RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by degeneration of lower motor neurons, resulting in progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. However, little is known regarding the cardiac function of children with SMA. METHODS: We recruited SMA patients younger than 18 years of age from January 1, 2022, to April 1, 2022, in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. All patients underwent a comprehensive cardiac evaluation before treatment, including history taking, physical examination, blood tests of cardiac biomarkers, assessment of echocardiography and electrocardiogram. Age/gender-matched healthy volunteers were recruited as controls. RESULTS: A total of 36 SMA patients (26 with SMA type 2 and 10 with SMA type 3) and 40 controls were enrolled in the study. No patient was clinically diagnosed with heart failure. Blood tests showed elevated values of creatine kinase isoenzyme M and isoenzyme B (CK-MB) mass and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients. Regarding echocardiographic parameters, SMA children were detected with lower global left and right ventricular longitudinal strain, abnormal diastolic filling velocities of trans-mitral and trans-tricuspid flow. The results revealed no clinical heart dysfunction in SMA patients, but subclinical ventricular dysfunction was seen in SMA children including the diastolic function and myocardial performance. Some patients presented with elevated heart rate and abnormal echogenicity of aortic valve or wall. Among these SMA patients, seven patients (19.4%) had scoliosis. The Cobb's angles showed a significant negative correlation with LVEDd/BSA, but no correlation with other parameters, suggesting that mild scoliosis did not lead to significant cardiac dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings warrant increased attention to the cardiac status and highlight the need to investigate cardiac interventions in SMA children.
Assuntos
Ecocardiografia , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Eletrocardiografia , Lactente , Atrofia Muscular Espinal/diagnóstico , Atrofia Muscular Espinal/fisiopatologia , Atrofia Muscular Espinal/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Atrofias Musculares Espinais da Infância/diagnóstico , Atrofias Musculares Espinais da Infância/fisiopatologia , Atrofias Musculares Espinais da Infância/sangue , Atrofias Musculares Espinais da Infância/complicações , Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodosRESUMO
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been developed for echocardiography1-3, although it has not yet been tested with blinding and randomization. Here we designed a blinded, randomized non-inferiority clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05140642; no outside funding) of AI versus sonographer initial assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to evaluate the impact of AI in the interpretation workflow. The primary end point was the change in the LVEF between initial AI or sonographer assessment and final cardiologist assessment, evaluated by the proportion of studies with substantial change (more than 5% change). From 3,769 echocardiographic studies screened, 274 studies were excluded owing to poor image quality. The proportion of studies substantially changed was 16.8% in the AI group and 27.2% in the sonographer group (difference of -10.4%, 95% confidence interval: -13.2% to -7.7%, P < 0.001 for non-inferiority, P < 0.001 for superiority). The mean absolute difference between final cardiologist assessment and independent previous cardiologist assessment was 6.29% in the AI group and 7.23% in the sonographer group (difference of -0.96%, 95% confidence interval: -1.34% to -0.54%, P < 0.001 for superiority). The AI-guided workflow saved time for both sonographers and cardiologists, and cardiologists were not able to distinguish between the initial assessments by AI versus the sonographer (blinding index of 0.088). For patients undergoing echocardiographic quantification of cardiac function, initial assessment of LVEF by AI was non-inferior to assessment by sonographers.
Assuntos
Inteligência Artificial , Cardiologistas , Ecocardiografia , Testes de Função Cardíaca , Humanos , Inteligência Artificial/normas , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Ecocardiografia/normas , Volume Sistólico , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Método Simples-Cego , Fluxo de Trabalho , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodos , Testes de Função Cardíaca/normasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is clinically indistinguishable from an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In the absence of valid markers for differential diagnosis, coronary angiography has been indispensable. METHODS: In our study, we evaluated the serum levels of sST-2, GDF-15, suPAR and H-FABP in 92 patients with the suspicion of TTS (51 TTS and 41 ACS patients) and 40 gender matched controls (no coronary artery disease or signs of heart failure) at baseline. RESULTS: H-FABP was significantly higher in ACS patients compared to TTS patients. Even in in propensity score matching for left ventricular ejection fraction, sex and cardiovascular risk factors, differences in the plasma levels of H-FABP in the matched cohort of TTS vs ACS remained statistically significant. Whereas, sST-2 was significantly elevated in TTS patients. H-FABP was superior for prediction of an ACS with even higher accuracy than hs troponin in differential diagnosis (AUC 0.797, p ≤ 0.0001); the optimal cut off for discrimination towards a TTS was calculated as 2.93 ng/ml (sensitivity 70.0%, specificity 82.4%, PPV 75.7%, NPV 77.4%). sST-2 seemed most appropriate for identification of a TTS (AUC 0.653, p = 0.012). The optimal cut off for differential diagnosis was 11018.06 pg/ml (sensitivity 82.0%, specificity 51.2%, PPV 69.4%, NPV 71.9 %). CONCLUSION: H-FABP and sST-2 are the most promising markers with better accuracy than preexisting biomarkers in differential diagnosis in our study and therefore, could be crucial for the guidance of treatment in patients with high bleeding risk, advanced renal failure or multimorbidity.
Assuntos
Proteína 3 Ligante de Ácido Graxo/sangue , Testes de Função Cardíaca/estatística & dados numéricos , Proteína 1 Semelhante a Receptor de Interleucina-1/sangue , Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo/diagnóstico , Idoso , Área Sob a Curva , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Pontuação de Propensão , Volume Sistólico , Função Ventricular EsquerdaRESUMO
Introdução: A avaliação dos índices de trabalho miocárdico global em condições basais pode ser útil para a estratificação clínica de pacientes com suspeita de obstrução coronariana. Objetivo: Correlacionar o valor do índice de trabalho miocárdico global e a presença de lesões obstrutivas coronarianas significativas. Método: Estudo transversal, com pacientes encaminhados para cinecoronarioangiografia eletiva. Foi realizado ecocardiograma com obtenção das medidas para cálculo do valor do trabalho miocárdico, sendo avaliada a presença de lesões obstrutivas coronarianas significativas à cinecoronarioangiografia. Resultados: A amostra foi composta de 30 pacientes, com a idade média de 64,2±12,8 anos, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (63,3%), dos quais 68,4% apresentaram lesões obstrutivas coronarianas significativas. O índice de trabalho miocárdico global foi de 1.876mmHg%±253,8 no grupo com lesões obstrutivas coronarianas significativas e de 2.054,2mmHg%±417,3 naqueles sem lesões significativas (p=0,089). O trabalho miocárdio construtivo global nos pacientes sem lesões obstrutivas coronarianas significativas foi maior (2.329,3mmHg%±462,9) do que naqueles com lesões obstrutivas coronarianas significativas (2.109,5mmHg%±332,3; p=0,064). O trabalho miocárdio desperdiçado global foi maior nos pacientes com lesões obstrutivas coronarianas significativas (103,7mmHg%±47,1 versus 68,3mmHg%±33,8; p=0,038). O ponto de corte de 115mmHg% foi aquele com a melhor área sob a curva (0,625), com sensibilidade de 83,3%. Conclusão: O aumento do trabalho miocárdio desperdiçado global se correlacionou com a presença de lesões obstrutivas coronarianas significativas em nossa amostra.(AU)
Introduction: The assessment of global myocardial work indices under baseline conditions may be useful for the clinical stratification of patients with suspected coronary obstruction. Objective: To correlate the value of global myocardial work indices and the presence of significant obstructive coronary lesions. Method: Cross-sectional study, with patients referred for elective coronary angiography. An echocardiogram was performed to obtain measurements to calculate the value of myocardial work and evaluated the presence or presence of significant obstructive coronary lesions at coronary angiography. Results: The sample consisted of 30 patients, with a mean age of 64.2±12.8 years, the majority being male (63.3%), of which 68.4% had significant obstructive coronary lesions. The global myocardial work indices was 1,876mmHg%±253.8 in the group with significant obstructive coronary lesions and 2,054.2mmHg%±417.3 in those without significant lesions (p=0.089). Global constructive myocardial work in patients without significant obstructive coronary lesions was higher (2,329.3mmHg%±462.9) than in those with significant obstructive coronary lesions (2,109.5mmHg%±332.3; p=0.064). Global wasted myocardial work was higher in patients with significant obstructive coronary lesions (103.7mmHg%±47.1 versus 68.3mmHg%±33.8; p=0.038). The cutoff point of 115 mmHg% was the one with the best area under the curve (0.625), with a sensitivity of 83.3%. Conclusion: The increase in global wasted myocardial work correlated with the presence of significant obstructive coronary lesions in our sample. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cardiopatias Congênitas/complicações , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico por imagem , Ventrículos do Coração/lesões , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Cateterismo Cardíaco/métodos , Estenose Coronária/fisiopatologia , Ecocardiografia sob Estresse/métodos , Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodosRESUMO
The diagnostic and prognostic role of nitroglycerin-induced dilation (NID) combined with ergonovine provocation test in patients with suspected VSA patients is not clear. A total of 438 consecutive patients who underwent the ergonovine provocation test for the diagnosis of vasospastic angina (VSA) were enrolled. Patients with VSA (n = 52) had a significantly greater coronary response to ergonovine (- 84.3 ± 10.5% vs. - 38.4 ± 17.9%, p < 0.001) and NID (26.3 ± 31.0% vs. 12.5 ± 19.0%, p < 0.001) than non-VSA patients. However, positive NID (more than 13.8% dilation, n = 170) showed a poor accuracy (AUC 0.64 [95% CI: 0.56-0.73], p = 0.001, sensitivity 60.4%, specificity 61.3%) for the diagnosis of VSA by ergonovine provocation test. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurred more frequently in the VSA group than in the non-VSA group (9.6% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.006). In addition, the positive NID group showed a lower rate of MACE than the negative NID group (1.2% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.021). Interestingly, the group of VSA with negative NID had poor prognosis than any other combinations (Log-rank, p < 0.0001). Although NID had a limited role in the detection of VSA defined by ergonovine provocation test, NID combined with the ergonovine provocation test has an additive prognostic role in the clinical outcomes in patients with suspected VSA.
Assuntos
Angina Pectoris/diagnóstico , Vasoespasmo Coronário/diagnóstico , Ergonovina/administração & dosagem , Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodos , Nitroglicerina/administração & dosagem , Ocitócicos/administração & dosagem , Vasodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Idoso , Angina Pectoris/etiologia , Vasoespasmo Coronário/complicações , Vasos Coronários/efeitos dos fármacos , Ergonovina/toxicidade , Feminino , Testes de Função Cardíaca/normas , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nitroglicerina/farmacologia , Ocitócicos/toxicidade , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Vasodilatadores/farmacologiaRESUMO
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk of arrhythmia. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is a crucial site of ventricular tachycardia (VT) origination. We hypothesize that CKD increases RVOT arrhythmogenesis through its effects on calcium dysregulation. We analysed measurements obtained using conventional microelectrodes, patch clamp, confocal microscopy, western blotting, immunohistochemical examination and lipid peroxidation for both control and CKD (induced by 150 mg/kg neomycin and 500 mg/kg cefazolin daily) rabbit RVOT tissues or cardiomyocytes. The RVOT of CKD rabbits exhibited a short action potential duration, high incidence of tachypacing (20 Hz)-induced sustained VT, and long duration of isoproterenol and tachypacing-induced sustained and non-sustained VT. Tachypacing-induced sustained and non-sustained VT in isoproterenol-treated CKD RVOT tissues were attenuated by KB-R7943 and partially inhibited by KN93 and H89. The CKD RVOT myocytes had high levels of phosphorylated CaMKII and PKA, and an increased expression of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neural density. The CKD RVOT myocytes exhibited large levels of Ito , IKr , NCX and L-type calcium currents, calcium leak and malondialdehyde but low sodium current, SERCA2a activity and SR calcium content. The RVOT in CKD with oxidative stress and autonomic neuron hyperactivity exhibited calcium handling abnormalities, which contributed to the induction of VT.
Assuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas/etiologia , Arritmias Cardíacas/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Ventrículos do Coração/metabolismo , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Potenciais de Ação , Animais , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Eletrocardiografia , Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodos , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Coelhos , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismoRESUMO
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EV) mediate the therapeutic effects of stem cells but it is unclear whether this involves cardiac regeneration mediated by endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation. Methods: Bi-transgenic MerCreMer/ZEG (n = 15/group) and Mosaic Analysis With Double Markers (MADM; n = 6/group) mouse models underwent permanent coronary artery ligation and received, 3 weeks later, 10 billion EV (from human iPS-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells [CPC]), or saline, injected percutaneously under echo guidance in the peri-infarcted myocardium. Endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation was tracked by EdU labeling and biphoton microscopy. Other end points, including cardiac function (echocardiography and MRI), histology and transcriptomics were blindly assessed 4-6 weeks after injections. Results: There was no proliferation of cardiomyocytes in either transgenic mouse strains. Nevertheless, EV improved cardiac function in both models. In MerCreMer/ZEG mice, LVEF increased by 18.3 ± 0.2% between baseline and the end-study time point in EV-treated hearts which contrasted with a decrease by 2.3 ± 0.2% in the PBS group; MADM mice featured a similar pattern as intra-myocardial administration of EV improved LVEF by 13.3 ± 0.16% from baseline whereas it decreased by 14.4 ± 0.16% in the control PBS-injected group. This functional improvement was confirmed by MRI and associated with a reduction in infarct size, the decreased expression of several pro-fibrotic genes and an overexpression of the anti-fibrotic miRNA 133-a1 compared to controls. Experiments with an anti-miR133-a demonstrated that the cardio-reparative effects of EV were partly abrogated. Conclusions: EV-CPC do not trigger cardiomyocyte proliferation but still improve cardiac function by other mechanisms which may include the regulation of fibrosis.
Assuntos
Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Animais , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Terapia Baseada em Transplante de Células e Tecidos/métodos , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Vesículas Extracelulares/transplante , Fibrose/fisiopatologia , Regeneração Tecidual Guiada/métodos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/metabolismo , Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodos , Humanos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/transplante , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Transcatheter occlusion and surgical ligation are the treatments of choice for most patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in children. Fifty-five children who had PDA completed a pulmonary function test and a symptom-limited treadmill exercise test from 2016 to 2018 at 1 medical center in southern Taiwan. The study group was divided into surgical ligation and catheterization groups, which were compared to a healthy control group matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Data about the performance on the exercise test, including metabolic equivalent at anaerobic threshold and peak, were analyzed. No differences in the pulmonary function and ventilatory parameters were observed between the surgery, catheterization, and control groups. Heart rate at peak and at anaerobic threshold significantly differed in the investigated groups. The post hoc analysis showed that the surgery group had a lower heart rate at peak and threshold compared to the catheterization and control groups (Pâ=â.02, Pâ<â.001, respectively). No significant difference was found between the catheterization group and the control group. A larger and younger group of patients were recruited, allowing for newer data about the cardiopulmonary function to be obtained. The findings suggest that patients with PDA could undergo physical training after intervention. The imposition of restrictions to limit sports activities should be avoided.
Assuntos
Débito Cardíaco/fisiologia , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/complicações , Testes de Função Cardíaca/estatística & dados numéricos , Cateterismo Cardíaco/métodos , Cateterismo Cardíaco/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pediatria/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Use of galectin-3 for assessing cardiac function in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) needs to be established. Within the Gutenberg Health Study cohort (N = 15,010, 35-74 years) patient characteristics were investigated regarding galectin-3 levels. Prognostic value of galectin-3 compared to NT-proBNP concerning cardiac function and mortality was assessed in individuals with euglycaemia, prediabetes and T2DM in 5 years follow-up. Higher galectin-3 levels related to older age, female sex and higher prevalence for prediabetes, T2DM, cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities. Galectin-3 cross-sectionally was related to impaired systolic (ß - 0.36, 95% CI - 0.63/- 0.09; P = 0.008) and diastolic function (ß 0.014, 95% CI 0.001/0.03; P = 0.031) in T2DM and reduced systolic function in prediabetes (ß - 0.34, 95% CI - 0.53/- 0.15; P = 0.00045). Galectin-3 prospectively related to systolic (ß - 0.656, 95% CI - 1.07/- 0.24; P = 0.0021) and diastolic dysfunction (ß 0.0179, 95% CI 0.0001/0.036; P = 0.049), cardiovascular (hazard ratio per standard deviation of galectin-3 (HRperSD) 1.60, 95% CI 1.39-1.85; P < 0.0001) and all-cause mortality (HRperSD 1.36, 95% CI 1.25-1.47; P < 0.0001) in T2DM. No relationship between galectin-3 and cardiac function was found in euglycaemia, whereas NT-proBNP consistently related to reduced cardiac function. Prospective value of NT-proBNP on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality was higher. NT-proBNP was superior to galectin-3 to assess reduced systolic and diastolic function.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Galectina 3/sangue , Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodos , Coração/fisiopatologia , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Estado Pré-Diabético/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diástole , Feminino , Seguimentos , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Pré-Diabético/complicações , SístoleRESUMO
Cardiovascular and respiratory systems are anatomically and functionally linked; inspiration produces negative intrathoracic pressures that act on the heart and alter cardiac function. Inspiratory pressures increase with heart failure and can exceed the magnitude of ventricular pressure during diastole. Accordingly, respiratory pressures may be a confounding factor to assessing cardiac function. While the interaction between respiration and the heart is well characterized, the extent to which systolic and diastolic indices are affected by inspiration is unknown. Our objective was to understand how inspiratory pressure affects the hemodynamic assessment of cardiac function. To do this, we developed custom software to assess and separate indices of systolic and diastolic function into inspiratory, early expiratory, and late expiratory phases of respiration. We then compared cardiac parameters during normal breathing and with various respiratory loads. Variations in inspiratory pressure had a small impact on systolic pressure and function. Conversely, diastolic pressure strongly correlated with negative inspiratory pressure. Cardiac pressures were less affected by respiration during expiration; late expiration was the most stable respiratory phase. In conclusion, inspiration is a large confounding influence on diastolic pressure, but minimally affects systolic pressure. Performing cardiac hemodynamic analysis by accounting for respiratory phase yields more accuracy and analytic confidence to the assessment of diastolic function.
Assuntos
Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodos , Coração/fisiologia , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Respiração , Mecânica Respiratória/fisiologia , Animais , Diástole/fisiologia , Expiração/fisiologia , Humanos , Inalação/fisiologia , Masculino , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Sístole/fisiologia , Traqueia/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is increasingly used for risk stratification in aortic stenosis (AS). However, the relative prognostic power of CMR markers and their respective thresholds remains undefined. OBJECTIVES: Using machine learning, the study aimed to identify prognostically important CMR markers in AS and their thresholds of mortality. METHODS: Patients with severe AS undergoing AVR (n = 440, derivation; n = 359, validation cohort) were prospectively enrolled across 13 international sites (median 3.8 years' follow-up). CMR was performed shortly before surgical or transcatheter AVR. A random survival forest model was built using 29 variables (13 CMR) with post-AVR death as the outcome. RESULTS: There were 52 deaths in the derivation cohort and 51 deaths in the validation cohort. The 4 most predictive CMR markers were extracellular volume fraction, late gadolinium enhancement, indexed left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDVi), and right ventricular ejection fraction. Across the whole cohort and in asymptomatic patients, risk-adjusted predicted mortality increased strongly once extracellular volume fraction exceeded 27%, while late gadolinium enhancement >2% showed persistent high risk. Increased mortality was also observed with both large (LVEDVi >80 mL/m2) and small (LVEDVi ≤55 mL/m2) ventricles, and with high (>80%) and low (≤50%) right ventricular ejection fraction. The predictability was improved when these 4 markers were added to clinical factors (3-year C-index: 0.778 vs 0.739). The prognostic thresholds and risk stratification by CMR variables were reproduced in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Machine learning identified myocardial fibrosis and biventricular remodeling markers as the top predictors of survival in AS and highlighted their nonlinear association with mortality. These markers may have potential in optimizing the decision of AVR.
Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Fibrose/diagnóstico por imagem , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética , Miocárdio/patologia , Remodelação Ventricular , Idoso , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/complicações , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/mortalidade , Técnicas de Imagem Cardíaca/métodos , Feminino , Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/mortalidade , Humanos , Aprendizado de Máquina , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Prognóstico , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Medição de Risco/métodos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Lung to finger circulation time (LFCT) has been used to estimate cardiac function. We developed a new LFCT measurement device using a laser sensor at fingertip. We measured LFCT by measuring time from re-breathing after 20 s of breath hold to the nadir of the difference of transmitted red light and infrared light, which corresponds to percutaneous oxygen saturation. Fifty patients with heart failure were enrolled. The intrasubject stability of the measurement was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The ICC calculated from 44 cases was 0.85 (95% confidence interval: 0.77-0.91), which means to have "Excellent reliability." By measuring twice, at least one clear LFCT value was obtained in 89.1% of patients and the overall measurability was 95.7%. We conducted all LFCT measurements safely. High ICCs were obtained even after dividing patients according to age, cardiac index (CI); 0.85 and 0.84 (≥ 75 or < 75 years group, respectively), 0.81 and 0.84 (N = 26, ≥ or < 2.2 L/min/M2). These results show that our new method to measure LFCT is highly stable and feasible for any type of heart failure patients.
Assuntos
Tempo de Circulação Sanguínea/métodos , Testes de Função Cardíaca/instrumentação , Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodos , Idoso , Suspensão da Respiração , Feminino , Dedos/irrigação sanguínea , Dedos/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Lasers , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Circulação Pulmonar , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , RespiraçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is the final result of various cardiovascular diseases, with high morbidity and high mortality, which seriously threaten people's health and quality of life. It has become a public health problem in the world. There is currently no specific treatment. Moxibustion, as a complementary and replacement therapy, has advantages in the treatment of chronic heart failure, but it lacks standard clinical studies to verify it. Therefore, the purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effect of moxibustion on the heart function and quality of life of patients with CHF. METHODS: This is a prospective randomized controlled trial to study the effect of moxibustion on the heart function and quality of life of patients with CHF. This is approved by the clinical research ethics committee of our hospital. Patients were randomly divided into observation group (moxibustion combined with Western medicine treatment group) or control group (conventional Western medicine treatment group). There is a follow-up for 3âmonths after 6âweeks of treatment. Observation indicators include total effective rate of cardiac function improvement, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire , left ventricular ejection fraction , N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide , 6-minute walk test , adverse reactions, etc. Data were analyzed using the statistical software package SPSS version 18.0 (Chicago, IL). DISCUSSION: This study will evaluate the clinical efficacy of moxibustion in the treatment of CHF. The results of this study will provide a reliable reference for the clinical choice of moxibustion as an adjuvant treatment for chronic heart failure. TRIAL REGISTRATION: OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/29XE7.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca , Moxibustão , Qualidade de Vida , Função Ventricular , Adulto , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/psicologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Moxibustão/efeitos adversos , Moxibustão/métodos , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
AIMS: Killip classification is a simple and fast clinical tool for risk stratification of patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the clinical features and predictors of high Killip class at admission, and its prognostic impact in patients presenting with anterior ST elevation MI (STEMI) as first clinical cardiovascular event are still poorly known. The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of high Killip class and its impact on in-hospital and follow-up outcomes. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled patients with unheralded anterior STEMI because of proximal or mid left anterior descending (LAD) artery categorized according to Killip classification. Patients' characteristics, in-hospital complications and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs; composite of all-cause death, heart failure hospitalization and new-onset ACS) at follow-up were collected. RESULTS: We enrolled 147 patients [age 66.16±13.33, 113 male patients (76.9%)]. Killip class III--IV occurred in 22 (15%) patients. The median duration of follow-up was 12 [6--15.1] months. At multivariate analysis age [hazard ratio 1.137, 95% CI (1.068--1.209), P < 0.001], prehospital cardiac arrest [hazard ratio 12.145, 95% CI (1.710--86.254), P = 0.013] and proximal LAD lesion [hazard ratio 5.066, 95% CI (1.400--18.334), P = 0.013] were predictive of Killip class III--IV at admission. At multivariate analysis, Killip class III--IV was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality [hazard ratio 7.790, 95% CI (1.024--59.276], P = 0.047 and of MACEs [hazard ratio 4.155 (1.558--11.082), P = 0.004) at follow-up. CONCLUSION: Killip classification performed at the time of admission is a simple and useful clinical marker of a high risk of early and late adverse cardiovascular events.
Assuntos
Síndrome Coronariana Aguda , Regras de Decisão Clínica , Angiografia Coronária , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/administração & dosagem , Medição de Risco/métodos , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/diagnóstico , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/epidemiologia , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/etiologia , Idoso , Infarto Miocárdico de Parede Anterior/diagnóstico , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Angiografia Coronária/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodos , Testes de Função Cardíaca/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Seleção de Pacientes , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/métodos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/estatística & dados numéricos , Prognóstico , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/complicações , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/mortalidade , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/fisiopatologia , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/terapia , Avaliação de Sintomas/métodos , Avaliação de Sintomas/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted in myocardial infarction (MI) plasma could protect against apoptosis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) following hypoxia or serum deprivation in vitro and improve cardiac function following MI in vivo. The plasma samples were taken from female rats 24 h after MI. EVs were obtained and co-cultured with BMSCs. We found that EVs could be taken up by BMSCs. Co-culturing with EVs attenuated hypoxia-induced apoptosis of BMSCs in EVs in a dose-dependent manner, which was reversed by the pharmacological inhibition of AKT signaling. Co-culturing with EVs improved transplantation efficiency and blunted MI-induced apoptosis of BMSCs in vivo. Furthermore, transplantation of BMSCs together with EVs can effectively promote the increase in capillary density both at the border and central zone of myocardium and ameliorate myocardial remodeling in MI rats. BMSCs and EVs transplantation treatment exhibited significant improvements in ejection fraction, fraction shortening, left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions, and left ventricular end-systolic dimensions, as evaluated by echocardiography four weeks after MI in rats. Finally, levels of differentiation- and apoptosis-related microRNAs expression in EVs that may mediate these effects were also identified by microarray and quantitative real-time PCR. In conclusion, the present results suggest a potential role of plasma-derived EVs in decreasing apoptosis of BMSCs by activating AKT signaling, promoting angiogenesis, ameliorating myocardial remodeling, and improving cardiac function in MI rats. EV application may be a novel option to ameliorate the therapeutic efficiency of BMSCs to improve cardiac function following MI.
Assuntos
Vesículas Extracelulares/transplante , Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/patologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Técnicas de Cocultura , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Feminino , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Infarto do Miocárdio/sangue , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
AIMS: IQOS is a novel tobacco product claimed to be safer than conventional cigarette smoking due to the heat-not-burn system. This study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of IQOS smoking on myocardial systolic and diastolic functions and also compare the acute impacts of IQOS with cigarette smoking. METHODS: In this prospective study, twenty-seven healthy participants who were using IQOS were included. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed three times for each participant; before smoking any tobacco product (group1), after IQOS smoking (group 2), after cigarette smoking (group3). In addition to conventional echocardiographic measurements, left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) strain analyses were performed by speckle tracking echocardiography. RESULTS: In comparison with non-smoking status, LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) decreased after IQOS and cigarette smoking (-18.9 ± 2.4% in baseline vs. -17.9 ± 2.4% in IQOS vs. -17.9 ± 2.8% in cigarette smoking; p = 0.003, p = 0.001; respectively). LV global circumferential strain (GCS) reduced after IQOS and cigarette smoking (-19.8 ± 4.4% in baseline vs. -18.3 ± 3.9% in IQOS vs. -17.5 ± 3.9% in cigarette smoking; p = 0.005, p < 0.001; respectively). RV GLS was significantly lower in groups smoking IQOS and cigarette (-23.2 ± 4.6% in baseline vs. -21.4 ± 4.1% in IQOS vs. -19.4 ± 4.1% in cigarette smoking; p < 0.001, p = 0.001; respectively). CONCLUSION: IQOS (heat-not-burn) tobacco smoking impairs myocardial systolic and diastolic functions in the acute phase like conventional cigarette smoking. The use of IQOS is rising among young adults in recent years, so further studies should be designed to evaluate the chronic effects of IQOS on myocardial function.
Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Fumar Cigarros/efeitos adversos , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Produtos do Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Feminino , Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodos , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Temperatura Alta/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Next-generation sequencing platforms are being increasingly applied in clinical genetic settings for evaluation of families with suspected heritable disease. These platforms potentially improve the diagnostic yield beyond that of disease-specific targeted gene panels, but also increase the number of rare or novel genetic variants that may confound precise diagnostics. Here, we describe a functional testing approach used to interpret the results of whole exome sequencing (WES) in a family presenting with syncope and sudden death. One individual had a prolonged QT interval on electrocardiogram (ECG) and carried a diagnosis of long QT syndrome (LQTS), but a second individual did not meet criteria for LQTS. Filtering WES results for uncommon variants with arrhythmia association identified four for further analyses. In silico analyses indicated that two of these variants, KCNH2 p.(Cys555Arg) and KCNQ1 p.(Arg293Cys), were likely to be causal in this family's LQTS. We subsequently performed functional characterization of these variants in a heterologous expression system. The expression of KCNQ1-Arg293Cys did not show a deleterious phenotype but KCNH2-Cys555Arg demonstrated a loss-of-function phenotype that was partially dominant. Our stepwise approach identified a precise genetic etiology in this family, which resulted in the establishment of a LQTS diagnosis in the second individual as well as an additional asymptomatic family member, enabling personalized clinical management. Given its ability to aid in the diagnosis, the application of functional characterization should be considered as a value adjunct to in silico analyses of WES.
Assuntos
Canal de Potássio ERG1/genética , Síndrome do QT Longo/genética , Síndrome do QT Longo/fisiopatologia , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/genética , Substituição de Aminoácidos/genética , Análise Mutacional de DNA/métodos , Eletrocardiografia , Família , Feminino , Testes Genéticos/métodos , Células HEK293 , Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodos , Humanos , Canal de Potássio KCNQ1/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Linhagem , Fenótipo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Sequenciamento do ExomaRESUMO
To investigate the characteristics of pulmonary artery distensibility (PAD) in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE) and to assess whether a relationship exists between PAD and the disease severity. Clinical and radiological data of 30 APE patients who underwent retrospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) with a definite diagnosis of APE were retrospectively reviewed in the present study, including 15 subjects in severe (SPE) group and 15 subjects in non-severe (NSPE) group. PAD and cardiac function parameters were compared between the two groups, their relationships were investigated, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the above parameters for the diagnosis of APE severity. The PAD decreased in the following order: NSPE group (6.065 ± 2.114) × 10-3 (%/mmHg), and SPE group (4.334 ± 1.777) × 10-3 (%/mmHg) (P < 0.05). All the cardiac function parameters except RA/LAdiameter showed statistically significant different values between the two groups (P < 0.05). As APE severity increased, the cardiac morphological measurements of RV/LVdiameter, RV/LVarea, RVEDV/LVEDV and RVESV/LVESV increased. There was a weak to moderate negative correlation between PAD and PAmax, PAmin, PA/AAmin, PA/AAmax, RV/LVdiameter, RV/LVarea (r = -0.393 to -0.625), that is, PAD was inversely correlated with cardiac function parameters. There was a moderate negative correlation between PAD and hemoptysis(r = -0.672). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of PAD was 0.724, the critical value was 4.137 × 10-3 âmm/Hg, and the sensitivity and specificity were 60.0% and 93.3%, respectively. PAmin showed the strongest discriminatory power to identify high-risk patients (AUC = 0.827), with the highest sensitivity of 100%, which was also achieved by RA/LAarea. The PAD obtained by retrospective ECG-gated CTPA could be an indicator to be used in the evaluation of the presence and severity of APE.
Assuntos
Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade/métodos , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Átrios do Coração , Artéria Pulmonar , Embolia Pulmonar , Idoso , Elasticidade , Feminino , Átrios do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Átrios do Coração/patologia , Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Imagem Multimodal/métodos , Tamanho do Órgão , Artéria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Pulmonar/patologia , Artéria Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Embolia Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Curva ROC , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Cardiac output (CO) is an important parameter in fluid management decisions for treating hemodynamically unstable patients in intensive care unit. The gold standard for CO measurements is the thermodilution method, which is an invasive procedure with intermittent results. Recently, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has emerged as a new method for noninvasive measurements of stroke volume (SV). The objectives of this paper are to compare EIT with an invasive pulse contour analysis (PCA) method in measuring SV during mini-fluid challenge in animals and determine preload responsiveness with EIT. Five pigs were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. After removing 25% to 30% of the total blood from each animal, multiple fluid injections were conducted. The EIT device successfully tracked changes in SV beat-to-beat during varying volume states, i.e., from hypovolemia and preload responsiveness to target volume and volume overload. From a total of 50 100-mL fluid injections on five pigs (10 injections per pig), the preload responsiveness value was as large as 32.3% in the preload responsiveness state while in the volume overload state it was as low as -4.9%. The bias of the measured SV data using EIT and PCA was 0âmL, and the limits of agreement were ±3.6âmL in the range of 17.6 mL to 51.0âmL. The results of the animal experiments suggested that EIT is capable of measuring beat-to-beat SV changes during mini-fluid challenge and determine preload responsiveness. Further animal and clinical studies will be needed to demonstrate the feasibility of the EIT method as a new tool for fluid management.
Assuntos
Frequência Cardíaca , Volume Sistólico , Animais , Hidratação , Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodos , Modelos Animais , SuínosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In mid-gestation, the finding of an increase in the ophthalmic artery second to first peak of systolic velocity ratio (PSV ratio) provides useful prediction of subsequent development of pre-eclampsia (PE). The objective of this study of an unselected population at 19-23 weeks' gestation was to gain a better understanding of the factors that influence ophthalmic artery Doppler by examining the possible association between the PSV ratio and maternal cardiovascular function. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study in women attending for a routine hospital visit at 19 + 1 to 23 + 3 weeks' gestation. This visit included assessment of flow velocity waveforms from the maternal ophthalmic arteries and assessment of maternal cardiovascular function. The following nine cardiovascular indices were examined: E/A ratio; E/e' ratio; myocardial performance index; global longitudinal systolic strain; left ventricular ejection fraction; peripheral vascular resistance; left ventricular cardiac output; left ventricular mass indexed for body surface area; and mean arterial pressure. The ophthalmic artery PSV ratio and the nine cardiovascular indices were converted to either log10 multiples of the median (MoM) values or deviations from the median (deltas) values after adjustment for maternal characteristics and elements of medical history. Regression analysis was then used to examine the significance of the association between PSV ratio delta and MoM or delta values of each cardiovascular index in the total population and in the subgroup that developed PE. RESULTS: The study population of 2853 pregnancies contained 76 (2.7%) that developed PE. In the total population, there were significant but weak associations between the PSV ratio and most of the cardiovascular indices, with r-values of < 0.1, except for mean arterial pressure with r = 0.178. In the subgroup that developed PE, a moderately strong association between the PSV ratio and left ventricular mass indexed for body surface area was noted (r = 0.308). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that Doppler assessment of PSV ratio in the ophthalmic artery provides information about peripheral vascular status. The increase in PSV ratio in women who develop PE is associated with increased afterload and an increase in left ventricular thickness. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.