Falam de paz onde não há: representações da vida em comunidade entre jovens residentes em um Território de Paz / Speaking of peace where there is none: representations of community life among young people living in a peaceful territory / Ils parlent de paix lorsquil ny a pas: représentations de la vie communautaire chez les jeunes vivants dans un territoire de paix / Hablan de la paz donde no hay: representaciones de la vida comunitaria entre los jóvenes residentes en un territorio de paz

Resumo Estudo de cunho etnográfico que visou compreender os efeitos do projeto Território de Paz sobre o cotidiano, as vivências comunitárias e os projetos de vida de jovens do bairro Guajuviras, localizado em Canoas (RS), e marcado pelo tráfico de drogas, pela violência e pelo estigma. Serão focalizados os resultados da análise de conteúdo das entrevistas semiestruturadas feitas com 34 jovens (entre 18 e 29 anos) residentes no bairro sobre os temas relacionados a trabalho, estudo, lazer e percepções sobre o bairro e sobre o projeto Território de Paz. O estudo apontou para a importância do trabalho em políticas públicas de forma sensível aos modos de vida das juventudes ao assinalar que a maioria dos entrevistados teve sua vida afetada pela violência e não percebe como efetiva sua diminuição após a implantação do projeto que os tinha como principal público-alvo.

Abstract This ethnographic study verified the effects of the Território da Paz project on the daily life, community experiences and life projects of adolescents and young adults in the Guajuviras, Canoas, RS, marked by drug trafficking, violence and stigma. Content analysis was conducted on semi-structured interviews with 34 young individuals (18 and 29 years old) living in the region regarding topics related to work, study, leisure, and their perceptions about the neighborhood and the project. This study pointed to the importance of working in public policies while taking into account youths' ways of life, as the majority of respondents had their lives affected by violence and did not perceive the project's effectiveness after its implementation despite being the main target audience.

Résumé Étude ethnographique visant à comprendre les effets du projet Territoire de Paix sur la vie quotidienne, les expériences communautaires et les projets de vie des jeunes du quartier Guajuviras, situé à Canoas / RS et marqué par le trafic de drogue, la violence et la stigmatisation. Les résultats ont été recueilli de l'analyse du contenu des entretiens semi-structurés avec 34 jeunes (âgés de 18 à 29 ans) vivant dans le quartier. Les interviews ont porté sur des thèmes liés au travail, aux études, aux loisirs et aux perceptions du quartier et du projet Territoire de Paix. Les résultats souligne l'importance de construire les politiques publiques d'une manière qui soit sensible aux modes de vie des jeunes, soulignant que la plus part des répondants avaient été victimes de violence et ne percevaient pas l'efficacité des actions après la mise en œuvre du projet qui les avait comme leur principal public cible.

Resumen Este estudio etnográfico tuvo como objetivo comprender los efectos del proyecto Territorio de la Paz en la vida cotidiana, las experiencias comunitarias y los proyectos de vida juvenil en el barrio de Guajuviras, ubicado en Canoas (RS, Brasil), y marcado por el tráfico de drogas, la violencia y el estigma. El estudio se centrará en los resultados del análisis de contenido de las entrevistas semiestructuradas con 34 jóvenes (entre 18 y 29 años de edad) que viven en el barrio en cuanto a temas relacionados con el trabajo, el estudio, el ocio y las percepciones sobre el vecindario y el proyecto Territorio de la Paz. Se apunta la importancia del trabajo con políticas públicas de una manera que sea sensible a las formas de vida de los jóvenes al señalar que la mayoría de los encuestados tuvieron sus vidas afectadas por la violencia y no percibieron su efectividad después de la implementación del proyecto que los tuvo como público objetivo.

Hope Amidst Horror: Documenting the Effects of the "War On Drugs" Among Female Sex Workers and Their Intimate Partners in Tijuana, Mexico.

Sensationalistic media coverage has fueled stereotypes of the Mexican border city of Tijuana as a violent battleground of the global drug war. While the drug war shapes health and social harms in profoundly public ways, less visible are the experiences and practices of hope that forge communities of care and represent more private responses to this crisis. In this article, we draw on ethnographic fieldwork and photo elicitation with female sex workers who inject drugs and their intimate, non-commercial partners in Tijuana to examine the personal effects of the drug war. Drawing on a critical phenomenology framework, which links political economy with phenomenological concern for subjective experience, we explore the ways in which couples try to find hope amidst the horrors of the drug war. Critical visual scholarship may provide a powerful alternative to dominant media depictions of violence, and ultimately clarify why this drug war must end.

A Síndrome da Exclusão Social: compreensão das origens da violência/ contraviolência no Brasil / The social exclusion syndrome: comprehension of the violence/counter-violence origins in Brazil

A indiferença humana no Brasil desde o início da colonização tem produzido e perpetuado o fenômeno da exclusão social. Um exemplo é a escravidão que durou cerca de 350 anos. Esse fenômeno excludente materializa-se ao produzir uma diversidade de fatores de risco biopsicossociais impactantes desde a gestação e em todos os períodos do ciclo de vida, acumulando e deixando sequelas profundas. Na década de 80 ocorreu interação sinérgica perversa entre o fenômeno da exclusão social e a entrada das drogas no nosso meio. A criança maior, o adolescente e o adulto jovem, muitas vezes socialmente vulneráveis, encontraram nas drogas duas possibilidades: a primeira, usar e abusar de drogas por várias razões, entre elas, baixa autoestima, para aliviar ansiedade e depressão, raiva; devido a uma personalidade extrovertida, impulsividade e inclinação ao comportamento de risco. E a segunda possibilidade, "empoderadora", entrar para o tráfico como meio de subir na vida e também por razões subjetivas. Esses caminhos quase sempre resultam em dependência química, "overdose", hospitalizações, práticas de atos infracionais, prisões, mortes e homicídios. O estudo indica que primariamente ocorreu violência histórica contra esse contingente populacional e que, muitas vezes, essa violência desencadeia um fenômeno também complexo, a contraviolência. A abordagem da violência/contraviolência deve focar, simultaneamente, sua origem (cultura da indiferença) e as consequências (fatores de risco e impactos biopsicossociais).(AU)

The human indifference in Brazil since the beginning of colonization has produced and perpetuated the phenomenon of social exclusion. The example is the slavery, which lasted about 350 years. This exclusive phenomenon has materialized itself as it has produced a diversity of biopsychosocial risk factors, which has impacted the individuals in all their life cycle periods from the gestation, accumulating and leaving their effects. In the 80's there was a perverse synergic interaction between the phenomenon of social exclusion and the entrance of drugs in our environment. The older child, the teenager and the young adult, socially vulnerables, find in drugs two possibilities: first, use and abuse of drugs for many reasons such as low self-esteem, to alleviate depression, anxiety and anger; due to an outgoing personality, impulsivity and more inclined to take risks; second possibility, "empowering", entering the drug trade as a way of getting ahead in life and also for subjective reasons. These pathways often always result in addiction, "overdose", hospitalization, infraction acts practice and also, arrests, deaths and homicides. The study of these cases in our history context shows that we face a primary historical violence against a huge population group that often this violence triggers a complex phenomenon, the counter-violence. The approach of violence/counter-violence should focus, simultaneously, on both the origin (culture of indifference) and the consequences (risk factors and biopsychosocial impacts).(AU)

Serenity: Violence, Inequality, and Recovery on the Edge of Mexico City.

Over the last decade, there has been a sharp increase in drug addiction in Mexico, especially among the urban poor. During the same period, unregulated residential treatment centers for addiction, known as anexos, have proliferated throughout the country. These centers are utilized and run by marginalized populations and are widely known to engage in physical violence. Based on long-term ethnographic research in Mexico City, this article describes why anexos emerged, how they work, and what their prevalence and practices reveal about the nature of recovery in a context where poverty, drugs, and violence are existential realities. Drawing attention to the dynamic relationship between violence and recovery, pain, and healing, it complicates categories of violence and care that are presumed to have exclusive meaning, illuminating the divergent meanings of, and opportunities for, recovery, and how these are socially configured and sustained.

Sources of pharmaceutical opioids for non-medical use among young adults.

The study uses qualitative and quantitative data to describe sources of pain pills for illicit use among young adult (18- to 23-year-old) users. Respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit 383 individuals in the Columbus, Ohio, area. The sample was almost 50% Caucasian and about 55% male. Qualitative interview participants (n = 45) were selected from the larger sample. Qualitative data suggest that pharmaceutical opioid availability was so pervasive that most individuals did not have to venture outside of their immediate social networks to find people who sold or shared pills. Participants emphasized differences between those who are actively involved in obtaining pills and those who play a more passive role. Active involvement was described as going out searching for pills and paying money to obtain them. In contrast, passive role included obtaining pills when somebody offered or shared them free of charge. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicates that a more active role in obtaining pharmaceutical opioids was related to being White, more frequent use of pharmaceutical opioids, extended-release oxycodone use, and using pharmaceutical opioids to get high, as opposed to self-treating a health problem. The study results can help inform drug use epidemiology, interventions, and policy.