RESUMO
Little is known about effective psychosocial treatments for paranoid personality disorder. This study explores the feasibility of a novel treatment, namely Evolutionary Systems Therapy, in supporting individuals diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder. Seven patients attended 10 months of individual therapy without receiving any psychopharmacological treatment. The primary outcome was the feasibility of the intervention, while the secondary outcomes were remission from the diagnosis and reliable changes in personality pathology and paranoid ideation. All recruited patients completed the intervention and did not report any adverse events. Six out of seven patients experienced remission from the diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder. All participants showed reliable changes in personality pathology and paranoid ideation, which were maintained at the 1-month follow-up. Further research is needed to confirm these encouraging results.
Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide , Transtornos da Personalidade , Humanos , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/terapia , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/psicologia , Transtornos da Personalidade/terapiaRESUMO
Schizophrenia stands as one of the most studied and storied disorders in the history of clinical psychology; however, it remains a nexus of conflicting and competing conceptualizations. Patients endure great stigma, poor treatment outcomes, and condemnatory prognosis. Current conceptualizations suffer from unstable categorical borders, heterogeneity in presentation, outcome and etiology, and holes in etiological models. Taken in aggregate, research and clinical experience indicate that the class of psychopathologies oriented toward schizophrenia are best understood as spectra of phenomenological, cognitive, and behavioral modalities. These apparently taxonomic expressions are rooted in normal human personality traits as described in both psychodynamic and Five Factor personality models, and more accurately represent explicable distress reactions to biopsychosocial stress and trauma. Current categorical approaches are internally hampered by axiomatic bias and systemic inertia rooted in the foundational history of psychological inquiry; however, when such axioms are schematically decentralized, convergent cross-disciplinary evidence outlines a more robust explanatory construct. By reconceptualizing these disorders under a dimensional and cybernetic model, the aforementioned issues of instability and inaccuracy may be resolved, while simultaneously opening avenues for both early detection and intervention, as well as for more targeted and effective treatment approaches.
Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica , Humanos , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/psicologia , Esquizofrenia Paranoide , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizoide/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizoide/psicologia , Personalidade , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/psicologiaAssuntos
COVID-19/psicologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Papel do Médico , Psiquiatria , COVID-19/etiologia , Humanos , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/psicologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/psicologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Personality disorders (PD) and substance use disorders (SUD) have a high prevalence and an important health and socioeconomic impact so, it is interesting to study the relationship between them. The objectives of the study are: to compare the prevalence of SUD between patients with and without diagnosis of PD, to analyze if any PD is related to the SUD, and if a specific PD is associated with a specific SUD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 837 patients from centers of attention to drug addiction and mental health in Madrid, Spain. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ4+) are used to detect mental disorder and PD, respectively. RESULTS: SUD is significantly higher in antisocial PD (p<0.01); sedative (p<0.01) and alcohol (p<0.05) use disorder in borderline PD; cocaine (p<0.05) and alcohol (p<0.01) use disorder in paranoid PD; and alcohol use disorder in histrionic PD (p<0.01). The SUD for cocaine is lower in obsessive- compulsive PD (p<0.05) and depressive PD (p<0.01). There is a positive correlation between the number of PD of a subject and the number of SUD that it presents. The risk of an alcohol [OR of 1,08 CI (1,01-1,16)] or sedatives [OR of 1,08 CI (1,001-1,17)] use disorders increases if an individual presents more than one type of PD. CONCLUSIONS: There is not differences of SUD prevalence between PD and not PD groups. We found an association between SUD and PD of cluster B (antisocial, borderline and histrionic) and also with paranoid PD. The SUD are more common among man with the exception of sedatives.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Personalidade/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Adulto , Alcoolismo/diagnóstico , Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/diagnóstico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Duplo (Psiquiatria) , Feminino , Transtorno da Personalidade Histriônica/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Histriônica/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Abuso de Maconha/diagnóstico , Abuso de Maconha/epidemiologia , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/diagnóstico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Prevalência , Espanha/epidemiologia , Centros de Tratamento de Abuso de Substâncias/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/diagnósticoRESUMO
Studies comparing cognitive processes between familial and sporadic schizophrenia have yielded inconsistent findings. In this study we examined differences in neurocognition and schizotypal traits in unaffected relatives of schizophrenia-spectrum patients with either the familial (multiplex) or the sporadic (simplex) subtype of the disorder, taking paternal age at birth into consideration. Simplex (nâ¯=â¯65; SR), multiplex (nâ¯=â¯35; MR) relatives and controls (nâ¯=â¯114) were compared on several cognitive functions and schizotypal traits; between-group differences were evaluated with and without including paternal age in the analyses. SR and MR had higher negative and paranoid traits compared with controls, but paternal age abolished the differences between the SR and control groups. When taking into account schizotypal traits and participants' age, controls outperformed MR in strategy formation and set-shifting and SR in psychomotor speed, set-shifting and executive working memory. After including paternal age in the analyses, controls outperformed MR in strategy formation, working memory and executive working memory and both groups in psychomotor speed and set-shifting. These findings suggest that multiplex relatives present with a "riskier" personality and cognitive profile when considering the effects of paternal age. Nevertheless, simplex relatives are impaired in fundamental cognitive processes, thus highlighting the detrimental effects of paternal age on neurocognition.
Assuntos
Cognição , Família/psicologia , Idade Paterna , Esquizofrenia , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/psicologia , Adulto , Cognição/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/genética , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/psicologia , Fenótipo , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia/genética , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/genética , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The Clinical Dimensional Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2) is a 206-item self-report tool developed for the assessment of 12 dimensions (divided into 47 factors) of personality pathology. One of the scales comprising the instrument, the Distrust scale, is intended to provide psychometric information on traits closely related to the Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD). In the present research, we used the Item Response Theory and the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis to establish a clinical meaningful cutoff for the Distrust scale. Participants were 1,679 adults, among outpatients diagnosed with PPD, outpatients diagnosed with other PDs, and adults from the community. The Wright map revealed that outpatients were located at the very high levels on the latent continuum of the Distrust scale, with a very large effect size for the mean difference between patients and non-patients. The ROC curve supported a cutoff at -1.00 score in theta standardization which yielded 0.87 of sensitivity and 0.54 of specificity. Findings from the present investigation suggest the IDCP-2 Distrust scale is useful as a screening tool of the core features of the PPD. We address potential clinical applications for the instrument and discuss limitations from the present study.
Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/diagnóstico , Inventário de Personalidade/normas , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/normas , Psicometria/normas , Confiança , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of this study was to examine (a) the associations of temperament and character dimensions with paranoid ideation over a 15-year follow-up in the general population (b) the associations of explosive temperament and organized character profiles with paranoid ideation. 2137 subjects of the Young Finns Study completed the Temperament and Character Inventory and the Paranoid Ideation Scale of the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised in 1997, 2001, and 2012. Temperament dimensions of high novelty seeking, high harm avoidance, low reward dependence and explosive temperament profile were associated with the development of higher paranoid ideation. Regarding character, high self-directedness, high cooperativeness, and low self-transcendence and organized character profile were associated with lower paranoid ideation. These associations sustained after controlling for age, gender, and socioeconomic factors. However, the associations between temperament and paranoia mostly disappeared after taking character into account. Our study supported the hypothesis that personality dimensions contribute to the development of paranoid ideation. Temperament and character might combine a variety of single previously found risk factors into a more comprehensive framework for the developmental etiology of paranoia. Our findings provide evidence for psychotherapeutic interventions that support the self-regulation of temperamental vulnerabilities by internalizing mature concepts about the self and social relationships.
Assuntos
Caráter , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/psicologia , Vigilância da População , Temperamento , Adulto , Feminino , Finlândia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/diagnóstico , Inventário de Personalidade , Vigilância da População/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Temperamento/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
From a perspective of conceptual evolution schizoidia was initially considered to describe features both of the premorbid personality of schizophrenic patients and of the personalities of non-psychotic family members (Bleuler, Kahlbaum, Kraepelin). On a psychopatholocial level a close link to the complex basic symptom of autism was stressed. From the very beginnings of modern psychiatry schizoidia was discussed within a conceptual frame of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (Kretschmer, Hoch, Polatin). Approaches to operationalize these conceptual works laid the basis for the cluster A personalities in DSM-III. Due to the prominent concept of schizotypy (Kety, Rado, Meehl) three split up diagnostic categories of schizotypal, schizoid and paranoid personality disorders resulted. Cluster A personality disorders are frequent in community-based epidemiological studies. Health-care seeking behaviour due to primary personality-related problems, however, seems to be less paramount compared to cluster B and C personality disorders. Many family- and twin-based genetic studies convincingly stress a close link between schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia. This link is less pronounced for paranoid personality disorder, and even vanishingly low for schizoid personality disorder. From a perspective of schizophrenia spectrum disorders a vast amount of data from molecular genetic, neurobiological, neuropsychological and psychosocial research has impressingly confirmed this link for schizotypal personality disorder. Major research deficits, however, have to be noticed for paranoid and schizoid personality disorder.
Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/diagnóstico , Doenças em Gêmeos/diagnóstico , Doenças em Gêmeos/genética , Doenças em Gêmeos/psicologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/classificação , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/genética , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/psicologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizoide/classificação , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizoide/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizoide/genética , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizoide/psicologia , Esquizofrenia/classificação , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia/genética , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/classificação , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/genética , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/psicologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is substantial comorbidity between personality disorders (PDs) and anxiety disorders (ADs). Sharing of familial risk factors possibly explains the co-occurrence, but direct causal relationships between the disorders may also exist. METHODS: 2801 persons from 1391 twin pairs from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel were assessed for all DSM-IV PDs and ADs. Bivariate Poisson-regression analyses were performed to assess whether PDs predicted ADs at three different levels: All PDs combined, PDs combined within DSM-IV-clusters and each individual PD separately. Next, bivariate co-twin control analyses were executed within monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs. A similar analytic strategy was employed in multivariate models including PDs as independent variables. RESULTS: PDs predicted ADs at all levels of analysis in bivariate regression models. Bivariate co-twin control analyses demonstrated an increased risk of ADs in all PDs combined, all PD-clusters and in schizotypal, paranoid, borderline, antisocial, avoidant and dependent PD. In the multivariate regression model, all PD-clusters and schizotypal, borderline, avoidant and obsessive-compulsive PD predicted ADs. Only borderline and avoidant PD predicted ADs in the multivariate co-twin control analysis. LIMITATIONS: Over-adjustment may explain the results from the multivariate analyses. The cross-sectional study design hampers causal inference. CONCLUSIONS: Comorbidity between ADs and PDs can be largely accounted for by shared familial risk factors. However, the results are also consistent with a direct causal relationship partly explaining the co-occurrence. Our results indicate specific environmental factors for comorbidity of ADs and borderline and avoidant PDs that are not shared with other PDs.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Doenças em Gêmeos/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Adulto , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/genética , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Doenças em Gêmeos/epidemiologia , Doenças em Gêmeos/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Noruega , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/genética , Transtornos da Personalidade/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Personalidade/genética , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de Risco , Gêmeos Dizigóticos/psicologia , Gêmeos Monozigóticos/psicologiaRESUMO
The current study examines mechanisms of racial differences in symptoms of paranoid personality disorder (PPD) in a sample of adults ages 55-64 from the St. Louis, MO area. Socioeconomic status (SES) and childhood trauma were tested as intervening variables in the association between race and PPD symptoms using structural equation modeling. PPD symptoms were modeled as a latent variable composed of items from the PPD scales of the Multi-Source Assessment of Personality Pathology self and informant reports and the Structured Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) Personality. Childhood trauma was measured using the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire, and SES was a composite of parent education, participant education, and annual household income. Blacks exhibited higher levels of PPD symptoms across the 3 personality measures, reported significantly lower SES, and reported greater childhood trauma. The proposed model was a good fit to the data, and the effect of race on PPD symptoms operated mainly through SES. The indirect effect through SES was stronger for males. Findings suggest that racial differences in PPD symptoms are partly explained by problems more commonly experienced by Black individuals.
Assuntos
Sobreviventes Adultos de Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/diagnóstico , Classe Social , População Branca/psicologia , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/psicologia , Avaliação de SintomasAssuntos
Dissidências e Disputas/história , Psiquiatria Legal/história , Militares/história , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/história , Comunismo/história , História do Século XX , Direitos Humanos/história , Humanos , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/diagnóstico , Propaganda , Federação RussaRESUMO
By means of a case vignette, this study explores the clinical intersection between paranoid personality disorder and other schizophrenia-spectrum illness. Even though the patient described had paramount signs of a paranoid personality disorder and was diagnosed as such, psychopathological symptoms extended considerably beyond the common concept and diagnostic criteria of the disorder. Management strategies included psychopharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, yet psychosocial functioning permanently appeared defective. While there is a persistent need for an opportunity to distinguish the characteristic syndromal pattern of paranoid personality attributes, the case exemplifies the challenges associated with classifying some largely suspicious and distrustful eccentrics within the schizophrenia spectrum.
Assuntos
Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Adulto , Assistência Ambulatorial , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Flufenazina/uso terapêutico , Alucinações/psicologia , Hospitalização , Humanos , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/psicologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/terapia , Risperidona/uso terapêutico , Esquizofrenia/classificação , Esquizofrenia/terapiaRESUMO
Impaired vocational functioning is a hallmark of schizophrenia, but limited research has evaluated the relationships between work and schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorders, including schizotypal (SPD) and paranoid personality disorder (PPD). This study compared employment history and job characteristics of 174 individuals drawn from the community or clinic, based on four personality disorder groups: SPD Only, PPD Only, SPD+PPD, and No SPD or PPD. Symptoms and cognitive functioning were also assessed. Both PPD and/or SPD were associated with lower rates of current employment, and a history of having worked at less cognitively complex jobs than people without these disorders. Participants with PPD were less likely to have a history of competitive work for one year, whereas those with SPD tended to have worked at jobs involving lower levels of social contact, compared with those without these disorders. When the effects of symptoms and cognitive functioning were statistically controlled, PPD remained a significant predictor of work history, and SPD remained a significant predictor of social contact on the job. The findings suggest that impaired vocational functioning is an important characteristic of SPD and PPD.
Assuntos
Cognição/fisiologia , Emprego/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/psicologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/psicologia , Comportamento Social , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , New York , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/reabilitação , Psicopatologia , Reabilitação Vocacional , Esquizofrenia/complicações , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/reabilitação , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The prevalence and expression of Cluster A personality disorders in adolescence is poorly analyzed and understood. The main goal was to analyze the rate of Cluster A traits and maladaptive personality patterns in adolescents. In addition, the underlying dimensional structure and the possible influence of sex and age in its phenotypic expression were examined. METHOD: The final sample was comprised of a total of 1,443 participants (M = 15.9 years, SD = 1.2). The instrument used was the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+). RESULTS: Cluster A maladaptive personality traits are common among adolescents. According to the PDQ-4+, 13.1% (n = 189) of the sample reported a Cluster A maladaptive personality pattern. Analysis of the internal structure yielded two interrelated factors, namely Paranoid and Schizotypal-Schizoid. Males, compared with females, obtained higher scores on the schizotypal subscale when the score was dimensional and on the schizotypal and schizoid subscales when items were dichotomized. CONCLUSIONS: These data yield new clues that improve the understanding of Cluster A traits in this sector of the population, and advance in early detection of adolescents at risk of personality disorders.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/psicologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizoide/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizoide/psicologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/psicologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Understanding the prevalence and type of personality disorder within prison systems allows for the effective targeting of resources to implement strategies to alleviate symptoms, manage behaviour and attempt to reduce re-offending. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of personality disorder (PD) traits within a local urban high-turnover adult male prison with a remand/recently sentenced population in London, UK. The International Personality Disorder Examination - Screening Questionnaire (IPDE-SQ) self-administered questionnaire (ICD-10 version) was completed by 283 prisoners (42% completion rate). 77% of respondents reached the threshold for one or more PDs. The most common PD types were Paranoid PD (44.5%), Anankastic PD (40.3%), Schizoid PD (35%) and Dissocial PD (25.8%). These results confirm and extend existing knowledge regarding the prevalence of PD in prison populations into a high-turnover, urban, remand population. The stark comparison with community samples indicates that a more equitable standard of service delivery within the criminal justice system, focussing on preventive and early intervention services, is now required.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Personalidade/epidemiologia , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Adulto , Transtorno da Personalidade Dependente/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Dependente/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Dependente/psicologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Histriônica/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Histriônica/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Histriônica/psicologia , Humanos , Londres/epidemiologia , Masculino , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/epidemiologia , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/psicologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/psicologia , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Prevalência , Prisioneiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Prisões/métodos , Prisões/estatística & dados numéricos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizoide/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizoide/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizoide/psicologiaRESUMO
The current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnostic system for Axis II disorders continues to be characterized by considerable heterogeneity and poor discriminant validity. Such problems impede accurate personality disorder (PD) diagnosis. As a result, alternative assessment tools are often used in conjunction with the DSM. One popular framework is the object relational model developed by Kernberg and his colleagues (J. F. Clarkin, M. F. Lenzenweger, F. Yeomans, K. N. Levy, & O. F. Kernberg, 2007, An object relations model of borderline pathology, Journal of Personality Disorders, Vol. 21, pp. 474-499; O. F. Kernberg, 1984, Severe Personality Disorders, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; O. F. Kernberg & E. Caligor, 2005, A psychoanalytic theory of personality disorders, in M. F. Lenzenweger & J. F. Clarkin, Eds., Major Theories of Personality Disorder, New York, NY: Guilford Press). Drawing on this model and empirical studies thereof, the current study attempted to clarify Kernberg's (1984) PD taxonomy and identify subtypes within a sample with varying levels of personality pathology using finite mixture modeling. Subjects (N = 141) were recruited to represent a wide range of pathology. The finite mixture modeling results indicated that 3 components were harbored within the variables analyzed. Group 1 was characterized by low levels of antisocial, paranoid, and aggressive features, and Group 2 was characterized by elevated paranoid features. Group 3 revealed the highest levels across the 3 variables. The validity of the obtained solution was then evaluated by reference to a variety of external measures that supported the validity of the identified grouping structure. Findings generally appear congruent with previous research, which argued that a PD taxonomy based on paranoid, aggressive, and antisocial features is a viable supplement to current diagnostic systems. Our study suggests that Kernberg's object relational model offers a plausible substantive aid in refining PD classification.
Assuntos
Determinação da Personalidade , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Adulto , Agressão , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/psicologia , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Psicológicos , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/psicologia , Transtornos da Personalidade/classificação , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is currently included in DSM-IV's "odd cluster" or "cluster A." In the present article, the authors review available information pertaining to the psychometric properties of PPD, as derived from the relevant literature and from databases of personality disorder study groups. There is comparatively little published evidence for the reliability and validity of PPD, and researchers by and large have tended not to study the disorder, either because of investigators' difficulty recruiting individuals with PPD into research studies, or (as seems more likely) because the trait-paranoia from which many psychiatric patients suffer has seemed better explained by other DSM-IV disorders on Axis I and/or Axis II than by PPD. Given the scant empirical evidence on PPD, it seems reasonable to remove it as an independent diagnosis from the next edition of DSM, and instead to encourage clinicians to code trait-paranoia using a dimensional approach.
Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Paranoide/psicologia , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Humanos , Transtornos Paranoides/diagnóstico , Transtornos Paranoides/psicologia , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , PsicometriaRESUMO
Paranoia is a mental pathology which severely complicates interpersonal relationships. Its mechanisms and its delusional themes often mean that paranoid subjects have strained, or even violent relations inside and/or outside their family. These difficuIt relationships can sometimes even lead to serious assaults without causing death or more rarely result in homicides with frequent pre-incident indicators.