RESUMO
Sinus floor augmentation is one of the most common approaches to obtain sufficient bone availability for placing implants in cases with severe bone atrophy in the posterior maxilla. Several bone substitutes are indicated for sinus augmentation, but they may achieve different clinical outcomes. This study aims to compare bovine bone mineral (BBM) with freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) in a two-stage lateral window sinus grafting approach. Twenty patients received a lateral window sinus elevation with either FDBA or BBM. Postoperative graft height was measured with CBCT. Implants were placed 6 months later, at which time biopsy samples were taken for histologic analysis and new CBCT scans were performed to measure graft height. The mean height reduction at 6 months was 20.27% ± 4.94% for FDBA samples and 5.36% ± 2.41% for BBM samples. The histologic analysis revealed a mean ratio of newly formed bone of 43.70% ± 5.29% for the FDBA group and 38.11% ± 4.03% for the BBM group. The FDBA group also showed a higher amount of residual biomaterial (17.25% ± 10.10%) and connective tissue (14.63% ± 4.38%) compared to the BBM group (15.53% ± 5.42% and 13.11% ± 4.42%, respectively). The differences between groups were statistically significant for the height reduction and newly formed bone (P ≤ .05) but not for the amounts of residual biomaterial and nonmineralized connective tissue (P ≥ .05). Six months after performing a lateral window sinus elevation, the percentage of newly formed bone was significantly higher when using FDBA than when using BBM, although the graft height reduction was also significantly higher for the FDBA group.
Assuntos
Aloenxertos , Transplante Ósseo , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Levantamento do Assoalho do Seio Maxilar , Humanos , Levantamento do Assoalho do Seio Maxilar/métodos , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico/métodos , Xenoenxertos/transplante , Adulto , Substitutos Ósseos/uso terapêutico , Maxila/cirurgia , Maxila/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the survival rates of dental implants with a hybrid macrostructure and the surface biomimetically coated with nanohydroxyapatite, placed in horizontally atrophic maxillae previously submitted to the guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure, associated with the use of a deproteinized bovine bone graft (DBB). METHODS: Twenty-five patients who received 196 implants were involved in this study. First, these patients were submitted to GBR procedures and maxillary sinus lift, where DBB was used as the grafting material. The dental implants were placed after a minimum period of 6 months of the grafting procedures. The patients were followed up every six months and clinical/radiographic examinations were performed to assess the implants, using the following indicators as a reference: (1) Absence of mobility; (2) Absence of pain. Data about the age, surgery time, smoking status, implant size, and time between the grafting procedure and implant placement were correlated with implant failures. RESULTS: Twelve implants failed, generating a survival rate of 94.23%. None of the variables analysed correlated with the implant failures. CONCLUSION: Implants with a hybrid macrostructure and surface biomimetically coated with nanohydroxyapatite present good survival rates in horizontally atrophic maxillae grafted with DBB.
Assuntos
Implantes Dentários , Maxila , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Maxila/cirurgia , Idoso , Animais , Falha de Restauração Dentária , Adulto , Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Durapatita , Bovinos , Levantamento do Assoalho do Seio Maxilar/métodos , Substitutos Ósseos , Perda do Osso Alveolar/cirurgia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/diagnóstico por imagem , Xenoenxertos/transplante , Implantação Dentária Endóssea/métodos , Análise de SobrevidaAssuntos
Xenoenxertos , Transplante de Órgãos , Suínos , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos , Transplante Heterólogo , Animais , Humanos , Transplante de Órgãos/ética , Transplante de Órgãos/métodos , Transplante de Órgãos/tendências , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/ética , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/métodos , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/tendências , Xenoenxertos/transplante , Transplante Heterólogo/ética , Transplante Heterólogo/métodos , Transplante Heterólogo/tendênciasAssuntos
Rejeição de Enxerto , Xenoenxertos , Transplante Heterólogo , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Rejeição de Enxerto/etiologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Xenoenxertos/transplante , Humanos , Suínos , Transplante Heterólogo/efeitos adversos , Transplante Heterólogo/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Xenografts from genetically modified pigs have become one of the most promising solutions to the dearth of human organs available for transplantation. The challenge in this model has been hyperacute rejection. To avoid this, pigs have been bred with a knockout of the alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene and with subcapsular autologous thymic tissue. METHODS: We transplanted kidneys from these genetically modified pigs into two brain-dead human recipients whose circulatory and respiratory activity was maintained on ventilators for the duration of the study. We performed serial biopsies and monitored the urine output and kinetic estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to assess renal function and xenograft rejection. RESULTS: The xenograft in both recipients began to make urine within moments after reperfusion. Over the 54-hour study, the kinetic eGFR increased from 23 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area before transplantation to 62 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 after transplantation in Recipient 1 and from 55 to 109 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 in Recipient 2. In both recipients, the creatinine level, which had been at a steady state, decreased after implantation of the xenograft, from 1.97 to 0.82 mg per deciliter in Recipient 1 and from 1.10 to 0.57 mg per deciliter in Recipient 2. The transplanted kidneys remained pink and well-perfused, continuing to make urine throughout the study. Biopsies that were performed at 6, 24, 48, and 54 hours revealed no signs of hyperacute or antibody-mediated rejection. Hourly urine output with the xenograft was more than double the output with the native kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: Genetically modified kidney xenografts from pigs remained viable and functioning in brain-dead human recipients for 54 hours, without signs of hyperacute rejection. (Funded by Lung Biotechnology.).
Assuntos
Rejeição de Enxerto , Transplante de Rim , Transplante Heterólogo , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados/cirurgia , Morte Encefálica , Rejeição de Enxerto/etiologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/patologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Xenoenxertos/transplante , Humanos , Rim/patologia , Rim/fisiologia , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Rim/métodos , Suínos/cirurgia , Transplante Heterólogo/efeitos adversos , Transplante Heterólogo/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Orthotopic LNCaP xenograft mouse models closely mimic the progression of androgen-dependent prostate cancer in humans; however, orthotopic injection of LNCaP cells into the mouse prostate remains a challenge. METHODS: Under the guidance of a stereoscopic microscope, the anatomy of the individual prostate lobes in male Balb/c athymic nude mice was investigated, and LNCaP cells were inoculated into the mouse dorsal prostate (DP) to generate orthotopic tumors that mimicked the pathophysiological process of prostate cancer in humans. Real-time ultrasound imaging was used to monitor orthotopic prostate tumorigenesis, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) was used to characterize tumor angiogenesis, and macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of tumors were described. RESULTS: The DP had a trigonal bipyramid-shape and were located at the base of the seminal vesicles. After orthotopic inoculation, gray scale ultrasound imaging showed progressive changes in tumor echotexture, shape and location, and tumors tended to protrude into the bladder. After 8 weeks, the tumor take rate was 65% (n = 13/20 mice). On CEUS, signal intensity increased rapidly, peaked, and decreased gradually. Observations of gross specimens showed orthotopic prostate tumors were well circumscribed, round, dark brown, and soft, with a smooth outer surface and a glossy appearance. Microscopically, tumor cells were arranged in acini encircled by fibrous septa with variably thickened walls, mimicking human adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes a successful approach to establishing an orthotopic LNCaP xenograft Balb/c athymic nude mouse model. The model requires a thorough understanding of mouse prostate anatomy and proper technique. The model represents a valuable tool for the in vivo study of the biological processes involved in angiogenesis in prostate cancer and preclinical evaluations of novel anti-angiogenic therapies.
Assuntos
Xenoenxertos/transplante , Microscopia Intravital , Transplante de Neoplasias , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/transplante , Animais , Carcinogênese , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Neovascularização Patológica , Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Próstata/patologia , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Orbital floor fractures subsequently lead to consequences such as diplopia and enophthalmos. The graft materials used in orbital floor fractures varied from autografts to alloplastic grafts, which possess certain limitations. In the present study, a novel porcine bone matrix decellularized by supercritical CO2 (scCO2), ABCcolla® Collagen Bone Graft, was used for the reconstruction of the orbital framework. The study was approved by the institutional review board (IRB) of Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital (KMUH). Ten cases underwent orbital floor reconstruction in KMUH in 2019. The orbital defects were fixed by the implantation of the ABCcolla® Collagen Bone Graft. Nine out of ten cases used 1 piece of customized ABCcolla® Collagen Bone Graft in each defect. The other case used 2 pieces of customized ABCcolla® Collagen Bone Graft in one defect area due to the curved outline of the defect. In the outpatient clinic, all 10 cases showed improvement of enophthalmos on CT (computerized tomography) at week 8 follow-up. No replacement of implants was needed during follow-ups. To conclude, ABCcolla® Collagen Bone Graft proved to be safe and effective in the reconstruction of the orbital floor with high accessibility, high stability, good biocompatibility, low infection rate and low complication rate.
Assuntos
Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Matriz Extracelular Descelularizada/uso terapêutico , Fraturas Orbitárias/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Dióxido de Carbono/uso terapêutico , Enoftalmia/complicações , Enoftalmia/cirurgia , Feminino , Xenoenxertos/transplante , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Órbita/patologia , Órbita/cirurgia , Fraturas Orbitárias/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/transplante , Suínos , Taiwan , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To report complication rates following prolapse surgery using polypropylene mesh inlay, polypropylene mesh kit, biological collagen xenografts and native tissue repairs. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of the PROSPECT randomised controlled trial and cohort study. SETTING: Thirty-five UK hospitals. POPULATION: A total of 2632 women undergoing anterior and/or posterior vaginal prolapse repair. METHODS: Event rates were calculated for all complications. Analysis was by treatment received. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: IUGA/ICS classification of complications and validated patient reported outcome measures. RESULTS: At baseline, 8.4% of women had 'generic' pain/discomfort; at 2 years following surgery, there was an improvement in all four groups; however, 3.0% of women developed de novo extreme generic pain. At 24 months de novo vaginal tightness occurred in 1.6% of native tissue, 1.2% of biological xenograft, 0.3% of mesh inlay and 3.6% of mesh kit. Severe dyspareunia occurred in 4.8% of native tissue, 4.2% of biological xenograft, 3.4% of mesh inlay repairs and 13.0% of mesh kits. De novo severe dyspareunia occurred in 3.5% of native tissue, 3.5% of biological xenograft, 1.4% of mesh inlays and 4.8% of mesh kits. Complications requiring re-admission to hospital, unrelated to mesh, affected 1 in 24 women; the most common reasons for re-admission were vaginal adhesions, urinary retention, infection and constipation. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to address the complications of vaginal mesh used for prolapse surgery alongside data from both native tissue and biological xenograft. It demonstrates the complexity of assessing pain and that all types of prolapse surgery have low surgical morbidity and a low rate of severe complications. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: A prospective study of 2362 women undergoing vaginal mesh, xenograft or native tissue repair found low surgical morbidity and low rates of severe complications.
Assuntos
Colágeno , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos em Ginecologia/métodos , Xenoenxertos , Prolapso de Órgão Pélvico/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Polipropilenos , Prolapso Uterino/cirurgia , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Colágeno/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Xenoenxertos/transplante , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Satisfação do Paciente , Polipropilenos/uso terapêutico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Prospectivos , Telas Cirúrgicas , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The lack of appropriate preclinical models of ovarian yolk sac tumor (OYST) is currently hindering the pursuit of new methods of treatment and investigation of the pathogenesis of the disease. We developed and characterized an OYST patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model in this study. METHODS: Tumor fragments from a patient with an OYST were implanted subcutaneously into BALB/c Nude mice. Engrafted xenografts were compared with the original tumor according to histology, immunohistochemistry, humanized identified, and drug efficacy testing with in vivo treatment programs. RESULTS: There was a high degree of histologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) resemblance between the established PDX model and its corresponding human tumors. Bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (JEB) chemotherapy regimens were effective in clinical patients and were effective in the OYST PDX model; therefore, the effect of PDX intervention was consistent with clinical outcomes of OYSTs. CONCLUSION: We have successfully established an OYST PDX model. This OYST model preserves the basic molecular features of the primary human tumor, thereby providing a valuable method to preclinically evaluate new treatments and explore disease pathogenesis.
Assuntos
Tumor do Seio Endodérmico/patologia , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Transplante Heterólogo/métodos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto/métodos , Animais , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Bleomicina/uso terapêutico , Cisplatino/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Tumor do Seio Endodérmico/tratamento farmacológico , Tumor do Seio Endodérmico/genética , Etoposídeo/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Xenoenxertos/transplante , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genéticaRESUMO
Collagenated porcine-derived bone graft materials exhibit osteoconductive properties and the development of different formulations intends to enhance bone regeneration. This study aims to evaluate bone healing in a rabbit cancellous bone defect in response to grafting with different physicochemical forms of heterologous porcine bone. Twenty-six adult male New Zealand White rabbits received two critical size femoral bone defects per animal (n = 52), each randomly assigned to one of the five tested materials (Apatos, Gen-Os, mp3, Putty, and Gel 40). Animals were sacrificed at 15- and 30-days post-surgery. Qualitative and quantitative (new bone, particle and connective tissue percentages) histological analyses were performed. Histomorphometry showed statistically significant differences in all evaluated parameters between mp3 and both Putty and Gel 40 groups, regardless of the timepoint (p < 0.05). Moreover, statistical differences were observed between Apatos and both Putty (p = 0.014) and Gel 40 (p = 0.007) groups, at 30 days, in regard to particle percentage. Within each group, regarding new bone formation, mp3 showed significant differences (p = 0.028) between 15 (40.93 ± 3.49%) and 30 (52.49 ± 11.04%) days. Additionally, intragroup analysis concerning the percentage of particles revealed a significant reduction in particle occupied area from 15 to 30 days in mp3 and Gen-Os groups (p = 0.009). All mp3, Gen-Os and Apatos exhibited promising results in terms of new bone formation, thus presenting suitable alternatives to be used in bone regeneration.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Substitutos Ósseos/química , Transplante Ósseo , Osso Esponjoso/cirurgia , Xenoenxertos/transplante , Osteogênese , Tíbia/cirurgia , Animais , Osso Esponjoso/citologia , Masculino , Coelhos , SuínosRESUMO
Prostate cancer (PCa) patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are commonly propagated by serial transplantation of "pieces" of tumour in mice, but the cellular composition of pieces is not standardised. Herein, we optimised a microwell platform, the Microwell-mesh, to aggregate precise numbers of cells into arrays of microtissues, and then implanted the Microwell-mesh into NOD-scid IL2γ-/- (NSG) mice to study microtissue growth. First, mesh pore size was optimised using microtissues assembled from bone marrow-derived stromal cells, with mesh opening dimensions of 100×100 µm achieving superior microtissue vascularisation relative to mesh with 36×36 µm mesh openings. The optimised Microwell-mesh was used to assemble and implant PCa cell microtissue arrays (hereafter microtissues formed from cancer cells are referred to as microtumours) into mice. PCa cells were enriched from three different PDX lines, LuCaP35, LuCaP141, and BM18. 3D microtumours showed greater in vitro viability than 2D cultures, but neither proliferated. Microtumours were successfully established in mice 81% (57 of 70), 67% (4 of 6), 76% (19 of 25) for LuCaP35, LuCaP141, and BM18 PCa cells, respectively. Microtumour growth was tracked using live animal imaging for size or bioluminescence signal. If augmented with further imaging advances and cell bar coding, this microtumour model could enable greater resolution of PCa PDX drug response, and lead to the more efficient use of animals. The concept of microtissue assembly in the Microwell-mesh, and implantation in vivo may also have utility in implantation of islets, hair follicles or other organ-specific cells that self-assemble into 3D structures, providing an important bridge between in vitro assembly of mini-organs and in vivo implantation.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Cultura de Células/normas , Xenoenxertos/transplante , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Engenharia Tecidual , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Masculino , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologiaRESUMO
Recent trials of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) transplantation for the treatment of disorders such as age-related macular degeneration have been promising. However, limitations of existing strategies include the uncertain survival of RPE cells delivered by cell suspension and the inherent risk of uncontrolled cell proliferation in the vitreous cavity. Human RPE stem cell-derived RPE (hRPESC-RPE) transplantation can rescue vision in a rat model of retinal dystrophy and survive in the rabbit retina for at least 1 month. The present study placed hRPESC-RPE monolayers under the macula of a non-human primate model for 3 months. The transplant was able to recover in vivo and maintained healthy photoreceptors. Importantly, there was no evidence that subretinally transplanted monolayers underwent an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Neither gliosis in adjacent retina nor epiretinal membranes were observed. These findings suggest that hRPESC-RPE monolayers are safe and may be a useful source for RPE cell replacement therapy.
Assuntos
Xenoenxertos/transplante , Degeneração Macular/terapia , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/transplante , Transplante de Células-Tronco/métodos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Feminino , Xenoenxertos/patologia , Humanos , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Macaca fascicularis , Masculino , Células Fotorreceptoras/fisiologia , Primatas , Retina/patologia , Retina/transplante , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Vascular prosthetic graft infections are rare but associated with high morbidity and mortality. Treatment involves removal of the infected graft requiring arteriotomy closure. Previously this was performed with autologous graft, but bovine tissue has increasingly been used. The objective of this paper is to review the community hospital experience with bovine tissue repair in an infected vascular field. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of all cases performed by a single surgeon in a community hospital for infected prosthetic grafts was completed. Sixteen cases were included where bovine tissue was used for repair. Presentation, location of graft, and causative organism were reviewed, and outcomes including reoperation and mortality were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 16 patients, 15 (94%) had positive cultures of the graft. Methicillin-Resistant Staph Aureus was the most commonly isolated organism (50%). There were 3 unplanned reoperations including a revision from below to above knee amputation, drainage of a hematoma, and a wound debridement within the first year. Over the 1 year follow up period, 3 patients died for a mortality of 19%. There were no reinfections during follow-up. DISCUSSION: Prosthetic graft infection is a rare but serious vascular surgery complication. The causative organism has shifted in the last few years to become increasingly drug resistant. Treatment requires excision, and bovine tissue has been demonstrated to provide a safe and durable method of repair.
Assuntos
Implante de Prótese Vascular/métodos , Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Pericárdio/transplante , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/cirurgia , Reoperação/métodos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/cirurgia , Transplante Heterólogo/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Implante de Prótese Vascular/instrumentação , Bovinos , Remoção de Dispositivo , Feminino , Seguimentos , Xenoenxertos/transplante , Hospitais Comunitários , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reoperação/instrumentação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/etiologia , Transplante Heterólogo/instrumentação , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Autologous cartilage grafts have a low risk of infection and extrusion in cleft rhinoplasty. However, harvesting autologous cartilage involves donor-site morbidity and increased time under anesthesia. Irradiated homologous costal cartilage grafts may be an effective alternative. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on patients with a history of cleft lip who underwent rhinoplasty for cleft nasal deformity at Johns Hopkins Hospital from 2009 to 2018. Patients were excluded if their rhinoplasty did not involve a cartilage graft. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-five cleft rhinoplasties (patient age, 2 to 72 years; 52 percent female) were performed. Median follow-up time was 256 days; 30 percent were revision operations. Ninety-six procedures (58 percent) used irradiated homologous costal cartilage grafts, with the remaining using autologous cartilage. Complications resulted from 18 procedures (11 percent), seven (10 percent) involving autologous cartilage and 11 (12 percent) involving irradiated homologous costal cartilage. Most autologous cartilage complications (86 percent) required operative intervention, versus seven of 11 (64 percent) for irradiated homologous costal cartilage. Complications associated with irradiated homologous costal cartilage included infection (n = 5), warping (n = 2), and extrusion (n = 1), while two patients with autologous cartilage experienced collapse and one each experienced resorption, warping, and hypertrophic donor-site scarring. There was no difference between groups regarding complication rate or complications requiring operative intervention (p = 0.3 and p = 0.5, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Irradiated homologous costal cartilage grafts are equally safe and effective as autologous cartilage for use in cleft rhinoplasty. These grafts are readily available and eliminate donor-site morbidity. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.
Assuntos
Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Cartilagem Costal/transplante , Rinoplastia/efeitos adversos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Autoenxertos/microbiologia , Autoenxertos/transplante , Cadáver , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cartilagem Costal/efeitos da radiação , Feminino , Seguimentos , Xenoenxertos/microbiologia , Xenoenxertos/transplante , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Reoperação/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rinoplastia/métodos , Rinoplastia/estatística & dados numéricos , Esterilização/métodos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/microbiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos/métodos , Transplante Autólogo/efeitos adversos , Transplante Autólogo/estatística & dados numéricos , Transplante Homólogo/efeitos adversos , Transplante Homólogo/métodos , Transplante Homólogo/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Arginase I (ARG1) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea. The association of ARG1 with cancer has mostly been focused on the ARG1 released by tumor-associated myeloid cells in tumor microenvironment. However, the role of ARG1 expressed in cancer cells is unclear. Here, we showed that the expression of ARG1 in human breast cancer (BC) is related to a good prognosis in BC patients. Overexpression of ARG1 suppresses BC cell proliferation and migration in vitro and xenograft tumor growth and development in mouse models. Furthermore, ARG1 expression down-regulates the expression of p-AKT, leading to the de-activation of AKT signal pathway in BC cells. Thus, our results established that in contrast to the role of ARG1 released from tumor-associated myeloid cells in tumor microenvironment that promotes tumor immune escape, ARG1 expressed in BC cells suppresses AKT signaling pathway and functions as a tumor suppressor.
Assuntos
Arginase/biossíntese , Arginase/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Animais , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação para Baixo , Feminino , Genes Supressores de Tumor , Xenoenxertos/patologia , Xenoenxertos/transplante , Humanos , Camundongos Nus , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/genéticaRESUMO
Periodontally affected teeth with periapical lesion indicated for periapical surgery have a poor prognosis. Using Er:YAG lasers to perform simultaneous surgery on both defects may increase their survival rate. Preparing a retrograde cavity on affected teeth and obturating it is still a matter of debate among clinicians. The purpose of this case report was to describe the simultaneous use of Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet Er:YAG (2,940 nm) laser in the treatment of periapical granuloma and infraossal defect and the achieved results. The Er:YAG laser was used to perform flap dissection, granulation tissue removal, osteotomy and root-end resection except for initial flap incision and reflection. The cystic cavity was filled with Bio-Oss Collagen® xenograft. Results were followed up for 18 months with the help of radiographic orthopantomographic images. The outcome of this clinical case indicates that the use of Er:YAG laser could be considered a suitable method to perform simultaneous periodontal and endodontic surgery.
Assuntos
Transplante Ósseo , Endodontia , Lasers de Estado Sólido , Periodonto/cirurgia , Dente/cirurgia , Adulto , Transplante Ósseo/instrumentação , Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Endodontia/instrumentação , Endodontia/métodos , Xenoenxertos/transplante , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Cell transplantation into immunodeficient recipients is a widely used approach to study stem cell and cancer biology; however, studying cell states post transplantation in vivo is inconvenient in mammals. Here, we generated a foxn1/Casper mutant zebrafish that is transparent and exhibits T cell deficiency. By employing the line for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation (HSCT), we could achieve nonconditioned transplantation. Meanwhile, we found that fetal HSCs from 3 days post fertilization zebrafish embryos produce a better transplant outcome in foxn1/Casper mutants, compared with adult HSCs. In addition to HSCT, the foxn1/Casper mutant is feasible for allografts of myelodysplastic syndrome-like and muscle cells, as well as xenografts of medaka muscle cells. In summary, foxn1/Casper mutants permit the nonconditioned engraftment of multiple cell types and visualized characterization of transplanted cells in vivo.
Assuntos
Aloenxertos/transplante , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/genética , Xenoenxertos/transplante , Mutação/genética , Neoplasias/patologia , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/genética , Peixe-Zebra/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Células-Tronco Fetais/citologia , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/citologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Peixe-Zebra/embriologia , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Xenogeneic organ transplantation has been proposed as a potential approach to fundamentally solve organ shortage problem. Xenogeneic immune responses across species is one of the major obstacles for clinic application of xeno-organ transplantation. The generation of glycoprotein galactosyltransferase α 1, 3 (GGTA1) knockout pigs has greatly contributed to the reduction of hyperacute xenograft rejection. However, severe xenograft rejection can still be induced by xenoimmune responses to the porcine major histocompatibility complex antigens swine leukocyte antigen class I and class II. METHODS: We simultaneously depleted GGTA1, ß2-microglobulin (ß2M), and major histocompatibility complex class II transactivator (CIITA) genes using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins technology in Bamma pig fibroblast cells, which were further used to generate GGTA1ß2MCIITA triple knockout (GBC-3KO) pigs by nuclear transfer. RESULTS: The genotype of GBC-3KO pigs was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing, and the loss of expression of α-1,3-galactose, SLA-I, and SLA-II was demonstrated by flow cytometric analysis using fluorescent-conjugated lectin from bandeiraea simplicifolia, anti-ß2-microglobulin, and swine leukocyte antigen class II DR antibodies. Furthermore, mixed lymphocyte reaction assay revealed that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from GBC-3KO pigs were significantly less effective than (WT) pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells in inducing human CD3CD4 and CD3CD8 T-cell activation and proliferation. In addition, GBC-3KO pig skin grafts showed a significantly prolonged survival in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice, when compared with wild-type pig skin grafts. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results demonstrate that elimination of GGTA1, ß2M, and CIITA genes in pigs can effectively alleviate xenogeneic immune responses and prolong pig organ survival in xenogenesis. We believe that this work will facilitate future research in xenotransplantation.
Assuntos
Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Xenoenxertos/imunologia , Transplante de Órgãos/métodos , Transplante Heterólogo/métodos , Aloenxertos/provisão & distribuição , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados/imunologia , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Galactosiltransferases/genética , Galactosiltransferases/imunologia , Técnicas de Inativação de Genes/métodos , Genes MHC da Classe II/genética , Genes MHC da Classe II/imunologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/imunologia , Sobrevivência de Enxerto/genética , Sobrevivência de Enxerto/imunologia , Xenoenxertos/transplante , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Transplante de Órgãos/efeitos adversos , Suínos/genética , Suínos/imunologia , Transplante Heterólogo/efeitos adversos , Microglobulina beta-2/genética , Microglobulina beta-2/imunologiaRESUMO
Reconstruction of chronic ulcers is often hampered by lack of local tissues and poor general conditions. Conservative approaches with debridement and advanced medications, such as polyurethane foam, stand as mainstays. However, the healing process is often slow, thus increasing the risk for infection or other complications. In such cases, porcine dermis (PD) and polynucleotides-added hyaluronic acid (PAHA) were previously reported to accelerate healing. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of PD, PAHA and polyurethane foam in chronic ulcers. Thirty patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: group 1 was treated with advanced medications, group 2 with PD, group 3 with PAHA. Standardised photographs and biopsies were taken before treatment and at 30-day follow-up. Photographs were processed to calculate the wound area. Specimens were stained with Haematoxylin/Eosin, Masson trichrome, and immunohistochemically for CD34, alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA), Collagen types I and III, Ki67. The re-epithelialized area was larger in patients treated with PD and PAHA compared with those treated with polyurethane foam (P < .05 and P < .01, respectively). Specimens from patients treated with PD and PAHA showed a higher number of myofibroblasts (α-SMA+, P < .01), neo-angiogenesis (CD34+, P < .01), proliferating dermal cells (Ki67+, P < .01), proliferating keratinocytes (Ki67+, P < .01) and collagen type 1 deposition (P < .05). No difference was found between PD and PAHA. PD and PAHA proved to be more effective than polyurethane foam in the treatment of chronic ulcers. These approaches are a versatile and reliable option to address such cases.
Assuntos
Derme Acelular , Ácido Hialurônico , Úlcera Cutânea/terapia , Animais , Xenoenxertos/transplante , Humanos , Ácido Hialurônico/uso terapêutico , Polinucleotídeos/farmacologia , Poliuretanos , Método Simples-Cego , SuínosRESUMO
AIMS: The aim of the present study was to assess the association between dental implant stability and peripheral blood cell composition and levels of coagulation factors in patients treated with alveolar ridge preservation with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and bovine bone substitute. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients were included between 2015 and 2017. PRF was prepared from autologous blood, in which blood cells and coagulation factor levels were measured. PRF and bovine bone were placed in the socket, followed by closure with PRF membrane. Implants were placed 14 (±2.5) weeks postextraction. The implant stability quotient was measured at t = 0, t = 10 days, t = 7 weeks, and t = 17 weeks by resonance frequency analysis. RESULTS: Erythrocyte count was inversely associated with PRF membrane length, but not with implant stability. Conversely, platelet count did not correlate with membrane size but inversely correlated with implant stability at 7 and 17 weeks. In addition, implant stability was directly correlated with levels FXIII (t = 0, p < .01), active von Willebrand factor (VWF; t = 0 and 7 weeks, p < .05), and total VWF (t = 7 weeks, p = .012). CONCLUSION: Implant stability following alveolar ridge preservation with PRF and bovine bone substitute is associated with circulating blood cells and coagulation factors. In particular, fibrin structure, VWF, and FXIII may be important modulators of implant stability.