Continuous chiral separation process for high-speed countercurrent chromatography established and scaled up: A case of Voriconazole enantioseparation.

An efficient method for the continuous separation of Voriconazole enantiomers was developed using sulfobutyl ether-ß-cyclodextrin (SBE-ß-CD) as a chiral selector in high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) with different types. The separation was performed using a two-phase solvent system consisting of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/100 mmol/L phosphate buffer solution (pH = 3.0, containing 50 mmol/L SBE-ß-CD) (1.5:0.5:2, v/v/v). A fast and predictable scale-up process was achieved using an analytical DE HSCCC instrument. The optimized parameters were subsequently applied to a preparative Tauto HSCCC instrument, resulting in consistent separation time and enantiomeric purity, with throughput boosted by a remarkable 11-fold. Preparative HSCCC successfully separated 506 mg of the racemate, delivering enantiomers exceeding 99% purity as confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. This investigation presents an effective methodology for forecasting the HSCCC scale-up process and attaining continuous separation of chiral drugs.

Differential Impacts of Azole Antifungal Drugs on the Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Dasatinib in Rats by LC-MS-MS.

BACKGROUND: Dasatinib, as an oral multi-targeted inhibitor of BCR-ABL and SRC family kinases, has been widely used for the treatment of Philadelphia Chromosome Positive Leukemias in imatinib-acquired resistance and intolerance. The study aimed to develop and validate a simple and robust assay with a small volume of plasma based on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to determine the concentration of dasatinib and to investigate the impact of the cytochrome 3A4 inhibitors, including ketoconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole and posaconazole, on the pharmacokinetics of dasatinib in rats. METHODS: Thirty rats were divided randomly into five groups, control group (0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium), ketoconazole (30 mg/kg) group, voriconazole group (30 mg/kg), itraconazole group (30 mg/kg) and posaconazole group (30 mg/kg). After 150 µL blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, and 48 h and precipitated with acetonitrile, the plasma concentration of dasatinib was determined through Fluoro- Phenyl column (150 mm×2.1 mm, 3 µm) in a positive ionization mode. RESULTS: The results suggested that ketoconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole could increase the AUC0-t of dasatinib to varying degrees while significantly reducing its clearance. However, there was no significant impact on the pharmacokinetics of dasatinib, co-administered with itraconazole except for the CL and MRT0-t of dasatinib. Additionally, voriconazole could significantly increase Cmax of dasatinib by approximately 4.12 fold. CONCLUSION: These data indicated that ketoconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole should be cautiously co-administered with dasatinib or close therapeutic drug monitoring of dasatinib concentration, which might cause the drug-drug interaction.

Preparation of magnetic metal organic framework and development of solid phase extraction method for simultaneous determination of fluconazole and voriconazole in rat plasma samples by HPLC.

Fluconazole and voriconazole are the two broad-spectrum triazole antifungals. The present work described the fabrication method for the synthesis of the amino-modified magnetic metal-organic framework. This material was applied as a pre-sample treatment sorbent for the selective extraction of fluconazole and voriconazole in rat plasma samples. The material was fabricated by the chemical bonding approach method and was characterized by different parameters. The factors which affect the extraction efficiency of the sorbent material were also optimized in this study. Due to the optimization of solid-phase extraction conditions, the nonspecific interaction was reduced and the extraction recoveries of target drugs were increased in plasma samples. The extraction method was combined with the HPLC-UV method for the analysis. Excellent linearity (0.1-25 µg/mL), detections (0.02, 0.03 µg/mL) and quantification limits (0.04, 0.05 µg/mL) were resulted for fluconazole and voriconazole respectively. The maximum recoveries from spiked plasma samples of fluconazole and voriconazole were 86.8% and 78.6% and relative standard deviation were 0.9-2.8% and 2.2-3.6% respectively. Moreover, this sorbent material was used multiple times which was an improvement over single-use commercial sorbent materials. This validated method has practical potential for the simultaneous determination of these drugs in therapeutic drug monitoring studies as well as for routine pharmacokinetic evaluations.

Development of a new stability indicating method for the simultaneous separation of voriconazole from its impurities along with sodium benzoate used as a preservative in a powder for oral suspension.

Voriconazole is a second-generation triazole derived from fluconazole, having an enhanced antifungal spectrum, compared with older triazoles. It is the drug of choice for treatment of invasive aspergillosis and many Scedosporium/Pseudallescheria Fusarium infections. Voriconazole is available in both intravenous and oral formulations. Since there is much interest in pharmaceutical quality control, separation of impurities from the main drug substances and accurate assay quantification, and since there is no reference or monograph until nowadays reported for the simultaneous separation of voriconazole from its specified and unspecified impurities along with sodium benzoate used as an antimicrobial preservative, our aim of this work is to develop a new simple, sensitive and stability indicating assay method allowing thus separation by high-performance liquid chromatography. The development of our method consisted in optimizing the following analytical parameters: nature and composition of the mobile phase, its pH, buffer concentration, nature of the stationary phase, column temperature and detection wavelength. After optimisation, separation was achieved on a stainless steel column NOVAPACK C18 (3.9mm×150mm; 4µm particle size) using a gradient mode with methanol, acetonitrile R and an aqueous solution acidified by acetic acid at 1% and adjusted to pH 2.77. The eluted compounds were monitored at 254nm. The flow rate was set at 1.0mL/min, the injection volume at 10µL, and the column oven temperature was maintained at 35°C. Under these conditions, separation was achieved with good resolution and symmetrical peaks' shape. The developed method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, and then it was successfully applied to establish inherent stability of the pharmaceutical formulation subjected to different ICH prescribed stress conditions. The developed method was proved to be simple, specific and precise. Hence, it can be considered as a method for stability study and for routine quality control analysis of voriconazole and sodium benzoate in a powder for oral suspension.