Impact of Health Education in Combination with Nutrition Support Nursing on the Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

This study aimed to ascertain the effects of health education combined with nutrition support nursing on the nutritional status and quality of life of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. A clinical study was conducted. Sixty-four patients with tuberculosis were selected as the study participants and divided into control and observation groups (n = 32). Both groups received antituberculosis drugs. The control group received standard nursing care, while the observation group received health education in conjunction with nutrition support nursing. After 3 months of intervention, the total effective treatment rate and adherence were compared. Before and after the intervention, the albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PA), transferrin (TF), and hemoglobin (Hb) level, body mass index (BMI), and Short Form-36 (SF-36) scores were compared. The occurrence of adverse reactions during intervention was recorded. Following the intervention, the observation group exhibited a higher treatment total effective rate and increased levels of ALB, PA, TF, Hb, and BMI compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The observation group demonstrated a higher total adherence rate and a lower incidence of adverse reactions compared with the control group (p < 0.05); the SF-36 score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). The integration of health education and nutrition support nursing can effectively enhance the therapeutic outcomes of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. This approach not only improves their nutritional status, treatment adherence, and quality of life, but also reduces the incidence of adverse reactions. The findings of this study lay a solid foundation for further exploration of the combined effects of health education and nutrition support nursing on pulmonary tuberculosis.

Exploration of Holistic Nursing Strategy for Diabetic Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Objective: To explore the application effect of comprehensive nursing based on medical-care integration in diabetic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: 80 diabetic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were treated at Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from March 2022 to March 2023 were randomly divided into the routine nursing group and the comprehensive nursing group. The routine nursing group received conventional nursing care, while the comprehensive nursing group received comprehensive nursing based on medical-care integration and routine care. The blood glucose levels, tuberculosis cure rate, negative emotions, quality of life, and satisfaction with nursing care were compared before and after nursing in both groups. Results: After receiving comprehensive nursing care, participants had lower fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin levels than those who received routine nursing care. Compared to patients receiving standard care, patients under comprehensive care demonstrated increased rates of tuberculosis lesion resolution and tuberculosis bacilli conversion. The assessments of patients' negative emotions using SAS and SDS scores showed lower levels, while their scores for physiological, psychological, and social functions were higher. Additionally, they reported heightened levels of satisfaction with nursing care. Conclusion: The provision of comprehensive nursing based on medical-care integration for patients suffering from diabetes complicated by pulmonary tuberculosis by medical and nursing personnel is advantageous for fostering amelioration in the clinical manifestations of individuals afflicted with this condition. Additionally, it facilitates patients' recuperation while significantly enhancing their emotional well-being, quality of life, and nursing satisfaction.

A vivência do tratamento de tuberculose em unidades de Saúde da Família / La experiencia del tratamiento de tuberculosis en unidades de Salud de la Familia / The experience of tuberculosis treatment in Family Health Units

RESUMO Objetivo Compreender a vivência dos portadores de tuberculose referente aos cuidados recebidos durante o tratamento e sua relação com os profissionais de saúde. Método Pesquisa fenomenológica realizada com 27 portadores de tuberculose em unidades de Estratégia de Saúde da Família do município do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas analisadas pelo referencial Heideggeriano. Resultados A análise evidenciou que os usuários estão dispostos no modo de ser da inautenticidade característica dos serviços de saúde; o temor existencial da morte domina o cotidiano dos doentes e os mantêm seguindo o tratamento. Considerações finais e implicações para a prática Existe a possibilidade de se efetivar um cuidado que integre o conhecimento técnico capaz de dominar o modo de ser dos profissionais na dimensão subjetiva de quem precisa do tratamento, superando a tradição ôntica do cuidado inautêntico para o cuidado autêntico, que libera o outro para a cura.

RESUMEN Objetivos Comprender la vivencia de los portadores de tuberculosis referentes a los cuidados recibidos durante el tratamiento y su relación con los profesionales de salud. Método Investigación fenomenológica realizada con 27 portadores de tuberculosis en unidades de Salud de la Familia del municipio de Rio de Janeiro. Los datos fueron obtenidos por medio de entrevistas analizadas con referencial Heideggeriano. Resultados El análisis de los discursos evidenció que los usuarios están dispuestos en el modo-de-ser de la inautenticidad característico de los servicios de salud; el temor existencial de la muerte es lo que domina el cotidiano de los enfermos y los mantiene siguiendo el tratamiento. Consideraciones finales e implicaciones para la práctica Existe la posibilidad de realizar un cuidado que integre el conocimiento técnico que domina el modo-de-ser de los profesionales con la dimensión subjetiva de quien necesita el tratamiento, superando la tradición óntica de un cuidado inauténtico para el cuidado auténtico que libera al otro para la curación.

ABSTRACT Objectives To understand the experience of patients having tuberculosis regarding the care received during treatment and their relationship with health professionals. Method Phenomenological research carried out with 27 tuberculosis patients in Family Health Strategy Units in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The data were obtained through interviews analyzed by Heidegger's referential. Results The analysis of the discourses evidenced that the users are disposed in the mode of being of the inauthenticity characteristic of health services; the existential fear of death dominates the daily lives of the patients and it keeps them following the treatment. Final considerations and Implications for the practice There is the possibility of performing a care, which integrates the technical knowledge able to dominate the way of being of professionals with the subjective dimension of those who need treatment, overcoming the ontic tradition of inauthentic care for the authentic care, which frees the other for the healing.

Measuring instrument: knowledge, attitudes and practices of people with pulmonary tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE: to build an instrument to attain reliable and valid measurements of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS: methodological study that measured the sensitivity, reliability and validity of the instrument content. Studies of reliability and content validity comprehensibility involved 234 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. RESULTS: an integrative review was conducted for theoretical foundation. The sensitivity study comprised 30 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, who had greater knowledge on tuberculosis (12.03) than the control group (9.93). Factor analysis showed that 7 factors explained 67.8% of the variance. Content validity identified a 98.3 % comprehensibility, and the expert trial assessed the sufficiency, clarity, relevance and coherence criteria, showing agreement between judges. CONCLUSIONS: the instrument has studies of sensitivity, reliability and content validity that showed it can be applied to patients with pulmonary tuberculosis; nevertheless, cultural and semantic adaptations must be developed for other scenarios.

Cuidados de enfermagem a um paciente portador de tuberculose pulmonar e comorbidades: relato de caso / Nursing care to a patient having pulmonary tuberculosis disease and comorbidites: case report / Cuidados de enfermería a paciente de la tuberculosis pulmonar y comorbilidades: presentación de um caso

Objetivo: Realizar um estudo de caso de um jovem portador de tuberculose pulmonar (TP) e construir um plano de assistência de enfermagem, visando a melhoria da qualidade de vida do paciente. Métodos: Estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa de um paciente portador de TP, hipertensão arterial pulmonar, desnutrição e alcoolismo, no Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz (HUOC) em Recife-PE, no período de março a junho de 2016. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante anamnese, exame físico, análise do prontuário, pesquisa literária e histórica de enfermagem. Resultados: Identificamos 13 diagnósticos de enfermagem: padrão respiratório ineficaz, nutrição/fadiga, manutenção ineficaz da saúde e do lar, distúrbios da identidade/autoestima, risco de solidão/suicídio e angustia espiritual. Conclusão: A enfermagem tem especial importância nas ações de controle da TP realizando a supervisão do tratamento, evitando o abandono e a tuberculose resistente, garantindo a adesão e um tratamento bem-sucedido

Objetivo: Realizar un estudio de caso de un paciente joven con tuberculosis pulmonar (TP) y construir un plan de atención de enfermería con el fin de mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente. Métodos: Un estudio de caso con enfoque cualitativo de un paciente con enfermedad de Parkinson, la hipertensión arterial pulmonar, la desnutrición y el alcoholismo, el Hospital Universitario Oswaldo Cruz (HUOC) en Recife, de marzo a junio de 2016. La recolección de datos fue realizado por la historia clínica, examen físico, análisis de la historia clínica, la investigación literaria y la historia de enfermería. Resultados: Se identificaron 13 diagnósticos de enfermería: Modelo ineficaz la respiración, la nutrición/fatiga, mantenimiento ineficaz de la salud y el hogar, trastornos de identidad/autoestima, la soledad de riesgo/suicidio y la angustia espiritual. Conclusión: La enfermería tiene especial importancia en las acciones de control TP mediante la supervisión del tratamiento, evitar el abandono y la tuberculosis resistente, asegurando la adherencia y un tratamiento exitoso

Objective: Performing a case study of a young patient having pulmonary tuberculosis disease (TB) and design a nursing care plan aiming to improve the patient life quality. Methods: Case study with a qualitative approach of a patient having TB, pulmonary arterial hypertension, malnutrition state and also alcoholism. The study was done at the Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital (HUOC) in Recife, Brazil, from March to June 2016. Data collection was performed through anamnesis, physical examination, medical records analysis, literary research and nursing history. Results: We were able to identify 13 nursing diagnoses, as follows: ineffective respiratory pattern, nutrition/fatigue, ineffective maintenance of health and home, identity/self-esteem disorders, solitude/ suicide risk and spiritual distress. Conclusion: The nursing professionals have especial importance regarding the actions of TB control, supervising the treatment, avoiding abandonment and resistant tuberculosis, as well as, guaranteeing adherence and a successful treatment

Short-course therapy for tuberculosis: a discourse analysis. / Terapia de curta duração da tuberculose: uma análise discursiva.

OBJECTIVE:: to analyze the meanings produced by nursing professionals in the directly observed treatment (DOT) for tuberculosis (TB) in the city of São Paulo. METHOD:: this is a qualitative study, conducted in March and April 2014 through semi-directed interviews with nine nurses. The empirical material produced was analyzed according to the theoretical and methodological support of the Discourse Analysis of French matrix. RESULTS:: results have emerged as three discursive blocks: conditions for the production of tuberculosis control practices; production conditions facilitating the treatment of tuberculosis; and production conditions hindering the treatment of tuberculosis. CONCLUSION:: these professionals' words produce different meanings, which suggest that the practices of nursing professionals allow the patient to search for a cure, which is reinforced by incentives of a social nature, but permeated by the vicissitudes that are circumscribed in the ill person's everyday production conditions.

Terapia de curta duração da tuberculose: uma análise discursiva / Terapia de corta duración de la tuberculosis: un análisis discursivo / Short-course therapy for tuberculosis: a discourse analysis

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os sentidos produzidos pelos profissionais de enfermagem sobre o tratamento diretamente observado (TDO) para tuberculose (TB) em município do estado de São Paulo. Método: trata-se de estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido em março e abril de 2014, por meio de entrevista semidirigida, com nove profissionais de enfermagem. O material empírico produzido foi analisado conforme o aporte teórico-metodológico de Análise de Discurso de matriz francesa. Resultados: emergiram como resultados três blocos discursivos: Condições de produção das práticas de controle da tuberculose; Condições de produção que facilitam o tratamento da tuberculose; Condições de produção que dificultam o tratamento da tuberculose. Conclusão: os dizeres desses profissionais produzem diversos sentidos, os quais sugerem que as práticas dos profissionais de Enfermagem possibilitam ao doente a busca pela cura, reforçada por incentivos de caráter social, não obstante, permeadas por vicissitudes circunscritas nas condições de produção do cotidiano da pessoa adoecida.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los sentidos producidos por profesionales de enfermería acerca del tratamiento por observación directa (TDO) para tuberculosis (TB) en municipio del estado de São Paulo. Método: estudio cualitativo desarrollado en marzo y abril de 2014, mediante entrevistas semidirigidas con nueve profesionales de enfermería. El material empírico generado fue analizado conforme el aporte teórico-metodológico del Análisis del Discurso de matriz francesa. Resultados: surgieron como resultados tres bloques discursivos: condiciones de producción de las prácticas de control de la tuberculosos; Condiciones de producción que facilitan el tratamiento de la tuberculosis; Condiciones de producción que dificultan el tratamiento de la tuberculosos. Conclusión: los dichos de los profesionales determinan diversos sentidos, los cuales sugieren que las prácticas de profesionales de Enfermería le brindan al enfermo la búsqueda de la cura, reforzada con incentivos de carácter social; aunque permeadas por vicisitudes circunscriptas a las condiciones de producción del cotidiano de la persona enferma.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the meanings produced by nursing professionals in the directly observed treatment (DOT) for tuberculosis (TB) in the city of São Paulo. Method: this is a qualitative study, conducted in March and April 2014 through semi-directed interviews with nine nurses. The empirical material produced was analyzed according to the theoretical and methodological support of the Discourse Analysis of French matrix. Results: results have emerged as three discursive blocks: conditions for the production of tuberculosis control practices; production conditions facilitating the treatment of tuberculosis; and production conditions hindering the treatment of tuberculosis. Conclusion: these professionals' words produce different meanings, which suggest that the practices of nursing professionals allow the patient to search for a cure, which is reinforced by incentives of a social nature, but permeated by the vicissitudes that are circumscribed in the ill person's everyday production conditions.

Exames realizados para o diagnóstico de tuberculose pulmonar no município de ribeirão preto, brasil / Exámenes realizados para el diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar en la ciudad de ribeirão preto, brasil / Tests performed for pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis in ribeirao preto city, brazil

Objetivou-se analisar o processo de realização de exames para o diagnóstico da tuberculose pulmonar, no município de Ribeirão Preto. Estudo epidemiológico descritivo do tipo inquérito a partir de uma abordagem quantitativa. A população de estudo foi constituída por 84 doentes de tuberculose pulmonar em tratamento (com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, residentes em Ribeirão Preto), no período de janeiro a abril de 2009. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e para tal utilizou-se um questionário estruturado. De forma complementar, foram levantados todos os exames realizados pelos doentes entrevistados no período do seu diagnóstico no Sistema de Controle de Pacientes com Tuberculose do Estado de São Paulo (TB-WEB). Para análise dos dados, foram utilizadas técnicas de estatística descritiva. Observou-se que a realização de exames no processo de elucidação diagnóstica da tuberculose pulmonar precisa transpor algumas barreiras organizacionais, culturais, geográficas e econômicas, visto que o acesso ao diagnóstico tem ocorrido por meio dos serviços especializados e de referência para controle da doença.

RESUMEN El objetivo fue analizar el proceso de realización de exámenes para el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis pulmonar, en la ciudad de Ribeirão Preto, Brasil. Estudio epidemiológico descriptivo del tipo averiguación a partir de un enfoque cuantitativo. La población estudiada consistió en 84 pacientes en tratamiento de la tuberculosis pulmonar (con edad igual o superior a 18 años, que viven en Ribeirão Preto), en el periodo de enero a abril de 2009. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas, utilizando un cuestionario estructurado. Por otra parte, se plantearon todos los exámenes realizados por los enfermos entrevistados en el momento de su diagnóstico en el Sistema de Control de Pacientes con Tuberculosis del Estado de São Paulo (TB-WEB). Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizaron técnicas de estadística descriptiva. Se observó que la realización de exámenes en el proceso de elucidación diagnóstica de la tuberculosis pulmonar necesita superar algunas barreras organizacionales, culturales, geográficas y económicas, ya que el acceso al diagnóstico se ha producido a través de servicios especializados y de referencia para el control de la enfermedad.

ABSTRACT The objective was to analyze the process of examinations for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ribeirao Preto. This is a survey type study with a quantitative approach. The study population consisted of 84 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis under treatment (aged over 18 years old, living in Ribeirão Preto), from January to April 2009. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire. Moreover, all tests performed by patients interviewed at the time of diagnosis were raised from the System of Tuberculosis Patients Control of the State of São Paulo (TB-WEB). For data analysis, descriptive statistics were used. It was observed that the performance of tests in the laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis process needs to overcome some organizational, cultural, geographical and economical barriers, since the access to diagnosis has occurred through specialized services, reference for disease control.

Lessons from changing times.

It will not have escaped your notice that it is the centenary of the outbreak of the first world war. In nursing, the event has prompted the profession to look back on how society has changed but, as this month's issue shows, there are age-old public health challenges that have yet to be combated and new ones arising, to boot.

Understanding the effect of miliary tuberculosis through the experience of one young person.

In the UK, tuberculosis (TB) is on the increase. Miliary TB affects the lungs and can leave lasting damage, and affect a person's quality of life adversely. Healthcare professionals need to co-ordinate services efficiently, to ensure a smooth transition from hospital to home, and ensure there is appropriate support in the community for as long as necessary. In this article, a boy describes his journey through the illness: the associated bewilderment, deterioration, pain, fear and isolation; the emergencies; the prolonged but effective treatment; the care he received; and the support of his family. On discharge, he was still breathless and found it difficult to adapt to home life but, with thorough planning of his support with healthcare professionals, parents and relevant agencies, he was able to get back to school and continue his education.

Feasibility, accuracy, and clinical effect of point-of-care Xpert MTB/RIF testing for tuberculosis in primary-care settings in Africa: a multicentre, randomised, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The Xpert MTB/RIF test for tuberculosis is being rolled out in many countries, but evidence is lacking regarding its implementation outside laboratories, ability to inform same-day treatment decisions at the point of care, and clinical effect on tuberculosis-related morbidity. We aimed to assess the feasibility, accuracy, and clinical effect of point-of-care Xpert MTB/RIF testing at primary-care health-care facilities in southern Africa. METHODS: In this pragmatic, randomised, parallel-group, multicentre trial, we recruited adults with symptoms suggestive of active tuberculosis from five primary-care health-care facilities in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Tanzania. Eligible patients were randomly assigned using pregenerated tables to nurse-performed Xpert MTB/RIF at the clinic or sputum smear microscopy. Participants with a negative test result were empirically managed according to local WHO-compliant guidelines. Our primary outcome was tuberculosis-related morbidity (measured with the TBscore and Karnofsky performance score [KPS]) in culture-positive patients who had begun anti-tuberculosis treatment, measured at 2 months and 6 months after randomisation, analysed by intention to treat. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT01554384. FINDINGS: Between April 12, 2011, and March 30, 2012, we randomly assigned 758 patients to smear microscopy (182 culture positive) and 744 to Xpert MTB/RIF (185 culture positive). Median TBscore in culture-positive patients did not differ between groups at 2 months (2 [IQR 0-3] in the smear microscopy group vs 2 [0·25-3] in the MTB/RIF group; p=0·85) or 6 months (1 [0-3] vs 1 [0-3]; p=0·35), nor did median KPS at 2 months (80 [70-90] vs 90 [80-90]; p=0·23) or 6 months (100 [90-100] vs 100 [90-100]; p=0·85). Point-of-care MTB/RIF had higher sensitivity than microscopy (154 [83%] of 185 vs 91 [50%] of 182; p=0·0001) but similar specificity (517 [95%] 544 vs 540 [96%] of 560; p=0·25), and had similar sensitivity to laboratory-based MTB/RIF (292 [83%] of 351; p=0·99) but higher specificity (952 [92%] of 1037; p=0·0173). 34 (5%) of 744 tests with point-of-care MTB/RIF and 82 (6%) of 1411 with laboratory-based MTB/RIF failed (p=0·22). Compared with the microscopy group, more patients in the MTB/RIF group had a same-day diagnosis (178 [24%] of 744 vs 99 [13%] of 758; p<0·0001) and same-day treatment initiation (168 [23%] of 744 vs 115 [15%] of 758; p=0·0002). Although, by end of the study, more culture-positive patients in the MTB/RIF group were on treatment due to reduced dropout (15 [8%] of 185 in the MTB/RIF group did not receive treatment vs 28 [15%] of 182 in the microscopy group; p=0·0302), the proportions of all patients on treatment in each group by day 56 were similar (320 [43%] of 744 in the MTB/RIF group vs 317 [42%] of 758 in the microscopy group; p=0·6408). INTERPRETATION: Xpert MTB/RIF can be accurately administered by a nurse in primary-care clinics, resulting in more patients starting same-day treatment, more culture-positive patients starting therapy, and a shorter time to treatment. However, the benefits did not translate into lower tuberculosis-related morbidity, partly because of high levels of empirical-evidence-based treatment in smear-negative patients. FUNDING: European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, National Research Foundation, and Claude Leon Foundation.

Improving the uptake of HIV testing in patients with tuberculosis.

The HIV epidemic has increased the global tuberculosis (TB) burden and focused attention on the need to strengthen links between TB and HIV programmes in order to tackle these public health issues more effectively (World Health Organization (WHO), 2004). HIV testing is now recommended in various healthcare settings and guidelines state that it should include all patients with a diagnosis of active TB (British HIV Association, British Association of Sexual Health and HIV, British Infection Society, 2008; Health Protection Agency (HPA), 2009). This has been shown to standardise HIV testing and improve outcomes as HIV infection will affect the management of active TB and will reduce transmission of the virus within the community (HPA, 2009). The purpose of this study was to determine if a change had occurred after the introduction of nurse-led HIV testing following the results of an audit. The re-audit examined whether a change had occurred in the rate of HIV testing in confirmed active TB cases. The study covered a 12-month period; 31 cases of active TB were identified for inclusion in the study. Patients were offered testing in 90.3% of cases and the results strongly demonstrated that nurse-led HIV testing can improve uptake in both a clinic and community setting.

Updating a tuberculosis surveillance program: considering all of the variables.

Tuberculosis surveillance programs have used the same testing methods for almost a century. New testing methods have been approved and are available, but how does a health care provider determine which diagnostic test is best in a given situation? Reviewing research statistics can be confusing, and the types of studies conducted may not be similar to a particular application. Development of an organizational needs assessment based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) requirements, organizational resources, the needs of the employee population, and the logistics of multiple campus sites prior to evaluating the available testing methods can assist occupational health nurses navigate the decision-making process. This article presents an example of a moderately sized health care facility to illustrate how to conduct a needs assessment that results in a decision as to which program best suits the organization. [Workplace Health Saf 2013;61(6):271-278.].

Isolation: a concept analysis.

TOPIC: Concept analysis of isolation. PURPOSE: This article uses Walker and Avant's methodological approach in distinguishing the concept of isolation between the normal, ordinary language usage and the scientific usage of the concept. BACKGROUND: The importance of social contact has long been recognized as a fundamental need for humans. The concept of isolation is used throughout the lay and scientific literature and has a primarily negative connotation for humans. The experience is sometimes severe enough to result in serious reductions in adaptation and performance. DATA SOURCES: The Medline, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases were searched using the key terms of concept analysis, human, and isolation with no restriction on the year of publication. English language reports were used exclusively. CONCLUSION: Three attributes were identified: sensory deprivation, social isolation, and confinement. Antecedents included individual perception and situational dimensions. Consequences included anxiety, depression, mood disturbances, anger, loneliness, and adverse health events. Through this concept analysis, isolation has been theoretically defined as a state in which an individual experiences a reduction in the level of normal sensory and social input with possible involuntary limitations on physical space or movement. Systematic studies of isolation using this concept can ultimately enhance nurses' knowledge base and contribute to the quality of life for isolated persons.