Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y los estados de ánimo en estudiantes de instituciones educativas de Antioquia, Colombia / Quality of life related to the health and mood states of students in educational institutions from Antioquia, Colombia / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e ao humor em estudantes de instituições de ensino em Antioquia, Colômbia

Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y los estados de ánimo son indicadores cruciales del bienestar en adolescentes, pero su relación con estudiantes de Antioquia, Colombia, no ha sido ampliamente estudiada. Objetivo: Determinar la CVRS y los estados de ánimo en escolares de Antioquia-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal con 1957 escolares de 9 a 20 años. Se aplicaron mediciones de CVRS, ansiedad, depresión, hostilidad y alegría, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario, apoyo social de padres y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: La calidad de vida alta (CVA) es más elevada en hombres, personas con alegría, estudiantes con apoyo de padres, activos físicamente y personas de nivel socioeconómico alto y medio. AL aumentar un año de edad, disminuye en un 15 % la CVA, y al aumentar la depresión, la ansiedad y el comportamiento sedentario disminuye la CVA. Además, los niveles de depresión y ansiedad son mayores en mujeres, estudiantes mayores, sin apoyo de los padres y personas sedentarias. Conclusiones: La CVRS se asocia con estados de ánimo, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y apoyo de los padres; mientras que los estados de ánimo se asocian con el sexo, el apoyo de los padres, la CVS y el sedentarismo.

Introduction: Even though health-related quality of life (HRQL) and mood states are key indicators of the well-being of adolescents, their relationship has not been analyzed in students from Antioquia, Colombia. Objective: To determine HRQL and mood states in schoolchildren from Antioquia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,957 schoolchildren and adolescents aged between 9 and 20 years. Measurements of HRQL, anxiety, depression, hostility and happiness, physical activity, sedentary behavior, parental social support, and socioeconomic status were applied. Results: A high quality of life (HQL) was observed more frequently in male participants, students with parental support, physically active, and those belonging to medium and high socioeconomic status. HQL decreased 15% as their age increased by one year. Also, HQL was reduced when depression, anxiety, and sedentary behavior increased. Furthermore, depression and anxiety levels were higher in women, older students, as well as in those without parental control and with sedentary behavior. Conclusions: HRQL is associated with mood states, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and parental support. In contrast, mood states are related to gender, parental support, HQL, and sedentary lifestyle.

Introdução: A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (CVRS) e os estados de humor são indicadores cruciais de bem-estar em adolescentes, mas sua relação com estudantes de Antioquia, Colômbia, não foi amplamente estudada. Objetivo: Determinar a CVRS e os estados de humor em escolares de Antioquia-Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal com 1.957 escolares de 9 a 20 anos. Foram aplicadas medidas de QVRS, ansiedade, depressão, hostilidade e felicidade, atividade física, comportamento sedentário, apoio social dos pais e nível socioeconômico. Resultados: A alta qualidade de vida (CVA) é maior em homens, pessoas com alegria, estudantes com apoio parental, fisicamente ativos e pessoas de nível socioeconômico alto e médio. À medida que a idade aumenta em um ano, diminui em 15% o CVA, e ao aumentar a depressão, a ansiedade e o comportamento sedentário aumentam, o CVA diminui. Além disso, os níveis de depressão e ansiedade são mais elevados nas mulheres, nos estudantes mais velhos, sem apoio dos pais e nas pessoas sedentárias. Conclusões: A QVRS está associada a estados de humor, atividade física, comportamento sedentário e apoio parental; enquanto os estados de humor estão associados ao sexo, apoio parental, CVS e estilo de vida sedentário.

Exposure of individuals aged 18-44 years to personal care products in Beijing, China: Exposure profiles, possible influencing factors, and risk assessment.

Personal care products (PCPs) are a class of emerging pollutants that have attracted public concern owing to their harmful effects on humans and the environment. Biomonitoring data is valuable for insight the levels of PCPs in the human body and can be crucial for identifying potential health hazards. To gain a better understanding of timely exposure profiles and health risk of reproductive-age population to PCPs, we determined six parabens, six benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters, and three disinfectants in 256 urine samples collected from young adults aged 18-44 years in Beijing, China. The urinary levels of benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-OHBP) were significantly higher in summer compared to winter, suggesting these compounds have different seasonal usage patterns. Moreover, the total concentration of 15 PCPs in female was 430 ng/mL, approximately two times higher than that in male. P­chloro-m-xylenol (PCMX), as a new type of antibacterial agent, has the greatest level among all target analytes, indicating the increasingly use of this antibacterial alternative recently. Five potential influencing factors that lead to the elevated exposure level of PCPs were identified. Over 19% of the target population had a high hazard index value (greater than 1) which was attributed to exposure to propyl paraben (PrP), benzophenone-1 (BP-1), BP-3 and PCMX, indicating that PCPs may pose a relatively high exposure risk at environmental levels that should be a cause for concern.

Development of an equation to predict delta bilirubin levels using machine learning.

OBJECTIVE: Delta bilirubin (albumin-covalently bound bilirubin) may provide important clinical utility in identifying impaired hepatic excretion of conjugated bilirubin, but it cannot be measured in real-time for diagnostic purposes in clinical laboratories. METHODS: A total of 210 samples were collected, and their delta bilirubin levels were measured four times using high-performance liquid chromatography. Data collected included age, sex, diagnosis code, delta bilirubin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, hemoglobin, serum hemolysis value, hemolysis index, icterus value (Iv), icterus index (Ii), lipemia value (Lv), and lipemia index. To conduct feature selection and identify the optimal combination of variables, linear regression machine learning was performed 1,000 times. RESULTS: The selected variables were total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, hemoglobin, Iv, Ii, and Lv. The best predictive performance for high delta bilirubin concentrations was achieved with the combination of albumin-direct bilirubin-hemoglobin-Iv-Lv. The final equation composed of these variables was as follows: delta bilirubin = 0.35 × Iv + 0.05 × Lv - 0.23 × direct bilirubin - 0.05 × hemoglobin - 0.04 × albumin + 0.10. CONCLUSION: The equation established in this study is practical and can be easily applied in real-time in clinical laboratories.

Pediatric reference values of NT-proBNP and Galectin-3 based on a French cohort.

BACKGROUND: In pediatric cardiology, the fact that some new biomarkers have assay-specific normal values has to be considered for correct clinical decisions. The current study aimed to provide age-adjusted normative values for NT-proBNP and Galectin-3 using the Abbott immunoassay system from a prospective French pediatric cohort sera collection and to validate our data for NT-proBNP on a second retrospective cohort. METHODS: We analyzed 283 consecutive samples for NT-proBNP and 140 samples for Galectin-3 collected from apparently healthy children (0-18 years) with outpatient treatment at our institution (Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France) during 24 months. RESULTS: For NT-proBNP and Galectin-3, we establish four age partitions, respectively two (<2 years / >2 years) and establish upper reference values and their 90 % CI for each biomarker (Galectin-3 (ng/mL): 56 [44-70] / 26 [23-29]). We evaluated the diagnostic performance of our upper reference values of NT-proBNP on a retrospective cohort (n = 428) with positive predictive value of 0.92. CONCLUSIONS: Using Abbott immunoassay system, we report age-specific reference values for NT-proBNP and for the first time for Galectin-3 in a healthy French pediatric cohort. These data call for larger cohort studies to define more robustly percentiles and diagnostic performance for NT-proBNP.

Upregulation of miR­6747­3p affects red blood cell lineage development and induces fetal hemoglobin expression by targeting BCL11A in ß­thalassemia.

In ß­thalassemia, excessive α­globin chain impedes the normal development of red blood cells resulting in anemia. Numerous miRNAs, including miR­6747­3p, are aberrantly expressed in ß­thalassemia major (ß­TM), but there are no reports on the mechanism of miR­6747­3p in regulating red blood cell lineage development and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression. In the present study, RT­qPCR was utilized to confirm miR­6747­3p expression in patients with ß­TM and the healthy controls. Electrotransfection was employed to introduce the miR­6747­3p mimic and inhibitor in both HUDEP­2 and K562 cells, and red blood cell lineage development was evaluated by CCK­8 assay, flow cytometry, Wright­Giemsa staining and Benzidine blue staining. B­cell lymphoma/leukemia 11A (BCL11A) was selected as a candidate target gene of miR­6747­3p for further validation through FISH assay, dual luciferase assay and Western blotting. The results indicated that miR­6747­3p expression was notably higher in patients with ß­TM compared with healthy controls and was positively related to HbF levels. Functionally, miR­6747­3p overexpression resulted in the hindrance of cell proliferation, promotion of cell apoptosis, facilitation of cellular erythroid differentiation and γ­globin expression in HUDEP­2 and K562 cells. Mechanistically, miR­6747­3p could specifically bind to the 546­552 loci of BCL11A 3'­UTR and induce γ­globin expression. These data indicate that upregulation of miR­6747­3p affects red blood cell lineage development and induces HbF expression by targeting BCL11A in ß­thalassemia, highlighting miR­6747­3p as a potential molecular target for ß­thalassemia therapy.

Stress, Anxiety and Coping in Adults With Down Syndrome: An Exploratory Co-Research Study.

BACKGROUND: At least half of children and adults with Down syndrome have a major mental health concern during their life but few studies ask people with Down syndrome directly about their experience. We used a co-research model to explore anxiety, stress, and coping in adults with Down syndrome. METHODS: Our group of researchers and adults with Down syndrome conducted an online survey on mental health for adults with Down syndrome. We analysed quantitative data and thematically grouped coping mechanisms. RESULTS: Sixty adults with Down syndrome completed the survey, mean age was 30 years, and 55% of respondents had some employment. Approximately 80% of respondents reported experiencing stress and 75% reported experiencing anxiety. Employed respondents were more likely to use social coping mechanisms. CONCLUSION: Soliciting responses from adults with Down syndrome about their mental health can provide valuable insights. Mental health is a concern for people with Down syndrome that should be addressed.

Mecánica y energética durante la marcha en cinta caminadora en adultos uruguayos saludables: efecto del IMC y la edad / Mechanics and energy during treadmill walking in healthy uruguayan adults: effect of BMI and age / Mecânica e energia durante a caminhada em esteira em adultos uruguaios saudáveis: efeito do IMC e Idade

La evaluación de la marcha en cinta caminadora puede resultar relevante para la toma de decisiones clínicas. No obstante, factores demográficos como la edad y el IMC pueden alterar la interpretación de los resultados. Nuestro objetivo fue obtener variables espacio- temporales, energéticas y costo de transporte durante la velocidad autoseleccionada en cinta caminadora para una muestra representativa de adultos uruguayos (n=28) y evaluar si diferentes rangos de edades e IMC pueden ser factores a tener en cuenta en pruebas clínicas donde se consideren dichas variables. Participaron 17 hombres y 11 mujeres (39,3 ± 14,8 años, 75,9 ± 12,5 kg, 1,74 ± 0,09 m, IMC 25,2 ± 4,06). Se realizó una reconstrucción 3D del movimiento en forma sincronizada con el consumo energético. Se obtuvieron valores de referencia y luego de agrupar los participantes según su IMC y rango de edad se compararon los datos mediante test de t (p≤0.05). Los resultados revelaron discrepancias significativas en las medidas espacio-temporales y energéticas de los adultos uruguayos al caminar en cinta con respecto a la literatura. La marcha difiere entre adultos jóvenes y de mediana edad en su velocidad autoseleccionada (p=0,03), longitud de zancada (p=0,01), trabajo mecánico externo (<0,001) y recuperación de energía mecánica (0,009), destacando la importancia de considerar la edad en evaluaciones clínicas. El IMC no influyó significativamente en estas variables. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de ajustar las interpretaciones de las pruebas clínicas de la marcha sobre cinta caminadora en adultos uruguayos de mediana edad (45 a 65 años).

Treadmill gait assessment can be relevant for clinical decision-making. However, demographic factors such as age and BMI may alter result interpretation. Our aim was to obtain spatiotemporal, energetic, and cost of transport variables during self-selected treadmill walking speed for a representative sample of Uruguayan adults (n=28) and to assess if different age ranges and BMI could be factors to consider in clinical tests involving these variables. Seventeen men and eleven women participated (39.3 ± 14.8 years, 75.9 ± 12.5 kg, 1.74 ± 0.09 m, BMI 25.2 ± 4.06). A synchronized 3D motion reconstruction was performed with energy consumption. Reference values were obtained and data were compared using t-tests (p≤0.05), after grouping participants by BMI and age range. Results revealed significant discrepancies in spatiotemporal and energetic measures of Uruguayan adults walking on the treadmill, compared to the literature. Gait differed between young and middle-aged adults in their self-selected speed (p=0.03), stride length (p=0.01), external mechanical work (p<0.001), and mechanical energy recovery (0.009), emphasizing the importance of considering age in clinical evaluations. BMI did not significantly influence these variables. These findings underscore the need to adjust interpretations of treadmill gait clinical tests in middle-aged Uruguayan adults (45 to 65 years).

A avaliação da marcha na esteira pode ser relevante para a tomada de decisões clínicas. No entanto, fatores demográficos como idade e IMC podem alterar a interpretação dos resultados. Nosso objetivo foi obter variáveis espaço-temporais, energéticas e custo de transporte durante a velocidade de caminhada autoselecionada na esteira para uma amostra representativa de adultos uruguaios (n = 28) e avaliar se diferentes faixas etárias e IMC podem ser fatores a serem considerados em testes clínicos que envolvam essas variáveis. Dezessete homens e onze mulheres participaram (39,3 ± 14,8 anos, 75,9 ± 12,5 kg, 1,74 ± 0,09 m, IMC 25,2 ± 4,06). Foi realizada uma reconstrução tridimensional do movimento sincronizada com o consumo de energia. Foram obtidos valores de referência e os dados foram comparados usando testes t (p≤0,05), após agrupar os participantes por IMC e faixa etária. Os resultados revelaram discrepâncias significativas nas medidas espaço-temporais e energéticas dos adultos uruguaios ao caminhar na esteira, em comparação com a literatura. A marcha diferiu entre adultos jovens e de meia-idade em sua velocidade autoselecionada (p=0,03), comprimento da passada (p=0,01), trabalho mecânico externo (<0,001) e recuperação de energia mecânica (0,009), destacando a importância de considerar a idade em avaliações clínicas. O IMC não influenciou significativamente essas variáveis. Esses achados destacam a necessidade de ajustar as interpretações dos testes clínicos de marcha na esteira em adultos uruguaios de meia- idade (45 a 65 anos).

Genotype-phenotype correlation and founder effect analysis in southeast Chinese patients with sialidosis type I.

BACKGROUND: Sialidosis type 1 (ST-1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation in the NEU1 gene. However, limited reports on ST-1 patients in the Chinese mainland are available. METHODS: This study reported the genetic and clinical characteristics of 10 ST-1 patients from southeastern China. A haplotype analysis was performed using 21 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers of 500 kb flanking the recurrent c.544 A > G in 8 families harboring the mutation. Furthermore, this study summarized and compared previously reported ST-1 patients from Taiwan and mainland China. RESULTS: Five mutations within NEU1 were found, including two novel ones c.557 A > G and c.799 C > T. The c.544 A > G mutation was most frequent and identified in 9 patients, 6 patients were homozygous for c.544 A > G. Haplotype analysis revealed a shared haplotype surrounding c.544 A > G was identified, suggesting a founder effect presenting in southeast Chinese population. Through detailed assessment, 52 ST-1 patients from 45 families from Taiwan and mainland China were included. Homozygous c.544 A > G was the most common genotype and found in 42.2% of the families, followed by the c.544 A > G/c.239 C > T compound genotype, which was observed in 22.2% of the families. ST-1 patients with the homozygous c.544 A > G mutation developed the disease at a later age and had a lower incidence of cherry-red spots significantly. CONCLUSION: The results contribute to gaps in the clinical and genetic features of ST-1 patients in southeastern mainland China and provide a deeper understanding of this disease to reduce misdiagnosis.

The epidemiology and outcomes of hospitalized drowning in Thai children: a national data analysis 2015-2019.

BACKGROUND: Drowning remains a common cause of death among children. However, the epidemiology and impact of drowning in Thailand was underexplored. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of pediatric drowning in Thailand and to determine the factors associated with the need for intubation and mortality. METHODS: Data derived from the Thai healthcare delivery system for the period between 2015 and 2019 were used to examine the monthly admissions, mortality rates, length of hospital stay, and the number of patients who received endotracheal intubation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the risk factors associated with the need for intubation and mortality. RESULTS: Of the 4,911, 58.8% were under six years old, 63.5% were male, and 31.2% were from the Northeastern region. The majority drowned during April, which is the summer season in Thailand. Among these patients, 28.8% required intubation, with the highest proportion found in the 6-<12 years age group (35.9%). The independent risk factors for intubation were metabolic acidosis (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] 9.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.14-13.29; p < 0.001) and pulmonary edema (aOR 5.82; 95%CI 3.92-8.65; p < 0.001). The overall mortality rate due to drowning was 12.6%. Factors significantly associated with mortality included in-hospital cardiac arrest (aOR 4.43; 95%CI 2.78-7.06; p < 0.001), and the presence of drowning-related complications, particularly renal failure (aOR 7.13; 95%CI 3.93-12.94; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Drowning admissions and mortality were highest among male children under six years old, occurring mainly during the summer season. Significant factors associated with intubation requirement included metabolic acidosis and pulmonary edema. The mortality was significantly associated with in-hospital cardiac arrest and drowning-related complications, particularly renal failure. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This is an observational study, does not include any intervention, and has therefore not been registered.

Frequency of CD40-1C>T polymorphism (rs1883832) and association with response to treatment in children with primary immune thrombocytopenia.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether (cluster of differentiation) CD40-1C>T (rs1883832) contributes to predisposition and treatment response of primary immune thrombocytopenia (pITP) in children. METHODS: A case-control study that included 100 children with newly diagnosed pITP and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. CD40 rs1883832 was genotyped using TaqMan allele discrimination real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Patients were categorized into responders and non-responders according to their response to corticosteroids and thrombopoietin-receptor agonists (TPO-RA) at 3-month intervals. RESULTS: The genotypic distribution of the CD40 rs1883832 was significantly different among cases and controls (CC 48% vs. 30%; CT 44% vs. 42%; TT 8% vs. 28%; p = .003). Compared with controls, children with newly diagnosed pITP had significantly higher C allele frequency (70% vs. 51%; odds ratio [OR] 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-3.8; p = .001). The association between C allele frequency and pITP risk was evident in females (OR 4.3, 95% CI: 2.1-8.8; p < .001), but not in males (OR 0.9, 95% CI: 0.4-2.1; p = .822). Compared with responders, the C allele frequency was significantly higher among non-responders to corticosteroids (87% vs. 66%; OR 3.4, 95% CI: 1.2-11.7; p = .012), but not to TPO-RA (92% vs. 85%; OR 2, 95% CI: 0.2-107; p = .550). CONCLUSION: CD40 rs1883832 polymorphism may contribute to predisposition and response to upfront corticosteroids therapy of pediatric pITP. These findings improve our understanding of the compound pathophysiology of ITP, suggest important clinical potentials, and open the door for further research on the mechanistic role of CD40 rs1883832 in ITP development and progression.

Intersectionality matters for hispanic health: A replication study using the All of Us Research Program.

BACKGROUND: Despite research dedicated to understanding the health profiles and health-related outcomes of Hispanic individuals, the prevailing body of literature frequently homogenizes the Hispanic population, failing to address the role of race in Hispanic health discourse. Thus, the current study applies an intersectional lens to identify health differences and similarities among Hispanic subgroups. METHODS: Sociodemographic characteristics and health domain variables (i.e., health status, health services, and health behaviors) from participants (N = 11,192) were included in the analyses. Bivariate Chi-squared tests examined the relationship between sociodemographic and health domain variables Black Hispanic individuals, white Hispanic individuals, and non-Hispanic Black individuals. RESULTS: Findings suggest that Non-Hispanic Black American individuals reported the highest rates of hypertension (49.09%) and diabetes (19.62%) compared to Black-Hispanic individuals (22.45% and 12.98%) and white Hispanic individuals (22.22% and 8.02%). Black Hispanic individuals reported the greatest proportion of asthma diagnoses (35.10%) and those who saw a doctor in the previous year (95.52%) compared to white Hispanic individuals (26.84%, and 91.10%, respectively) and non-Hispanic Black individuals ( 21.74%, and 94.69%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Specifically, we found that several health behaviors and health-related outcomes significantly varied across different racial/ethnic groups, demonstrating the advantage of an intersectional approach to identify health disparities among racially diverse ethnic groups. PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE: We encourage the development of health care services with an awareness of the complexities resulting from racial differences within the Hispanic diaspora.

Prevalence and accurate diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents across world regions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the global prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among adolescents across world regions, comparing the 2003 Rotterdam consensus criteria with the current International Evidence-based PCOS Guideline criteria which omits polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM). DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis, Prospero CRD42022372029. METHODS: OVID MEDLINE, All EBM, PsycInfo, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched from 1990 to November 2023 for studies assessing the prevalence of PCOS in unselected adolescent populations. RESULTS: Overall, 15 708 articles were identified. After removal of duplicates, 11 868 titles and abstracts and 445 full texts were assessed. Of these, 24 articles reporting on 23 studies from five world regions were included. In meta-analysis of 20 studies (n = 14 010 adolescents), global prevalence was 9.8% (95% CI 7.2, 12.3) according to original Rotterdam criteria, and 6.3% (95% CI 3.9, 8.8) according to International Evidence-based Guideline criteria. Global PCOS prevalence based on self-report was 9.8% (95% CI 5.5, 14.1). Grouped by WHO region, prevalence ranged from 2.9% (95% CI 2.0, 3.9) in the Western Pacific region to 11.4% (95% CI 7.1, 15.7) in the South-East Asia region according to guideline criteria. CONCLUSION: This paramount global meta-analysis on adolescent PCOS diagnosis directly informed the 2023 International PCOS Guideline. Guideline criteria generated a global PCOS prevalence of 6.3%, compared with 9.8% on Rotterdam criteria (including PCOM). Excluding PCOM, which overlaps with normal pubertal transition, is expected to deter over-diagnosis. To avoid under-diagnosis, the Guideline recommends identifying those with either irregular cycles or hyperandrogenism as being "at risk"; this group should undergo longitudinal serial evaluations until adulthood.

Promoting mental health in higher education: towards a model of well-being factors in emerging adulthood.

PURPOSE: This study aims to contribute to the development of a theoretical model that is useful for enhancing well-being/positive mental health with pedagogical resources that enable the acquisition of skills and knowledge, particularly during Emerging Adulthood. METHODS: This paper enquires into the role of well-being promotion in higher education following the dual-factor model of mental health difficulties and wellbeing. The study narratively reviews the main well-being models and presents a compared theoretical synthesis examining the dimensions that promote or facilitate the presence of well-being using a promotion approach. RESULTS: The study identifies 14 dimensions involved in wellbeing-emotional, psychological and social factors-that can be potentially improved through learning processes. Drawing on empirical and theoretical studies on emerging adult population, a factorial model is proposed. Preliminary factor interactions are examined paying close attention to the cognitive processes that explain or affect their relationship with well-being, the possible correlations between them and particularities of emerging adults. CONCLUSION: Wellbeing factors can be particularly targeted by educational promotion, as they can be developed through learning processes. An integrative model that provides a broad perspective can assist in pedagogical design and defining educational goals for these learning processes involved in wellbeing promotion.

Evaluation of primary markers of inflammation and the systemic inflammation index in specific learning disabilities.

Aim: Specific learning disorder (SLD) is a term that refers to reading, writing and arithmetic difficulties. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic inflammation index (SII) are affordable and accessible inflammatory biomarkers. This research aims to evaluate the relationship between NLR, PLR, SII and SLD to determine whether inflammation contributes to pathogenesis.Methods: This study included 90 SLD-diagnosed patients and 90 age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched healthy controls. Blood cell counts and NLR, PLR and SII values were obtained from medical records and compared between the two groups.Results: The NLR, PLR and SII were significantly higher (p = 0.029, p = 0.033 and p = 0.018 respectively) and lymphocyte counts were significantly lower (p = 0.041) in the SLD group. WISC-R total scores decreased with age in the SLD group (-1.988 coefficient, Beta = -0.247 ß, p = 0.041). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the SII was the only parameter independently associated with the diagnosis of SLD (Beta = 0.003, p = 0.023).Conclusion: Inflammation might play a role in SLD etiopathogenesis. NLR, PLR and SII may be potential biomarkers for SLD in children. Further research may lead to early diagnosis and additional anti-inflammatory pharmacological therapies for SLDs.

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Junior to senior transition of male elite junior tennis players: A retrospective study.

This study explores the intricate dynamics of the Junior-to-Senior (JTS) transition phase in elite tennis. Focusing on challenges faced by young talents, the research aims to unveil factors influencing successful transitions and the role of elite junior tournaments. In a retrospective analysis, male tennis players (n = 240) from national teams in the ITF World Junior Tennis Finals tournament (2012-2016) were analyzed using Chi-square tests, Cramer's V, Bayesian statistics, and Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR). Results revealed that 62.1% of elite junior participants were found in the Association of Tennis Professionals database, emphasizing the significance of team nominations and tournament results as important variables to monitor. Inferential and Bayesian statistics confirmed robustness, with MLR highlighting tournament results' importance. The findings highlight the complexities of the JTS transition and underscore the pivotal roles of participation, national team nominations, and tournament results. The study recommends the implementation of comprehensive player development programs, urging strategic team selections by national federations and academies. Coaches, stakeholders, and organizations should prioritize monitoring these variables for early talent identification and support. These measures collectively aim to optimize success trajectories, navigating the critical JTS phase in junior tennis players' sporting careers.

Effects of religion, politics and distance to providers on HPV vaccine attitudes and intentions of parents in rural Utah.

PURPOSE: Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes an estimated 300,000 high grade cervical dysplasias and 36,000 preventable cancers each year in the United States alone. Despite having a safe, effective and long lasting vaccine since 2006, the rate of uptake has been suboptimal, particularly in rural areas. In 2020, Utah ranked near last in teenage HPV vaccination rates with rural areas trailing urban areas by about 18 percent. In this study, we identified factors that affect the intent of rural Utah parents to vaccinate their children against HPV. METHODS: A survey was distributed electronically to Utah residents in rural areas. Recruitment was carried out through targeted advertising, community organizations, and professional survey panels. The survey was open from Nov. 15, 2022 to April 15, 2023. A total of 410 respondents were used for analysis. Survey results were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. FINDINGS: Distance to care was shown to negatively influence direct intent to vaccinate, while trust in government, general vaccine attitudes, and HPV knowledge positively influence intent to vaccinate. It was found that religious practice decreased vaccine hesitancy while cautious sexual attitudes, distance to care, and general negative vaccine attitudes increased vaccine hesitancy. Conservative political identity and high income were both shown to decrease vaccine hesitancy as covariates.

Validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire to determine dietary intakes among Lebanese athletes.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nutrition is a basic need for athletes; thus, adequate dietary intake is crucial for maintaining overall health, facilitating training adaptations and boosting athletic performance. Accurate dietary assessment tools are required to minimize the challenges faced by athletes. This study verifies the validity and reproducibility of a 157 item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among Lebanese athletes. This is the only Arabic questionnaire in Lebanon that estimates food consumption for athletes which can also be used in Arabic speaking countries. There has been no previous validated food frequency questionnaire that estimated food consumption for athletes in Lebanon. METHODS: A total of 194 athletes were included in the study to assess the validity of the food frequency questionnaire against four days dietary recalls by comparing the total nutrient intake values from the food frequency questionnaire with the mean values of four 24-hour dietary recalls using Spearman correlation coefficient and Bland Altman plots. In order to measure the reproducibility, the intra class correlation coefficients were calculated by repeating the same food frequency questionnaire after one month. RESULTS: The intra-class correlation coefficient between the two-food frequency questionnaires ranged from average (0.739 for carbohydrates) to good (0.870 for energy (Kcal)), to excellent (0.919 for proteins) concerning macronutrients and ranged from average (0.688 for vitamin D), to excellent (0.952 for vitamin B12), indicating an acceptable reproducibility. Spearman's correlation coefficients of dietary intake estimate from the food frequency questionnaire and the four dietary recalls varied between 0.304 for sodium, 0.469 for magnesium to 0.953 for caloric intake (kcal). Bland-Altman plots illustrated a percentage of agreement ranging between 94.3% for fats to 96.4% for proteins. CONCLUSION: This food frequency questionnaire has a reliable validity and reproducibility to evaluate dietary assessments and is an appropriate tool for future interventions to ensure the adoption of adequate eating strategies by athletes.

Youths' sensitivity to social media feedback: A computational account.

While it is often argued that continuous exposure to social feedback is specifically challenging for the hypersensitive developing brain, empirical evidence is lacking. Across three studies, we reveal the developmental differences and computational mechanisms that underlie the social media engagement and feedback processing of adolescents and adults. First, using a reinforcement learning model on a large Instagram trace dataset (N = 16,613, 1.6+ million posts), we show that adolescents are more sensitive to social feedback than adults. Second, in an experimental study (N = 194), we show that adolescents' mood is affected more strongly by a reduction in likes than adults. Last, in a neuroimaging study (N = 96), we show that social media feedback sensitivity is related to individual differences in subcortical-limbic brain volumes of emerging adults. Together, these findings highlight the need for digital competence programs to help youth manage the constant feedback they encounter on social media platforms.

Choroid Plexus Volume in Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recent studies suggest that the choroid plexus (CP) may function as a site of access of inflammatory cells into the CNS in multiple sclerosis (MS). Pediatric-onset MS (POMS) is characterized by a high inflammatory burden, as evidenced by a high relapse rate and volume of T2 lesions, making patients with POMS an informative population to evaluate choroid plexus volume (CPV). The objectives of the study were (1) to evaluate CPV at symptom onset in participants with POMS compared with healthy controls (HCs); (2) to evaluate changes in CPV in the first year of disease in participants with POMS; and (3) to evaluate associations between CPV, brain volumes, relapse activity, and disability in participants with POMS. METHODS: Baseline 1.5T MRI scans were acquired from 23 participants with POMS and 23 age-matched and sex-matched HCs; 18 participants with POMS also had 12-month follow-up MRI scans. The CP of the lateral ventricles was segmented manually. CP and brain structure volumes were normalized for total intracranial volume. The number of relapses, T2 and gadolinium-enhancing T1 lesion counts, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores at 12 months were also analyzed. Baseline CPVs were compared between groups using the Wilcoxon exact test, and CPV change from baseline to 12 months in participants with POMS was compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The relationship between CPV and brain volumetric measures, T2 lesion volumes, lesion count, number of relapses, and EDSS scores was assessed through Spearman correlation. RESULTS: The median normalized CPV was 1.51 × 10-3 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.32-1.76) in POMS baseline scans and 1.21 × 10-3 (IQR: 1.1-1.47) in HC scans (p = 0.001). CPV did not significantly change at 12 months in the 18 participants with POMS with follow-up scans (p = 0.352). CPV in participants with POMS and HCs correlated with lateral ventricular volume (p = 0.012 for both groups) but did not correlate with brain and T2 lesion volumes or lesion count at baseline, nor with relapse activity or EDSS scores at 12 months in participants with POMS. DISCUSSION: CPV measured at baseline is greater in participants with POMS than in HCs. Baseline CPV did not predict higher disease activity or worse neurologic outcomes over 1 year. While higher CPV may be an early feature of inflammation in MS, its strong correlation with ventricular volumes could also reflect enlargement secondary to the mechanical attachment of CP to the ventricular wall.

Factors associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru: a cross-sectional study. / Factores asociados con síntomas obsesivo-compulsivos en estudiantes de medicina durante la pandemia por la COVID-19 en Perú: un estudio transversal.

BACKGROUND: Motivation for the study. The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the development of mental disorders among medical students, including obsessive-compulsive symptoms. However, evidence on this problem in this population is still limited. BACKGROUND: Main findings. One in 10 medical students presented clinically significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms. BACKGROUND: Implications. The health crisis has had a negative impact on the mental health of medical students. Therefore, it is crucial to implement future interventions to promote the preservation of their psychological well-being. OBJECTIVES.: To determine the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms among medical students in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: Cross-sectional study in 270 medical students from a Peruvian public university. Participants were recruited through non-probability sampling. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Scale (Y-BOCS). After the descriptive analysis, Poisson regression with robust variance was used to determine the factors associated with probable obsessive compulsive disorder (probable OCD). The crude (PRc) and adjusted (PRa) prevalence ratios were calculated, along with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS.: The prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms was 13.3% in medical students. During bivariate analysis, students with probable OCD were younger (p=0.044) and had a lower level of knowledge about COVID-19 (p=0.045). The crude model showed a lower prevalence of probable OCD among those with an adequate level of knowledge compared to those with an inadequate level (PR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.98). However, after adjusting for other variables, none of the described variables were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS.: One in ten medical students presented clinically significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Implementing future interventions is crucial to preserve the mental well-being of this vulnerable population.