RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Red fruits are characterised by a particularly high content of bioactive compounds, e.g. anthocyanins, tannins, pectins, vitamins and minerals. Dietary supply of proper amounts of antioxidants is essential to reduce oxidative stress, and thus is an important element in the prevention of lifestyle diseases. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the content of polyphenols in selected red fruit juices (chokeberry, elderberry, pomegranate, cranberry), as well as to assess the impact of storage time on the content of these compounds in the analysed samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research material consisted of 17 juices (100%): 3 chokeberry juices, 4 elderberry juices, 5 pomegranate juices and 5 cranberry juices, which differed in terms of the manufacturer, type, price range, country of origin and production method. The total polyphenol content was measured by spectrophotometry using the Folin�Ciocalteu reagent. The procedure was based on a modified method described by Waterhouse. Active acidity (pH) was measured with the potentiometric method using a pH-meter and the sucrose content was measured using a refractometer. RESULTS: The highest mean content of polyphenolic compounds was found in chokeberry and elderberry juices. Juice storage time did not reduce the mean content of polyphenolic compounds. The highest sucrose content was found in chokeberry juices and the lowest in cranberry juice. CONCLUSIONS: Chokeberry and elderberry juices had the highest content of polyphenols among the tested products. Juices stored after opening in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions (at 4°C) do not lose their nutritional properties.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Frutas , Polifenóis , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/análise , Frutas/química , Antioxidantes/análise , Polifenóis/análise , Fenóis/análise , Humanos , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Punica granatum/química , Sambucus/químicaRESUMO
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections in postmenopausal women, and women with diabetes are possibly at a higher risk. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential benefit on the prevention of UTI episodes, assessed by urinalysis and urine culture (primary outcome) after two, four and six months, of daily oral dietary supplement (120 mg highly standardized cranberry extract phytosome), compared to placebo, in diabetic postmenopausal women taking SGLT-2 inhibitors. Forty-six subjects (mean age 72.45 ± 1.76) completed the study (23 placebo/23 supplement). Considering UTI episodes, during the six-month supplementation period, an increase of 1.321 (95% CI: -0.322; 2.9650) was observed in the placebo group, while it remained at a steady value of 0.393 (95% CI: -4.230; 5.016) in the supplemented group. Regarding UTI episodes, in both groups, interaction between times for supplementation was statistically significant (p = 0.001). In particular, at follow-up 4, 9% of the placebo group showed infection versus only 3% with cranberry supplementation. Glycaemia and glycated hemoglobin values (secondary outcomes) were not modified at the end of six months with respect to the basal values in both groups, as expected. While in terms of quality of life per the SF-12 health questionnaire, there were no differences between the two groups, an improvement in SF-12 quality of life was observed in both groups (six months vs. basal). In conclusion, highly standardized cranberry extract phytosome supplementation reduced UTI recurrence.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Extratos Vegetais , Pós-Menopausa , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose , Infecções Urinárias , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Humanos , Feminino , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Urinárias/prevenção & controle , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Método Duplo-CegoRESUMO
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are currently an important public health concern posing a serious threat due to their resistance to the current arsenal of antibiotics. Uropathogens Escherichia coli (UPEC), Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis, antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria, cause serious cases of prolonged UTIs, increasing healthcare costs and potentially even leading to the death of an affected patient. This review discusses current knowledge about the increasing resistance to currently recommended antibiotics for UTI therapy, as well as novel therapeutic options. Traditional antibiotics are still a part of the therapy guidelines for UTIs, although they are often not effective and have serious side effects. Hence, novel drugs are being developed, such as combinations of ß-lactam antibiotics with cephalosporins and carbapenems. Siderophoric cephalosporins, such as cefiderocol, have shown potential in the treatment of individuals with significant gram-negative bacterial infections, as well as aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines that are also undergoing clinical trials. The use of cranberry and probiotics is another potential curative and preventive method that has shown antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. However, further studies are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics containing cranberry extract for UTI prevention and treatment. An emerging novel approach for UTI treatment is the use of immuno-prophylactic vaccines, as well as different nanotechnology solutions such as nanoparticles (NP). NP have the potential to be used as delivery systems for drugs to specific targets. Furthermore, nanotechnology could enable the development of nano antibiotics with improved features by the application of different NPs in their structure, such as gold and copper NPs. However, further high-quality research is required for the synthesis and testing of these novel molecules, such as safety evaluation and pharmacovigilance.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Infecções Urinárias , Humanos , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia , Infecções Urinárias/prevenção & controle , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Animais , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Vaccinium macrocarpon/químicaRESUMO
AIM: Occurrence of denture stomatitis and prosthesis breakage are common problems faced by elderly people wearing removable dentures. To overcome this, several attempts are made to improve the denture material by addition of antimicrobials without compromising original properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate flexural strength and microhardness of self-cured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin after addition of Vaccinium macrocarpon (commonly called as cranberry), extract as antimicrobial, at varying proportions. STUDY SETTING AND DESIGN: Experimental in vitro study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Frozen cranberry fruits were subjected to extraction process in the presence of aqueous solvents. Lyophilized extract was added in proportions of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 dry wt/wt % into polymer of self-cure PMMA denture base resin. Based on cranberry inclusion, the study comprised one control (0%) and four test groups (0.5%-2%) with total of 100 samples. A three-point bending test for flexural strength was done for fifty study samples (n = 10). Surface of fractured samples was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Microhardness was determined using Vickers hardness test. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: One-way statistical ANOVA test was done to find the difference between groups, followed by Tukey's post hoc test for multiple pairwise comparison. RESULTS: Flexural strength ranged from 66.80 to 69.28 MPa, and a statistically insignificant difference was observed between groups (P > 0.05). SEM evaluation showed uniformly dispersed strands of cranberry extract in PMMA matrix. With higher concentration, less voids were seen. Vickers microhardness value significantly decreased from 15.96 in the control group to 14.57 with 2% cranberry addition (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Incorporation of cranberry extract into self-cure PMMA denture base resin, up to 2 dry wt %, did not decline the flexural strength. However, there was a significant decrease in Vickers microhardness values when compared against the control group (0% cranberry inclusion).
Assuntos
Resistência à Flexão , Dureza , Teste de Materiais , Extratos Vegetais , Polimetil Metacrilato , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Polimetil Metacrilato/química , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Humanos , Bases de Dentadura , Materiais Dentários/química , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Técnicas In VitroRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the available scientific evidence from in vitro studies regarding the effect induced by the flavonoids contained in grape seed extracts (GSE) and cranberry on the microbiological activity of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). METHODS: This systematic review was performed following the parameters of the PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis). Electronic and manual searches were conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane databases. Reference lists of selected articles were reviewed to identify relevant studies. The search was not limited by year and was conducted solely in English. Eligible studies comprised publications describing in vitro studies that evaluated the effect of flavonoids derived from GSE and cranberry extracts on the microbiological activity of S. mutans. Common variables were identified to consolidate the data. Authors of this review independently screened search results, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. RESULTS: Of the 420 studies identified from the different databases, 22 publications were finally selected for review. The risk of bias was low in 13 articles and moderate in 9. The studies analyzed in this review revealed that cranberry extract has an inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth of S. mutans in ranges from 0.5 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL, and GSE exerts a similar effect from 0.5 mg/mL to 250 mg/mL. Additionally, the extracts or their fractions showed reduced biofilm formation capacity, decreased polymicrobial biofilm biomass, deregulation of glycosyltransferases (Gtf) B and C expression, and buffering of pH drop. In addition to adequate antioxidant activity related to polyphenol content. CONCLUSIONS: The overall results showed that the extracts of cranberry and grape seed were effective in reducing the virulence factors of the oral pathogen. According to the data, proanthocyanidins are the active components in cranberry and grape seed that effectively resist S. mutans. They can inhibit the formation of insoluble polysaccharides in the extracellular matrix and prevent glycan-mediated adhesion, cohesion, and aggregation of the proteins in S. mutans. This suggests that these natural extracts could play an important role in the prevention of cariogenic bacterial colonization, as well as induce a decrease in their microbiological activity.
Assuntos
Flavonoides , Extrato de Sementes de Uva , Extratos Vegetais , Streptococcus mutans , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Extrato de Sementes de Uva/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Vitis , Proantocianidinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Cranberries are rich in polyphenols, have a high antioxidant capacity, and may protect against exercise-induced free radical production. Mitochondria are known producers of free radical in skeletal muscle, and preventing overproduction of radicals may be a viable approach to improve muscle health. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a polyphenol-rich cranberry extract (CE) on muscle oxidative capacity and oxygenation metrics in healthy active adults. 17 participants (9 males and 8 females) were tested at: (i) baseline, (ii) 2 h following an acute CE dose (0.7 g/kg of body mass), and (iii) after 4 weeks of daily supplement consumption (0.3 g/kg of body mass). At each time point, muscle oxidative capacity was determined using near-infrared spectroscopy to measure the recovery kinetics of muscle oxygen consumption following a 15-20 s contraction of the vastus lateralis. Cranberry supplementation over 28 days significantly improved muscle oxidative capacity (k-constant, 2.8 ± 1.8 vs. 3.9 ± 2.2; p = 0.02). This was supported by a greater rate of oxygen depletion during a sustained cuff occlusion (-0.04 ± 0.02 vs. -0.07 ± 0.03; p = 0.02). Resting muscle oxygen consumption was not affected by cranberry consumption. Our results suggest that cranberry supplementation may play a role in improving mitochondrial health, which could lead to better muscle oxidative capacity in healthy active adult populations.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Músculo Esquelético , Consumo de Oxigênio , Extratos Vegetais , Polifenóis , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Humanos , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Masculino , Feminino , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Polifenóis/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Adulto Jovem , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologiaRESUMO
In this study, linalool-nanoparticles (L-NPs) were prepared (encapsulation efficiency was 68.54â¯%) and introduced pH-indicator film based on cranberry-extract (CEF) to develop multifunctional smart films. XRD analysis and FTIR spectroscopy indicated that cranberry-extract (CE) and L-NPs were uniformly distributed in the gelatin/agar matrix and could change the intermolecular structure of the film. Color change of smart films showed that CE endowed the film with pH-sensitive property. As CE and L-NPs were added to the film, the water contact angle (WCA) was increased from 57.03° to 117.73°, the elongation at break (EAB) was increased from 12.30â¯% to 34.60â¯%. Additionally, the introduction of L-NPs enhanced the antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical scavenging rate increased from 26.80â¯% to 36.35â¯%) and antibacterial activity (against S. aureus and E. coli) of the smart film, which were verified by its retarding effect on pork spoilage.
Assuntos
Monoterpenos Acíclicos , Antioxidantes , Gelatina , Nanopartículas , Extratos Vegetais , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Monoterpenos Acíclicos/química , Monoterpenos Acíclicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Gelatina/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Nanopartículas/química , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Ágar/química , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
This work seeks to generate new knowledge about the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of cranberry against urinary tract infections (UTI). Using Caco-2 cells grown in Transwell inserts as an intestinal barrier model, we found that a cranberry-derived digestive fluid (containing 135 ± 5 mg of phenolic compounds/L) increased transepithelial electrical resistance with respect to control (ΔTEER = 54.5 Ω cm2) and decreased FITC-dextran paracellular transport by about 30%, which was related to the upregulation of the gene expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins (i.e., occludin, zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1], and claudin-2) (â¼3-4-fold change with respect to control for claudin-2 and â¼2-3-fold for occludin and ZO-1). Similar protective effects, albeit to a lesser extent, were observed when Caco-2 cells were previously infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). In a urinary barrier model comprising T24 cells grown in Transwell inserts and either noninfected or UPEC-infected, treatments with the cranberry-derived phenolic metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and phenylacetic acid (PAA) (250 µM) also promoted favorable changes in barrier integrity and permeability. In this line, incubation of noninfected T24 cells with these metabolites induced positive regulatory effects on claudin-2 and ZO-1 expression (â¼3.5- and â¼2-fold change with respect to control for DOPAC and â¼1.5- and >2-fold change with respect to control for PAA, respectively). Overall, these results suggest that the protective action of cranberry polyphenols against UTI might involve molecular mechanisms related to the integrity and functionality of the urothelium and intestinal epithelium.
Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais , Polifenóis , Infecções Urinárias , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Humanos , Infecções Urinárias/prevenção & controle , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Polifenóis/química , Polifenóis/metabolismo , Células CACO-2 , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Proteína da Zônula de Oclusão-1/metabolismo , Proteína da Zônula de Oclusão-1/genética , Escherichia coli Uropatogênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli Uropatogênica/genética , Ocludina/genética , Ocludina/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Junções Íntimas/metabolismo , Junções Íntimas/efeitos dos fármacos , Frutas/química , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Escherichia coli/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologiaRESUMO
The separation sheets for fruit leather are traditionally made of plastic film or wax paper, which not only leads to environmental issues but also is inconvenience to consumers. This study evaluated edible fruit leather separation sheets using food polymers, including hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and incorporation of cranberry pomace water extract (CPE) for providing natural fruit pigment, flavor, and phenolics. HPMCCPE film was then further improved by incorporating hydrophobic compound (oleic acid, OA) and vitamin E (VE) via cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) Pickering emulsion (CNCP) for enhancing film hydrophobicity and nutritional benefit, respectively. The CNCP-HPMCCPE film exhibited reduced water vapor permeability (â¼0.033 g mm/m2 d Pa) compared to HPMCCPE film (â¼0.59 g mm/m2 d Pa) and had the least change in mass and moisture content when wrapping fruit leather for up to 2 weeks of ambient storage. The fruit leather wrapped by CNCP-HPMCCPE film showed lower weight change than those by films without CNCP due to low mass transfer between film and fruit leather. CNCP resulted in controlled release of VE into a food simulating solvent (ethanol). The developed colorful and edible fruit leather separation sheet satisfied the increased market demands on sustainable food packaging. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Colorful and flavorful edible films made of edible polymers, fruit pomace water extract, and emulsified hydrophobic compounds with vitamin E were created. The films have the satisfactory performance to replace the conventional fruit leather separation sheet made of plastic or wax paper. The edible films can be eaten with packaged fruit leather for not only reducing packaging waste but also providing convenience and nutritional benefit to consumers. These functional edible films may also be utilized to package other food products for promoting packaging sustainability and nutritional benefit.
Assuntos
Filmes Comestíveis , Embalagem de Alimentos , Frutas , Extratos Vegetais , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Vitamina E , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Vitamina E/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Frutas/química , Embalagem de Alimentos/métodos , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Permeabilidade , Derivados da Hipromelose/química , Alimentos Fortificados/análise , Ácido Oleico/análise , Ácido Oleico/químicaRESUMO
Phenolic compounds are considered an important group of bioactive molecules that are present in abundant quantities in fruits such as berries and cherries; hence, the analysis and quantification of these compounds are of significant interest to the scientific community. The current study aimed to develop a novel analytical method using liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) for the rapid, comprehensive and simultaneous analysis of 66 phenolic compounds optimized for the selected five types of fruits commercially available in Canada. Bioactive compounds that could potentially be metabolite markers for each berry were identified. Various phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in all five selected fruits. Notably, blackberries were rich in anthocyanins such as cyanidin-3-glucoside (368.4 ± 6 µg/g), while blueberries were rich in peonidin-3-glucoside (1083 ± 9 µg/g). In addition, raspberries and cherries contained significant amounts of cyanidin-3-rutinoside, at 3156 ± 36 µg/g and 301.3 ± 2 µg/g, respectively, while cranberries contained the highest concentrations of petunidin at 829.7 ± 3 µg/g. The newly developed and validated UHPLC-HRMS method proved helpful in comprehensively analyzing phenolic compounds in blueberry, raspberry, cranberry, blackberry and cherry. Identifying and quantifying bioactives can lead to applications in neutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries by using phenolic-rich berry extracts in functional foods, supplements, or pharmaceutical products.
Assuntos
Mirtilos Azuis (Planta) , Rubus , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Antocianinas/análise , Rubus/química , Frutas/química , Mirtilos Azuis (Planta)/química , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Antioxidantes/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Fenóis/análiseRESUMO
Cranberries contain proanthocyanidins with different interflavan bond types and degrees of polymerization. These chemical differences may impact the metabolism of proanthocyanidins by the intestinal microbiome. In our previous study, we found that healthy microbiomes produced higher concentrations of the phenolic acid metabolites 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-g-valerolactone and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid from the cranberry extract in comparison to ulcerative colitis (UC) microbiomes ex vivo. To understand this difference, LC-ESI-MS/MS was utilized to characterize the metabolism of the precursor proanthocyanidins. Healthy microbiomes metabolized procyanidin A2, procyanidin B2, and procyanidin dimeric intermediates but not A-type trimers, to a greater extent than UC microbiomes. The metabolism of procyanidin A2 and procyanidin B2 by fecal microorganisms was then compared to identify their derived phenolic acid metabolites. 5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-g-valerolactone and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid were identified as unique metabolites of procyanidin B2. Based on these results, the metabolism of procyanidin B2 contributed to the differential metabolism observed between healthy and UC microbiomes.
Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Hidroxibenzoatos , Microbiota , Fenilacetatos , Proantocianidinas , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Proantocianidinas/química , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Disbiose , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Frutas/química , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
This study investigated the in vitro antioxidant and biological properties of ethanol extracts obtained from the fruits of the highbush cranberry. The produced extracts exhibited a high content of polyphenols (1041.9 mg 100 g d.m.-1) and a high antioxidant activity (2271.2 mg TE g 100 d.m.-1 using the DPPH method, 1781.5 mg TE g 100 d.m.-1 using the ABTS method), as well as a substantial amount of vitamin C (418.2 mg 100 g d.m.-1). These extracts also demonstrated significant in vitro biological activity. Studies conducted on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cellular model revealed the strong antioxidant effects of the extract, attributed to a significant reduction in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the cells, confirming the utility of the extracts in mitigating oxidative stress. Moreover, inhibitory properties were demonstrated against factors activating metabolic processes characteristic of inflammatory conditions. It was observed that the cranberry extract inhibits the activity of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) non-selectively. Additionally, the extract was found to be a highly active inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), potentially suggesting the applicability of this extract in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Antioxidantes/química , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Frutas/química , Acetilcolinesterase , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
This study was carried out to analyze the accumulation patterns of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavonols, chlorogenic acid, and triterpene compounds in fruit samples of Vaccinium oxycoccos L. berries growing in the Cepkeliai State Strict Nature Reserve in Lithuania. Studies were carried out on the phytochemical composition of cranberry fruit samples during the period of 2020-2022. Anthocyanins, flavonols, chlorogenic acid and triterpene compounds were identified and quantified using UPLC-DAD methods, and proanthocyanins were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The content of identified compounds varied, as reflected in the total amounts of anthocyanins (710.3 ± 40 µg/g to 6993.8 ± 119 µg/g), proanthocyanidins (378.4 ± 10 µg EE/g to 3557. 3 ± 75 µg EE/g), flavonols (479.6 ± 9 µg/g to 7291.2 ± 226 µg/g), chlorogenic acid (68.0 ± 1 µg/g to 3858.2 ± 119 µg/g), and triterpenoids (3780.8 ± 98 µg/g to 7226.9 ± 224 µg/g). Cranberry fruit samples harvested from open oligotrophic wetland habitats contained higher levels of anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, flavonol glycosides, and proanthocyanidins. The highest levels of triterpene compounds were found in the cranberry fruits harvested in the spring of the following year after the snowmelt. The use of principal component analysis showed that cranberry plant material harvested in October and November had higher levels of bioactive compounds.
Assuntos
Proantocianidinas , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Vaccinium , Vaccinium/química , Antocianinas/análise , Frutas/química , Proantocianidinas/análise , Ácido Clorogênico/análise , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Flavonóis/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta PressãoRESUMO
Shelf-stable cranberry juice precipitate has not been well characterized. Here, we describe using 1H-13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence-nuclear magnetic resonance (HSQC-NMR) spectroscopy for cranberry juice analysis, focusing on proanthocyanidins and the precipitate. HSQC-NMR cross-peaks from juices were categorized as aliphatic, olefinic, aromatic, carbohydrate backbone, or anomeric signals. An average cranberry juice precipitate had significantly more aromatic and significantly less carbohydrate backbone signals than an average supernatant. The precipitate was a collection of biomolecules held together by a mix of weak and strong intermolecular forces. Proanthocyanidin signals from precipitates of juices showed 22 ± 2 to 29.9 ± 0.7% A-type interflavan linkages and 34 ± 2 to 48 ± 3% of flavan-3-ol units with trans stereochemistry between the C2 and C3 positions. Based on this work, 1H-13C HSQC-NMR is useful to analyze cranberry juice and reveals the complex chemical nature of components in the soluble and insoluble phases.
Assuntos
Vaccinium macrocarpon , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Frutas/química , Carboidratos/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality due to cancer death. Treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still challenging. Cranberries contain many rich bioactive components that may help fight cancer. The action of cranberry against some cancer types has been reported, however, its role in lung cancer has only been investigated in large-cell lung cancer. In this study, we expanded current research on the role of cranberry in LUAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A549 LUAD cancer cells were treated with commercial cranberry extract (CE). Proliferation of A549 cells was measured with a clonogenic survival assay and quick proliferation assay. Caspase-3 activity was used to evaluate apoptosis of A549 cells. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was conducted to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms involved in the action of CE. RESULTS: Treatment of LUAD with CE reduced the percentage of A549 colonies. This was consistent with the decrease in the optic density of cancer cells after treatment with CE. Caspase-3 activity increased after treatment with CE. The anti-proliferative effect of CE on A549 cells correlated with reduced expression of pro-proliferation molecules cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and CDK4. The pro-apoptotic effect of CE on A549 cells correlated with the reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic molecule caspase 8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator (FLIP). CONCLUSION: CE had an inhibitory effect on the growth of LUAD cells by modulation of both pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic molecules. Our research hopes to guide future treatment options for LUAD.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Extratos Vegetais , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Frutas/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/tratamento farmacológico , Células A549 , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Proteína Reguladora de Apoptosis Semelhante a CASP8 e FADD/metabolismo , Quinase 2 Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Quinase 4 Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , ApoptoseRESUMO
Berries are important components of the human diet, valued for their high content of nutrients and active compounds. Berry seeds are also important objects of scientific investigation as, in some cases, they can have a higher concentration of certain phytochemicals than other parts of the fruit. Moreover, they are often byproducts of the food industry that can be reused to make oil, extracts, or flour. We have reviewed available literature related to the chemical content and biological activity of seeds from five different berry species-red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. and Rubus coreanus Miq.), strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa), grape (Vitis vinifera L.), sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), and cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.). We have searched various databases, including PubMed, Web of Knowledge, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Last search was conducted on 16.01.2023. Various preparations from berry seeds are valuable sources of bioactive phytochemicals and could be used as functional foods or to make pharmaceuticals or cosmetics. Some products, like oil, flour, or extracts, are already available on the market. However, many preparations and compounds still lack appropriate evidence for their effectiveness in vivo, so their activity should first be assessed in animal studies and clinical trials.
Assuntos
Fragaria , Hippophae , Rubus , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Animais , Humanos , Frutas/química , Sementes/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Dieta , Fragaria/química , Hippophae/química , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análiseRESUMO
Intake biomarkers of cranberry juice in women can assess consumption in clinical trials. Discriminant biomarkers in urine may explain urinary tract infection (UTI) preventive activities. We hypothesized that validated and annotated discriminant metabolites in human urine could be used as intake biomarkers in building predictive multivariate models to classify cranberry consumers. Urine samples were collected from 16 healthy women aged 18 to 29 years at baseline and after 3- and 21-day consumption of cranberry or placebo juice in a double-blind, crossover study. Urine metabolomes were analyzed using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Paired and unpaired multivariate analyses were used to annotate or identify discriminant metabolic features after cranberry consumption. Twenty-six discriminant metabolic features (paired analysis) and 27 (unpaired analysis) after cranberry consumption in an open-label intervention were rediscovered in the blinded study. These metabolites included exogenous (quinic acid) and endogenous ones (hippuric acid). The paired analysis showed better model fitting with partial least-square discriminant analysis models built on all metabolites than the unpaired analysis. Predictive models built on shared metabolites by the unpaired analysis were able to classify cranberry juice consumers with 84.4% to 100% correction rates, overall better than the paired analysis (50%-100%). The double-blind study validated discriminant metabolites from a previous open-label study. These urinary metabolites may be associated with the ability of cranberries to prevent UTIs and serve as potential cranberry intake biomarkers. It reveals the importance of selecting the right predictive models to classify cranberry consumers with higher than 95% correction rates.
Assuntos
Infecções Urinárias , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Humanos , Feminino , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Estudos Cross-Over , Infecções Urinárias/prevenção & controle , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Metaboloma , Extratos Vegetais , Biomarcadores/urinaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to perform an integrative review on the effects of cranberry and grape seed extracts concerning the disinfection of root canals maintaining the strength of the remnant tooth tissues' structure. A bibliographical search was carried out on the PubMed electronic platform using the following key terms: cranberry, grape seed, vaccinium macrocarpon, proanthocyanidin, antibacterial, antimicrobial, decontamination, disinfection, bacteria removal, bacteria eradication, bacteria elimination, endodontic, root canal, faecalis, and strength. The inclusion criteria involved articles published in the English language, until March, 2022, reporting the antibacterial effect of grape seed and cranberry extracts. Of 185 studies identified, 13 studies were selected for the present review. The grape seed extract (GSE), composed of proanthocyanidins, showed an antioxidant activity against the main bacteria found in endodontic secondary infection. The percentage of bacteria removal was recorded at around 96.97% by using GSE. Studies on cranberry extracts, which are composed of proanthocyanidins, revealed antimicrobial effects against bacteria related to periodontitis and dental caries. Additionally, GSE or cranberry allowed the dentin collagen cross-linking that preserved the 3D collagen network leading to the maintenance of the strength of the remnant tooth structure. However, the contaminated smear layer could not be removed by using only GSE or cranberry. Cranberry extracts and GSE revealed a significant antimicrobial activity in endodontic disinfection without changing the mechanical properties of the remnant dentin tissues. Furthermore, those components can be associated with traditional compounds to enhance their antimicrobial effects and eliminate the smear layer.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Cárie Dentária , Extrato de Sementes de Uva , Proantocianidinas , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Vitis , Proantocianidinas/farmacologia , Proantocianidinas/química , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Cavidade Pulpar , Desinfecção , Extrato de Sementes de Uva/farmacologia , Extrato de Sementes de Uva/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Colágeno , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , SementesRESUMO
Collagens in the human skin are susceptible to glycation due to their long half-life of about 15 years, accumulating advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The formation of AGEs and the subsequent AGE-induced collagen crosslinking are major factors for skin aging. The objective of this study was to determine the capacity of cranberry juice polyphenols (CJPs) and their fractions to inhibit collagen glycation and to break AGE-induced crosslinks in collagens. Concentrated cranberry juice was extracted to obtain the CJP, which was further fractionated into an ethyl acetate fraction, water fraction, 30% methanol (MeOH) fraction, 60% MeOH fraction, MeOH fraction, and acetone fraction. CJPs and their fractions contained different ratios of anthocyanins, procyanidins, and flavonols. All the fractions significantly inhibited collagen glycation assessed with the collagen-methylglyoxal (MGO) or collagen-dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) assays. The ethyl acetate fraction and 60% MeOH had the lowest IC50 values in the collagen-MGO and collagen-DHAA assays. The methanol fraction (IC50 = 0.52 µg/mL) and acetone fraction (IC50 = 0.019 mg/mL) had the lowest IC50 values in the inhibition and breakage of AGE-induced collagen crosslinking, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction significantly scavenged the highest amount of MGO and DHAA after incubation compared to the other fractions. Results suggested that procyanidins were the most effective antiglycation agent in both collagen glycation assays, followed by flavonols and anthocyanins. High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionizationâtandem mass spectrometry showed that the reactions of DHAA with quercetin or epicatechin formed several adducts with unreported proposed structures. This study suggested that CJPs may be used as active ingredients in cosmetics to prevent skin collagen glycation and crosslinking and to break the formed crosslinks.
Assuntos
Proantocianidinas , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Humanos , Proantocianidinas/farmacologia , Polifenóis , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/química , Antocianinas , Metanol , Acetona , Óxido de Magnésio , Aldeído Pirúvico/química , Colágeno/química , FlavonóisRESUMO
Berry phenolics are considered as phytochemicals, which might mitigate development of degenerative diseases, including cancer. Many studies demonstrated their antiproliferative effects in various cancer cell lines while the studies with real foods are rather scarce. We report antiproliferative properties of unique extracts, which were obtained from the defatted by supercritical CO2 cranberry (CrE) and black chokeberry (ChoE) pomace using pressurized ethanol, and global antioxidant response of meat products enriched with berry polyphenolics during in vitro digestion. ChoE was more effective against HCT116 and DLD1 cells than CrE, while the HCT116 cells were more sensitive to digested meat samples than DLD1. At 1000 µL ChoE reduced cell viability to 51% (HCT116) and â¼50% (DLD1), while in case of CrE >69% of HCT116 cells remained viable. The extracts added at 2% increased antioxidant capacity values of hamburgers and cooked ham at oral and gastric digestion phases; however, at intestinal phase no regular effects were observed. The highest antioxidant potential was determined in hamburgers/cooked ham with 2% of CrE (TPC: 1.45/2.01 mg GAE/mL; ABTSâ+: 9.82/15.66 mg TE/mL; ORAC: 13.58/12.08 mg TE/mL). The content of quantifiable anthocyanins remarkably decreased in the digesta at all phases and particularly at intestine phase: >99% with CrE and 97-99% with ChoE. Digested liquids of cooked ham prepared with extracts significantly stronger inhibited HCT116 cells at selected dilution factors. The results obtained provide preliminary information that cranberry and black chokeberry pomace extracts may provide health benefits when added in meat products.