Nocturnal finger skin temperature in menstrual cycle tracking: ambulatory pilot study using a wearable Oura ring.

BACKGROUND: Body temperature is a common method in menstrual cycle phase tracking because of its biphasic form. In ambulatory studies, different skin temperatures have proven to follow a similar pattern. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the applicability of nocturnal finger skin temperature based on a wearable Oura ring to monitor menstrual cycle and predict menstruations and ovulations in real life. METHODS: Volunteer women (n = 22) wore the Oura ring, measured ovulation through urine tests, and kept diaries on menstruations at an average of 114.7 days (SD 20.6), of which oral temperature was measured immediately after wake-up at an average of 1.9 cycles (SD 1.2). Skin and oral temperatures were compared by assessing daily values using repeated measures correlation and phase mean values and differences between phases using dependent t-test. Developed algorithms using skin temperature were tested to predict the start of menstruation and ovulation. The performance of algorithms was assessed with sensitivity and positive predictive values (true positive defined with different windows around the reported day). RESULTS: Nocturnal skin temperatures and oral temperatures differed between follicular and luteal phases with higher temperatures in the luteal phase, with a difference of 0.30 °C (SD 0.12) for skin and 0.23 °C (SD 0.09) for oral temperature (p < 0.001). Correlation between skin and oral temperatures was found using daily temperatures (r = 0.563, p < 0.001) and differences between phases (r = 0.589, p = 0.004). Menstruations were detected with a sensitivity of 71.9-86.5% in window lengths of ±2 to ±4 days. Ovulations were detected with the best-performing algorithm with a sensitivity of 83.3% in fertile window from - 3 to + 2 days around the verified ovulation. Positive predictive values had similar percentages to those of sensitivities. The mean offset for estimations were 0.4 days (SD 1.8) for menstruations and 0.6 days (SD 1.5) for ovulations with the best-performing algorithm. CONCLUSIONS: Nocturnal skin temperature based on wearable ring showed potential for menstrual cycle monitoring in real life conditions.

Evidencia de actividad antimicrobiana del líquido folicular: estudio evaluatorio y analítico de muestras obtenidas en un programa de reproducción asistida / Evidence of antimicrobial activity of follicular fluid: evaluatory and analytical study of samples obtained in an assisted reproduction program

Ante la evidente ausencia de infección en pacientes a quienes se les realiza punción ovárica para captura ovular se evaluó la hipótesis de la posible acción antibacteriana que pudiera existir en el líquido folicular. Por lo anterior se tomaron 110 muestras de dicho fluido para análisis antibacteriano de las cuales fueron estudiadas 37, por ser las más claras y no contaminadas. Dichas muestras fueron obtenidas de pacientes hiperestimuladas que estaban a captura ovular a través de vagina por medio de guía ultrasonográfica. Se preparó inóculo bacteriana para evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana del líquido folicular contra cepas de E. coli, P. aeuroginosa, S. agalactie, L. monicitogenesis y C. albicans. Se efectuó recuento de colonias bacterianas a la 2,4,6,12 y 24 horas. El resumen de los resultados informa actividad bacteriostática en todas las cepas estudiadas de la cual E. coli y S. agalactie parecen ser las más sensibles. Seguidos por P. aeuroginosa S. aureus y L. monoatogenes: siendo más evidente, pero aún presente, en C. albicans. Por los resultados obtenidos se concluye que el líquido folicular tiene una acción antibacteriana, probablemente selectiva y que el mantenimiento en ésta línea de investigación corroborará este hallazgo y posiblemente determinará los factores implicados en el mismo