with cancer increased in the stomach. The similarity in microbial composition between the stomach and oral cavity also increased, implying a potential role of oral-gastric bacterial interactions in gastric cancer development.
Assuntos
Suco Gástrico , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Saliva , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/microbiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Idoso , Saliva/microbiologia , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Ribotipagem , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Boca/microbiologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiologia , Carcinogênese , Estômago/microbiologia , MetagenômicaRESUMO
Gastric juice analysis may be useful for clinical purposes, including the detection of H. pylori infection and diffuse atrophic gastritis on gastric mucosa. EndoFaster is a novel device which performs real-time analysis of gastric juice revealing the infection and hypochlorhydria by measuring ammonium concentrations and pH levels. This review aimed to evaluate the clinical applications of such a tool. By considering data from overall 11 studies, the values of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were 90%, 86%, 67%, 96%, 87%, 8.5, and 0.13, respectively, for H. pylori diagnosis, and 83%, 92%, 58%, 97%, 91%, 9.9 and 0.2, respectively, for suspecting diffuse atrophic gastritis. The very high value of negative predictive values for both H. pylori and mucosal atrophy would allow avoiding to perform useless negative gastric biopsies when the results of the test are negative. Some promising data suggest that gastric juice analysis may be useful also to diagnose H. pylori infection in patients with chronic active gastritis without evidence of bacteria at histology, as well as in predicting persistent acid reflux in patients on proton pump inhibitor therapy for reflux disease.
Assuntos
Gastrite Atrófica , Gastrite , Refluxo Gastroesofágico , Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Humanos , Gastrite Atrófica/patologia , Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Gastrite/patologia , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/patologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologiaRESUMO
Probiotic microorganisms are increasing their interest today due to the benefits they provide to humans. Vinegar is the process of processing foods containing carbohydrates that can be fermented by acetic acid bacteria and yeasts. Hawthorn vinegar is also important in terms of amino acids, aromatic compounds, organic acids, vitamins and minerals it contains. Depending on the variety of microorganisms in it, the content of hawthorn vinegar changes, especially its biological activity. Bacteria were isolated from handmade hawthorn vinegar obtained in this study. After performing its genotypic characterization, it has been tested that it can grow in low pH environment, survive in artificial gastric and small intestinal fluid, survive against bile acids, surface adhesion characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility, adhesion, and degrade various cholesterol precursors. According to the results obtained, the studied isolate is Levilactobacillus brevis, it can reproduce best at pH 6.3, survives 72.22% in simulated gastric juice, 69.59% in small intestinal fluid, and 97% adhesion to HTC-116. Partially reproduces even in the presence of 2% ox-bile, surface hydrophobicity is 46.29% for n-hexadecane. It has been determined that it can degrade 4 different cholesterol precursors except for Sodium thioglycolate and is generally resistant to antibiotics except for CN30 and N30. Considering the experimental findings of Levilactobacillus brevis isolated from hawthorn vinegar for the first time, it can be said that Levilactobacillus brevis has probiotic properties.
Assuntos
Ácido Acético , Levilactobacillus brevis , Probióticos , Humanos , Crataegus/microbiologia , Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Levilactobacillus brevis/efeitos dos fármacos , Levilactobacillus brevis/genética , Levilactobacillus brevis/isolamento & purificação , Levilactobacillus brevis/metabolismo , Probióticos/isolamento & purificação , Probióticos/metabolismo , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Células HCT116 , Aderência Bacteriana , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/farmacologia , Interações Hidrofóbicas e HidrofílicasRESUMO
Studies of microbiota reveal inter-relationships between the microbiomes of the gut and lungs. This relationship may influence the progression of lung disease, particularly in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), who often experience extraoesophageal reflux (EOR). Despite identifying this relationship, it is not well characterised. Our hypothesis is that the gastric and lung microbiomes in CF are related, with the potential for aerodigestive pathophysiology. We evaluated gastric and sputum bacterial communities by culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 13 CF patients. Impacts of varying levels of bile acids, pepsin and pH on patient isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) were evaluated. Clonally related strains of Pa and NTM were identified in gastric and sputum samples from patients with symptoms of EOR. Bacterial diversity was more pronounced in sputa compared to gastric juice. Gastric and lung bile and pepsin levels were associated with Pa biofilm formation. Analysis of the aerodigestive microbiomes of CF patients with negative sputa indicates that the gut can be a reservoir of Pa and NTM. This combined with the CF patient's symptoms of reflux and potential aspiration, highlights the possibility of communication between microorganisms of the gut and the lungs. This phenomenon merits further research.
Assuntos
Fibrose Cística , Refluxo Gastroesofágico , Microbiota , Bactérias , Bile , Fibrose Cística/microbiologia , Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/complicações , Humanos , Pulmão/microbiologia , Microbiota/genética , Pepsina A , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Escarro/microbiologiaRESUMO
Helicobacter pylori is the most frequent cause of chronic active gastritis (CAG), namely the first step for gastric cancer development. When infection is not detected at histology, another test is advised. EndoFaster is novel device that reveal the presence of H. pylori by determining ammonium concentration in the gastric juice during endoscopy. We evaluated whether this test may improve etiological diagnosis in CAG patients. In 595 consecutive patients who underwent upper endoscopy gastric juice was analysed with EndoFaster and standard biopsies were taken. CAG with typical bacteria was detected in 102 (17.1%) patients, and CAG without H. pylori was found in 36 (6.3%) cases. EndoFaster detected the infection in 22 (61.1%) of these patients. Neither ongoing proton pump inhibitor therapy nor previous eradication therapy affect the test accuracy. By using EndoFaster, another test to search for the infection in H. pylori-negative CAG patients may be avoided in more than 60% of cases, impacting on both patients discomfort and health resources use.
Assuntos
Gastrite Atrófica , Gastrite , Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Gastrite/diagnóstico , Gastrite/microbiologia , Gastrite Atrófica/etiologia , Gastrite Atrófica/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , HumanosRESUMO
This study was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the variability of stress resistance in different strains of Campylobacter jejuni and the uncertainty of such strain variability. We developed Bayesian statistical models with multilevel analysis to quantify variability within a strain, variability between different strains, and the uncertainty associated with these estimates. Furthermore, we measured the inactivation of 11 strains of C. jejuni in simulated gastric fluid with low pH, using the Weibullian survival model. The model was first developed for separate pH conditions and then analyzed over a range of pH levels. We found that the model parameters developed under separate pH conditions exhibited a clear dependence of survival on pH. In addition, the uncertainty of the variability between different strains could be described as the joint distribution of the model parameters. The latter model, including pH dependency, accurately predicted the number of surviving cells in individual as well as multiple strains. In conclusion, variabilities and uncertainties in inactivation could be simultaneously evaluated and interpreted via a probabilistic approach based on Bayesian theory. Such hierarchical Bayesian models could be useful for understanding individual-strain variability in quantitative microbial risk assessment. IMPORTANCE Since microbial strains vary in their growth and inactivation patterns in food materials, it is important to accurately predict these patterns for quantitative microbial risk assessment. However, most previous studies in this area have used highly resistant strains, which could lead to inaccurate predictions. Moreover, variability, including measurement errors and variability within a strain and between different strains, can contribute to predicted individual-level outcomes. Therefore, a multilevel framework is required to resolve these levels of variability and estimate their uncertainties. We developed a Bayesian predictive model for the survival of Campylobacter jejuni under simulated gastric conditions taking into account the variabilities and uncertainties. We demonstrated a high correspondence between predictions from the model and empirical measurements. The modeling procedure proposed in this study recommends a novel framework for predicting pathogen behavior, which can help improve quantitative microbial risk assessment during food production and distribution.
Assuntos
Teorema de Bayes , Campylobacter jejuni , Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Modelos Teóricos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Viabilidade Microbiana , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of gastric juice-based genotypic methods for Helicobacter pylori detection and antibiotic resistance testing. METHODS: We used electronic databases including Medline, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial for literature survey using keywords such as "gastric juice", "Helicobacter pylori" and their synonyms. The quality of the studies was assessed using QUADAS-2. Summary performance measures (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve) and HSROC curves were produced. In addition, fagan plots were applied to illustrate the relationship among the prior test probability, PLR/NLR, and posterior test probability. RESULTS: Our study cohort comprised eight studies with 1235 participants (617 participants of H. pylori infection and 618 participants of non-H. pylori infection). Pooled sensitivity and specificity with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of gastric juice-based genotypic methods reflected values of 94% (95%CI, 86% - 98%) and 98% (95%CI, 85% - 100%), respectively. The global sensitivity and specificity of clarithromycin resistance were 92% (95%CI, 85% - 96%) and 90% (95%CI, 80% - 95%), respectively. CONCLUSION: Gastric juice-based genotypic methods can be used for diagnostic prediction of H. pylori infection as well as clarithromycin resistance testing.
Assuntos
Suco Gástrico , Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Claritromicina/farmacologia , Claritromicina/uso terapêutico , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Suco Gástrico/efeitos dos fármacos , Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Helicobacter/genética , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Técnicas MicrobiológicasRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: H. pylori plays a major role in gastroduodenal diseases. Since its incidence is decreasing in developed countries, gastric biopsies were negative in several patients managed in clinical practice. We tested whether EndoFasterââ¯-â¯a device allowing real-time H. pylori detection by gastric juice analysis - may optimize the need of biopsies. METHODS: In this prospective, multicentre study, the accuracy of EndoFasterâ for H. pylori detection was computed by using histology of gastric biopsies as a gold standard. RESULTS: Data of 525 consecutive patients were available, including 90 (17.1%) patients with infection. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy of EndoFasterâ were 87%, 84%, 53%, 97% and 85%, respectively. The overall accuracy of test was not affected neither by ongoing proton pump inhibitor therapy nor by previous eradication therapy. By using EndoFasterâ in our series, biopsy sampling could have been eventually avoided in a total of 279 patients, accounting for a reduction of 42.3%, accepting the risk of only 8 false negative cases. CONCLUSIONS: The very high NPV of EndoFasterâ might allow to safely halve the need of taking gastric biopsies in unselected patients managed in clinical practice, avoiding an unavailing consume of health resources.
Assuntos
Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/instrumentação , Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROCRESUMO
In this study, the presence of plasmids responsible for carbohydrate fermentation and antibiotic resistance and the stability of these plasmids in artificial gastric juice were investigated in 20 Lactobacillus plantarum strains with probiotic properties. Plasmid curing was performed with novobiocin, acriflavine and elevated incubation temperature to identify plasmids encoded with carbohydrate fermentation and antibiotic resistance genes and to compare them with artificial gastric juice. Plasmid profiling of the strains revealed that 100% of the strains were harbouring plasmids in varying sizes and numbers. The plasmid number of the potential probiotic strains ranged between 1 and 4, and the plasmid size ranged between 5.779 and 16.138 kb. The potential probiotic strains could not survive in the artificial gastric juice at pH 2.0. Although the strains maintained their viability in an artificial gastric juice at pH 2.5 and 3.0, and their derivatives lost their plasmids at a high rate (100%). Similarly, high levels of cured derivatives were obtained with 8 µg/mL novobiocin and 100 µg/mL acriflavine applications, and 24 h incubation at 43 °C. All the experiments were also performed to compare with two L. plantarum-type strains containing plasmids responsible for tetracycline and tetracycline + erythromycin resistances. Artificial gastric juice and other plasmid curing treatments caused a high-frequency loss in the antibiotic resistances of type strains. Determining plasmid stability in artificial gastric juice is a novel approach. Plasmid stability in the gastrointestinal tract is important for maintaining the plasmid-encoded probiotic properties.
Assuntos
Acriflavina/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Lactobacillus plantarum/efeitos dos fármacos , Novobiocina/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Fermentação , Suco Gástrico/efeitos dos fármacos , Temperatura Alta , Lactobacillus plantarum/genética , Plasmídeos/genética , Probióticos , Resistência a Tetraciclina/genéticaRESUMO
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been demonstrated to have roles in many applications, ranging from lowering of cholesterol to immunological development. In this study, Lactobacillus fermentum was isolated from a new-born's faeces and its genotypic and probiotic characterizations were performed. Our results showed that the survival rate of isolated Lactobacillus fermentum was 39.39% at pH 2 and 81.34% in the stimulated gastric juice at pH 3. It also digested bile salts. Its surface hydrophobicity was found to be 57.59% in n-hexane. These findings indicated that the isolate can be a good probiotic candidate.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Fezes/microbiologia , Recém-Nascido , Limosilactobacillus fermentum/isolamento & purificação , Probióticos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Ácidos e Sais Biliares , Sobrevivência Celular , Feminino , Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Genótipo , Hexanos , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Limosilactobacillus fermentum/efeitos dos fármacos , Limosilactobacillus fermentum/genética , MasculinoRESUMO
The aim of the study was to discuss the diagnostic value of gastric aspirate culture of early-onset sepsis in premature neonates. A retrospective study was conducted for 600 premature neonates of predisposing high-risk factors (gestation age from 28 to 35 weeks) hospitalized in neonatal unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The culture of gastric aspirate was performed within 24 h after birth. The sepsis group and nonsepsis group were divided by diagnosis given by 3 neonatologists. The specificity of gastric aspirate on diagnosis of sepsis was analyzed. The positive rate of gastric aspirate culture in sepsis group was higher than nonsepsis group (P < 0.05). The incidence of sepsis (P < 0.05) and positive rate of gastric aspirate culture (P < 0.05) were higher after vaginal delivery. Escherichia coli were the dominant bacteria after vaginal delivery. For premature neonates born vaginally, gastric aspirate culture may have diagnostic value for sepsis.
Assuntos
Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Sepse Neonatal/diagnóstico , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Candida albicans/isolamento & purificação , China/epidemiologia , Parto Obstétrico , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Masculino , Sepse Neonatal/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are highly toxic and induce inflammation. Therefore, we investigated both the LPS activity and composition of GNB in the gastric fluid (GF) to assess the potential toxicity of them accumulated in the stomach. METHODS: GF and saliva samples were obtained from 158 outpatients who were undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and 36 volunteers using a nasogastric tube. The LPS activity was measured by assay kits including recombinant Factor C or Limulus amebocyte lysate. To assess the bacterial composition in the samples, a 16S ribosomal DNA-based operational taxonomic unit analysis was performed. We focused on the genera representing >0.1% of the whole microbiota. RESULTS: We found a high LPS activity in the GF samples with weak acidity (approximately > pH 4), whereas little/no activity in those with strong acidity (approximately < pH 2). Spearman test also demonstrated a close correlation between pH and LPS in those samples (r = 0.872). The relative abundance of GNB in the saliva showed no significant difference between the subject groups with weak- and strong-acidity GF. In addition, in the subjects whose GF acidity was weak, the GNB abundance in the GF was almost the same as that in the saliva. By contrast, in the subjects whose GF acidity was strong, the GNB abundance in the GF was significantly lower than that in the saliva. DISCUSSION: GNB that have recently moved from the oral cavity might account for the prominent LPS activity in a stomach with weak acidity.
Assuntos
Suco Gástrico/química , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Lipopolissacarídeos/análise , Idoso , Feminino , Determinação da Acidez Gástrica , Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/metabolismo , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Lipopolissacarídeos/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucosa Bucal/microbiologia , Saliva/química , Saliva/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may be associated with the occurrence of otitis media with effusion (OME) in children. OBJECTIVE: This is a systematic review of the relevant published literature to explore the relationship between H. pylori infection and OME in children. METHOD: Articles published before October 30, 2019 in the PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, and Wanfang databases were retrieved. Articles were screened based on prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality assessment was applied to the included studies. Data in the included studies were extracted and classified for qualitative analysis. RESULTS: Ten studies, which enrolled a total of 397 cases and 334 controls, were included; all were case-control studies of varying quality. We summarized and compared H. pylori infections in different specimens from pediatric patients with OME. Due to the apparent heterogeneity between the included studies, meta-analysis was not appropriate, hence we carried out only a qualitative analysis. CONCLUSION: The detection rate of H. pylori in the middle ear, tonsil and gastric juice in children with OME was higher than that in children without OME. There is no clear and reliable conclusion as to whether there is a difference in the detection rate of H. pylori in adenoid specimens of children with or without OME. Eradication of H. pylori may improve symptoms of drug-resistant OME. Nevertheless, more studies of higher quality are needed to improve the conclusions.
Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter/epidemiologia , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Otite Média com Derrame/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Orelha Média/microbiologia , Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Tonsila Palatina/microbiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is associated with a higher risk of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. The sole presence of the bacterium is not a determinant of clinical outcome, but rather the interaction of strain type and host factors determines the risk of disease. Our aim was to study the association between bacterial load, strain type, and gastric symptoms in H. pylori-positive subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a community survey, a diagnostic 13C-urea breath test for H. pylori was performed on 302 volunteers that were not taking antibiotics, antacids, or proton pump inhibitors one month prior to the test. The breath test produced 25 H. pylori-positive subjects, between 25-74 years of age, who then took a gastric symptoms survey and were tested for the presence of the cagA genotype in gastric juice, using the Entero-test®. Bacterial load was determined as a measure of urease activity, utilizing the delta over baseline value, obtained in the 13C-urea breath test. RESULTS: A total of 48% of the H. pylori-positive subjects were cagA+. A positive association was found between cagA status and high gastric urease activity (P<.0001) and the latter was significantly associated with the presence of symptoms (P<.0001). CONCLUSION: Gastric urease activity was strongly associated with dyspeptic symptoms and cagA+ H. pylori. Elevated 13C-delta over baseline values could be used as indicators of a higher risk for gastric disease.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Dispepsia/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/enzimologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Estômago/enzimologia , Estômago/microbiologia , Urease/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Testes Respiratórios , Escolaridade , Suco Gástrico/enzimologia , Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Humanos , Renda , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ureia/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is well-known for its role in chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. Eradication of these carcinogenic bacteria from the gut is one of the challenges for clinicians. The complexity of treatment mainly owes to antibiotic resistance and relapse due to an additional reservoir in the oral cavity. Our study emphases the isolation of H. pylori from distinct habitats of the gut microenvironment (gastric biopsy and gastric juice) and its subsequent characterization. We have also evaluated the effect of various oral rinses on isolated H. pylori from different anatomical locations of included subjects. RESULTS: The possible strains isolated from two different habitats of the same subject shows a striking difference in their growth pattern. Promisingly, some of the included oral rinses are efficient in growth inhibition as per recommended 30 s treatment. The subsequent evaluation shows that oral rinse B (among A-E) is most effective and down-regulates the expression of one of the potent H. pylori gene, CagA, in the infected gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells. CONCLUSION: Our study, for the first time, revealed that H. pylori, isolated from the different habitat of the same subject, show a different growth pattern. The expression of H. pylori pathogenic gene (CagA) was down-regulated by the use of oral rinses. Hence, oral rinses will reduce the H. pylori in the oral cavity and help to control its migration from oral to the gastric compartment and may be used as an adjuvant treatment option for its re-infection.
Assuntos
Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Boca/microbiologia , Antissépticos Bucais/farmacologia , Antígenos de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Biópsia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Regulação para Baixo , Feminino , Mucosa Gástrica/cirurgia , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Helicobacter pylori/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Humanos , Masculino , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genéticaRESUMO
Raw milk contains wide microbial diversity, composed mainly of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are used as probiotics in both human and animal husbandry. We isolated, characterized, and evaluated LAB from indigenous Bangladeshi raw milk to assess probiotic potential, including antagonistic activity (against Escherichia coli O157: H7, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes), survivability in simulated gastric juice, tolerance to phenol and bile salts, adhesion to ileum epithelial cells, auto- and co-aggregation, hydrophobicity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and antibiotic susceptibility tests. The 4 most promising LAB strains showed probiotic potential and were identified as Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum (which produced plantaricin EF), Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus paracasei. These strains inhibited all pathogens tested at various degrees, and competitively excluded pathogens with viable counts of 3.0 to 6.0 log cfu/mL. Bacteriocin, organic acids, and low-molecular-weight substances were mainly responsible for antimicrobial activity by the LAB strains. All 4 LAB strains were resistant to oxacillin and 3 were resistant to vancomycin and streptomycin, with multiple antibiotic resistance indices >0.2. After further in vivo evaluation, these LAB strains could be considered probiotic candidates with application in the food industry.
Assuntos
Lactobacillales/fisiologia , Leite/microbiologia , Probióticos , Animais , Bacteriocinas/metabolismo , Bovinos , Enterococcus faecalis/isolamento & purificação , Enterococcus faecalis/fisiologia , Feminino , Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Cabras , Humanos , Lactobacillales/isolamento & purificação , Lacticaseibacillus casei/isolamento & purificação , Lacticaseibacillus casei/fisiologia , Limosilactobacillus fermentum/isolamento & purificação , Limosilactobacillus fermentum/fisiologia , Lactobacillus plantarum/isolamento & purificação , Lactobacillus plantarum/fisiologia , Probióticos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Gastric juice is a unique combination of hydrochloric acid (HCl), lipase, and pepsin. Acidic gastric juice is found in all vertebrates, and its main function is to inactivate microorganisms. The phylogenetic preservation of this energy-consuming and, at times, hazardous function (acid-related diseases) reflects its biological importance. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most widely used drugs in the world. Due to the reduced prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection as well as the increased use of inhibitors of gastric acid secretion, the latter has become the most important cause of gastric hypoacidity. In the present manuscript, we review the microbiological consequences of removing gastric acidity. The resulting susceptibility to infections has not been studied extensively, and focus has mainly been restricted to bacterial and parasitic agents only. The strongest evidence concerning the relationship between hypochlorhydria and predisposition to infections relates to bacterial infections affecting the gastrointestinal tract. However, several other clinical settings with increased susceptibility to infections due to inhibited gastric acidity are discussed. We also discuss the impact of hypochlorhydria on the gut microbiome.
Assuntos
Acloridria/induzido quimicamente , Ácido Gástrico/metabolismo , Suco Gástrico/efeitos dos fármacos , Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/efeitos adversos , Acloridria/complicações , Acloridria/metabolismo , Animais , Infecções Bacterianas/etiologia , Suco Gástrico/metabolismo , Gastroenteropatias/etiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Infecções/etiologia , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/farmacologiaRESUMO
The anti-rheumatic fraction (ARF), is responsible for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Dianbaizhu derived from the aerial part of Gaultheria leucocarpa var. yunnanensis (Ericaceae). The gastrointestinal metabolism of ARF was investigated in vitro through simulating a series of models-gastric juice, intestinal juice, and human intestinal bacteria, analyzed by HPLC-DAD and UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn. ARF includes three categories: methyl salicylate glycosides, organic acids and the others. The primordial and metabolic components of ARF bio-transformed by simulated gastric fluid (36 and 13), intestinal fluid (29 and 7) and two human fecal bacteria (34 and 34, 40 and 25) were characterized, respectively. The methyl salicylate glycosides, MSTG-B, MSTG-A and gaultherin, with terminal-xylosyl-moiety in sugar chain were always being found in the whole gastrointestinal incubation processing. The metabolites were formed through hydrolysis of ester and glucosidic bond, as well as methylation, hydroxylation, acetylation, sulfation, reduction, decarboxylation, deglycosylation and glucuronidation. The metabolic conversion effect of the four index compounds, MSTG-B, MSTG-A, gaultherin, and chlorogenic acid by human intestinal bacteria exhibited much stronger. Those markers' variation in content-time curve in volunteer A gut flora were faster than that in volunteer B's. These results indicate that ARF is relatively stable in the gastrointestinal tract.
Assuntos
Antirreumáticos/metabolismo , Líquidos Corporais/metabolismo , Suco Gástrico/metabolismo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Gaultheria/metabolismo , Intestinos/fisiologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/metabolismo , Bactérias/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Ericaceae/metabolismo , Fezes/química , Fezes/microbiologia , Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , Glucosídeos/metabolismo , Glicosídeos/metabolismo , Humanos , Intestinos/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Culture of Helicobacter pylori with previous eradication failure has been emphasized in clinical guidelines. The current unmet need to manage previously treated H pylori is one tool with diagnostic accuracy and ability for antibiotics susceptibility. Gastric juice PCR can provide diagnosis and antibiotics susceptibility; however, whether treatment failure affects its accuracy remains uninvestigated. Our study aimed to investigate diagnostic accuracy and antibiotics susceptibility of juice PCR in previously treated H pylori and to compare with the current standard of culture. METHODS: We categorized all 547 patients into treatment-naïve, post-1st treatment, post-2nd treatment, and post-3rd treatment. Helicobacter pylori infection was confirmed using gold standards. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under ROC curve (AUC) of juice PCR and culture were calculated. Intra-gastric H pylori density was evaluated. Lastly, the antibiotics susceptibility results of gastric juice and culture were compared. RESULTS: Our findings demonstrated AUC was higher in juice PCR than culture in all patients (96.7% vs 91.3%, P < 0.0001). The superiority of juice PCR was statistically significant in previously treated patients (P < 0.0001) but not in treatment-naïve patients (P = 0.13). Antral H pylori density was less marked in previously treated patients (P = 0.014). The comparisons of PCR-RFLP and E-test for Clarithromycin resistance showed reliable AUC = 89.8%. CONCLUSION: Compared with the current standard of culture, the gastric juice PCR contains the strengths of performing the antibiotics susceptibility and overcomes the shortcomings of low accuracy. Consequently, gastric juice PCR suits the unmet need to manage previously treated H pylori.
Assuntos
Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Carga Bacteriana , Biópsia , Claritromicina/farmacologia , Claritromicina/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estômago/microbiologia , Falha de TratamentoRESUMO
SETTING: Diagnosing pediatric tuberculosis (TB) is difficult; to improve diagnosis, gastric aspiration (GA) was performed in 121 Botswana health facilities. OBJECTIVE: To describe treatment initiation and outcomes in children with a positive GA result and those treated empirically. METHODS: Children with smear or culture-positive GA or those clinically diagnosed were referred for anti-tuberculosis treatment. Treatment initiation and outcomes were assessed from February 2008 to December 2012 using name-based matching algorithms of the GA database; treatment initiation was captured in the electronic TB registry. Analyses included descriptive statistics and regression models. RESULTS: GA was conducted in 1268 children. Among these, 121 (9.5%) were GA-positive; and treatment was initiated in 90 (74.3%). An additional 137 (11.9%) were treated empirically. More than a third (36.4%) had known human immunodeficiency virus status (positive or negative); this was significantly associated with TB treatment initiation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.8, 95%CI 1.3-2.5); P < 0.05). Among the 90 children with a positive GA result, nearly all either completed treatment (78.9%) or were on treatment (20.0%) at the time of data collection. CONCLUSION: We could not find documentation of treatment for more than a quarter of the children with laboratory-confirmed TB, an important gap that calls for further examination. The failure to initiate prompt treatment requires investigation and urgent action.