Circular RNA IARS modulates the progression and ferroptosis of osteosarcoma via sponging miR-188-5p from RAB14.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. Circular RNA (circRNA)-IARS acts as an oncogene in multiple human tumors. However, the circ-IARS function in OS is unclear. This research aimed to elucidate the roles and mechanisms of circ-IARS in OS. In this study, circ-IARS expressions were raised in OS tissues and cells. circ-IARS expressions were closely related to clinical stage and distant metastasis. Furthermore, overall survival rates were reduced in OS patients with high circ-IARS levels. Also, silencing circ-IARS weakened OS cell proliferation and invasion, yet enhanced cell ferroptosis. Mechanistically, circ-IARS targeted miR-188-5p to regulate RAB14 expressions in OS cells. Moreover, circ-IARS knockdown repressed OS cell proliferation, invasion, and induced ferroptosis, yet these impacts were abolished by co-transfection with anti-miR-188-5p or pcDNA-RAB14. Meanwhile, interference with circ-IARS reduced OS cell proliferation, and decreased RAB14 (a member of the RAS oncogene family), GPX4, and xCT (crucial ferroptosis regulators) expressions in vivo. In conclusion, circ-IARS facilitated OS progression via miR-188-5p/RAB14.

Exploration of the miR-187-3p/CNR2 pathway in modulating osteoblast differentiation and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis through mechanical stress.

This study aimed to explore how mechanical stress affects osteogenic differentiation via the miR-187-3p/CNR2 pathway. To conduct this study, 24 female C57BL/6 mice, aged 8 weeks, were used and divided into four groups. The Sham and OVX groups did not undergo treadmill exercise, while the Sham + EX and OVX + EX groups received a 8-week treadmill exercise. Post-training, bone marrow and fresh femur samples were collected for further analysis. Molecular biology analysis, histomorphology analysis, and micro-CT analysis were conducted on these samples. Moreover, primary osteoblasts were cultured under osteogenic conditions and divided into GM group and CTS group. The cells in the CTS group underwent a sinusoidal stretching regimen for either 3 or 7 days. The expression of early osteoblast markers (Runx2, OPN, and ALP) was measured to assess differentiation. The study findings revealed that mechanical stress has a regulatory impact on osteoblast differentiation. The expression of miR-187-3p was observed to decrease, facilitating osteogenic differentiation, while the expression of CNR2 increased significantly. These observations suggest that mechanical stress, miR-187-3p, and CNR2 play crucial roles in regulating osteogenic differentiation. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments have confirmed that mechanical stress downregulates miR-187-3p and upregulates CNR2, which leads to the restoration of distal femoral bone mass and enhancement of osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, mechanical stress promotes osteoblasts, resulting in improved osteoporosis through the miR-187-3p/CNR2 signaling pathway. These findings have broad prospect and provide molecular biology guidance for the basic research and clinical application of exercise in the prevention and treatment of PMOP.

Evaluation of a blood miRNA/mRNA signature to follow-up Lu-PRRT therapy for G1/G2 intestinal neuroendocrine tumors.

Background: 177Lu-oxodotreotide peptide receptor therapy (LuPRRT) is an efficient treatment for midgut neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of variable radiological response. Several clinical, biological, and imaging parameters may be used to establish a relative disease prognosis but none is able to predict early efficacy or toxicities. We investigated expression levels for mRNA and miRNA involved in radiosensitivity and tumor progression searching for correlations related to patient outcome during LuPRRT therapy. Methods: Thirty-five patients received LuPRRT for G1/G2 midgut NETs between May 2019 and September 2021. Peripheral blood samples were collected prior to irradiation, before and 48 h after the second and the fourth LuPRRT, and at 6-month follow-up. Multiple regression analyses and Pearson correlations were performed to identify the miRNA/mRNA signature that will best predict response to LuPRRT. Results: Focusing on four mRNAs and three miRNAs, we identified a miRNA/mRNA signature enabling the early identification of responders to LuPRRT with significant reduced miRNA/mRNA expression after the first LuPRRT administration for patients with progressive disease at 1 year (p < 0.001). The relevance of this signature was reinforced by studying its evolution up to 6 months post-LuPRRT. Moreover, nadir absolute lymphocyte count within the first 2 months after the first LuPRRT administration was significantly related to low miRNA/mRNA expression level (p < 0.05) for patients with progressive disease. Conclusion: We present a pilot study exploring a miRNA/mRNA signature that correlates with early hematologic toxicity and therapeutic response 12 months following LuPRRT. This signature will be tested prospectively in a larger series of patients.

[Correlations Between the Expression of MicroRNA-155 and Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 in Colonic Mucosal Tissue and Disease Severity in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis].

Objective To explore the relationship between the expression levels of microRNA-155 (miR-155) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) in the colonic mucosal tissue of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and the severity of the disease.Methods A total of 130 UC patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from September 2021 to June 2023 were selected.According to the modified Mayo score system,the patients were assigned into an active stage group (n=85) and a remission stage group (n=45).According to the modified Truelove and Witts classification criteria,the UC patients at the active stage were assigned into a mild group (n=35),a moderate group (n=30),and a severe group (n=20).A total of 90 healthy individuals who underwent colonoscopy for physical examination or those who had normal colonoscopy results after single polypectomy and excluded other diseases were selected as the control group.The colonic mucosal tissues of UC patients with obvious lesions and the colonic mucosal tissue 20 cm away from the anus of the control group were collected.The levels of miR-155 and SOCS1 mRNA in tissues were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the expression of SOCS1 protein in tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry.The correlations of the levels of miR-155 and SOCS1 mRNA in the colonic mucosal tissue with the modified Mayo score of UC patients were analyzed.The values of the levels of miR-155 and SOCS1 mRNA in predicting the occurrence of severe illness in the UC patients at the active stage were evaluated.Results Compared with the control group and the remission stage group,the active stage group showed up-regulated expression level of miR-155,down-regulated level of SOCS1 mRNA,and decreased positive rate of SOCS1 protein in the colonic mucosal tissue (all P<0.001).The expression level of miR-155 and modified Mayo score in colonic mucosal tissues of UC patients at the active stage increased,while the mRNA level of SOCS1 was down-regulated as the disease evolved from being mild to severe (all P<0.001).The modified Mayo score was positively correlated with the miR-155 level and negative correlated with the mRNA level of SOCS1 in colonic mucosal tissues of UC patients (all P<0.001).The high miR-155 level (OR=2.762,95%CI=1.284-5.944,P=0.009),low mRNA level of SOCS1 (OR=2.617,95%CI=1.302-5.258,P=0.007),and modified Mayo score≥12 points (OR=3.232,95%CI=1.450-7.204,P=0.004) were all risk factors for severe disease in the UC patients at the active stage.The area under curve of miR-155 combined with SOCS1 mRNA in predicting severe illness in the UC patients at the active stage was 0.920.Conclusions The expression levels of miR-155 and SOCS1 mRNA were correlated with the disease severity in the UC patients at the active stage.The combination of the two indicators demonstrates good performance in predicting the occurrence of severe illness in UC patients at the active stage.

CCR7 and CD48 as Predicted Targets in Acute Rejection Related to M1 Macrophage after Pediatric Kidney Transplantation.

Background: Kidney transplantation (KT) is the best treatment for end-stage renal disease. Although long and short-term survival rates for the graft have improved significantly with the development of immunosuppressants, acute rejection (AR) remains a major risk factor attacking the graft and patients. The innate immune response plays an important role in rejection. Therefore, our objective is to determine the biomarkers of congenital immunity associated with AR after KT and provide support for future research. Materials and Methods: A differential expression genes (DEGs) analysis was performed based on the dataset GSE174020 from the NCBI gene Expression Synthesis Database (GEO) and then combined with the GSE5099 M1 macrophage-related gene identified in the Molecular Signatures Database. We then identified genes in DEGs associated with M1 macrophages defined as DEM1Gs and performed gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Cibersort was used to analyze the immune cell infiltration during AR. At the same time, we used the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Cytoscape software to determine the key genes. Dataset, GSE14328 derived from pediatric patients, GSE138043 and GSE9493 derived from adult patients, were used to verify Hub genes. Additional verification was the rat KT model, which was used to perform HE staining, immunohistochemical staining, and Western Blot. Hub genes were searched in the HPA database to confirm their expression. Finally, we construct the interaction network of transcription factor (TF)-Hub genes and miRNA-Hub genes. Results: Compared to the normal group, 366 genes were upregulated, and 423 genes were downregulated in the AR group. Then, 106 genes related to M1 macrophages were found among these genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these genes are mainly involved in cytokine binding, antigen binding, NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activation of immune receptors and immune response, and activation of the inflammatory NF-κB signaling pathway. Two Hub genes, namely CCR7 and CD48, were identified by PPI and Cytoscape analysis. They have been verified in external validation sets, originated from both pediatric patients and adult patients, and animal experiments. In the HPA database, CCR7 and CD48 are mainly expressed in T cells, B cells, macrophages, and tissues where these immune cells are distributed. In addition to immunoinfiltration, CD4+T, CD8+T, NK cells, NKT cells, and monocytes increased significantly in the AR group, which was highly consistent with the results of Hub gene screening. Finally, we predicted that 19 TFs and 32 miRNAs might interact with the Hub gene. Conclusions: Through a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis, our findings may provide predictive and therapeutic targets for AR after KT.

Exosome-shuttled miR-150-5p from LPS-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells down-regulate PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway via Irs1 to enhance M2 macrophage polarization and confer protection against sepsis.

Rationale: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction and lack of effective measures in the current. Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reported to alleviate inflammation during sepsis, and the preconditioning of MSCs could enhance their paracrine potential. Therefore, this study investigated whether exosomes secreted by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-pretreated MSCs exert superior antiseptic effects, and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Exosomes were isolated and characterized from the supernatants of MSCs. The therapeutic efficacy of normal exosomes (Exo) and LPS-pretreated exosomes (LPS-Exo) were evaluated in terms of survival rates, inflammatory response, and organ damage in an LPS-induced sepsis model. Macrophages were stimulated with LPS and treated with Exo or LPS-Exo to confirm the results of the in vivo studies, and to explain the potential mechanisms. Results: LPS-Exo were shown to inhibit aberrant pro-inflammatory cytokines, prevent organ damages, and improve survival rates of the septic mice to a greater extent than Exo. In vitro, LPS-Exo significantly promoted the M2 polarization of macrophages exposed to inflammation. miRNA sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis identified the remarkable expression of miR-150-5p in LPS-Exo compared to that in Exo, and exosomal miR-150-5p was transferred into recipient macrophages and mediated macrophage polarization. Further investigation demonstrated that miR-150-5p targets Irs1 in recipient macrophages and subsequently modulates macrophage plasticity by down-regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Conclusion: The current findings highly suggest that exosomes derived from LPS pre-conditioned MSCs represent a promising cell-free therapeutic method and highlight miR-150-5p as a novel molecular target for regulating immune hyperactivation during sepsis.

[Epigenetic markers of choroidal melanoma]. / Epigeneticheskie markery melanomy khorioidei.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs (18-25 nucleotides in length) that are important participants in the regulation of gene expression. In 2003, their active role in oncogenesis was demonstrated. In 2008, the first report on the isolation of miRNAs from uveal melanoma (UM) tissue was published. Four years later (2012), the presence of miRNAs in the plasma of patients with this category was shown. To date, changes in the expression level of 100 miRNAs in the plasma of cancer patients (with cancer of various localizations) out of the 2654 miRNAs described in mirbase.org have been proven. In the plasma of patients with UM, changes in the expression of only 13 miRNAs have been confirmed. As a rule, studies were conducted in patients at the stage of hematogenous metastasis of UM. PURPOSE: This study analyzed the expression pattern of miRNA-223 and miRNA-126 in patients with localized choroidal melanoma (CM) taking into account biometric parameters in the absence of metastases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood plasma of 84 patients with M0N0 CM aged 35-86 years (mean age 63.4±1.2 years) was investigated. The basis for the diagnosis of CM was the results of ophthalmological examination, optical coherence tomography, and ultrasound scanning. In all cases, the absence of metastases was proven (using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging). Control - plasma of 28 volunteers (mean age 62.9±1.42 years, age range 45-78 years), who did not have tumoral, autoimmune, or chronic inflammatory processes. The expression levels of miRNAs circulating in blood plasma were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: An increase in the expression levels of miRNA-223 and miRNA-126 in the plasma of all 84 patients with CM was confirmed compared to the control group. Features of the miRNA expression pattern that emerged with changes in the tumor's quantitative parameters were identified. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of the levels of miRNA-223 and miRNA-126 in the blood plasma of patients with CM can be used in clinical practice to clarify the diagnosis of CM, as well as to predict the development of hematogenous metastases.

THUMPD3-AS1 inhibits ovarian cancer cell apoptosis through the miR-320d/ARF1 axis.

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies that has a poor prognosis. THUMPD3-AS1 is an oncogenic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in several cancers. Moreover, miR-320d is downregulated and inhibited proliferation in ovarian cancer cells, whereas ARF1 was upregulated and promoted the malignant progression in epithelial ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, the role of THUMPD3-AS1 in ovarian cancer and the underlying mechanism has yet to be elucidated. Human normal ovarian epithelial cells (IOSE80) and ovarian cancer cell lines (CAVO3, A2780, SKOV3, OVCAR3, and HEY) were adopted for in vitro experiments. The functional roles of THUMPD3-AS1 in cell viability and apoptosis were determined using CCK-8, flow cytometry, and TUNEL assays. Western blot was performed to assess the protein levels of ARF1, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase 3, whereas RT-qPCR was applied to measure ARF1 mRNA, THUMPD3-AS1, and miR-320d levels. The targeting relationship between miR-320d and THUMPD3-AS1 or ARF1 was validated with dual luciferase assay. THUMPD3-AS1 and ARF1 were highly expressed in ovarian cancer cells, whereas miR-320d level was lowly expressed. THUMPD3-AS1 knockdown was able to repress cell viability and accelerate apoptosis of OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells. Also, THUMPD3-AS1 acted as a sponge of miR-320d, preventing the degradation of ARF1. MiR-320d downregulation reversed the tumor suppressive function induced by THUMPD3-AS1 depletion. Additionally, miR-320d overexpression inhibited ovarian cancer cell viability and accelerated apoptosis, which was overturned by overexpression of ARF1. THUMPD3-AS1 inhibited ovarian cancer cell apoptosis by modulation of miR-320d/ARF1 axis. The discoveries might provide a prospective target for ovarian cancer treatment.

Single dose of intravenous miR199a-5p delivery targeting ischemic heart for long-term repair of myocardial infarction.

Long-term treatment of myocardial infarction is challenging despite medical advances. Tissue engineering shows promise for MI repair, but implantation complexity and uncertain outcomes pose obstacles. microRNAs regulate genes involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, and myocardial contraction, making them valuable for long-term repair. In this study, we find downregulated miR-199a-5p expression in MI. Intramyocardial injection of miR-199a-5p into the infarcted region of male rats revealed its dual protective effects on the heart. Specifically, miR-199a-5p targets AGTR1, diminishing early oxidative damage post-myocardial infarction, and MARK4, which influences long-term myocardial contractility and enhances cardiac function. To deliver miR-199a-5p efficiently and specifically to ischemic myocardial tissue, we use CSTSMLKAC peptide to construct P-MSN/miR199a-5p nanoparticles. Intravenous administration of these nanoparticles reduces myocardial injury and protects cardiac function. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of P-MSN/miR199a-5p nanoparticles in repairing MI through enhanced contraction and anti-apoptosis. miR199a-5p holds significant therapeutic potential for long-term repair of myocardial infarction.

miR-15a targets the HSP90 co-chaperone Morgana in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Morgana is a ubiquitous HSP90 co-chaperone protein coded by the CHORDC1 gene. Morgana heterozygous mice develop with age a myeloid malignancy resembling human atypical myeloid leukemia (aCML), now renamed MDS/MPN with neutrophilia. Patients affected by this pathology exhibit low Morgana levels in the bone marrow (BM), suggesting that Morgana downregulation plays a causative role in the human malignancy. A decrease in Morgana expression levels is also evident in the BM of a subgroup of Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients showing resistance or an incomplete response to imatinib. Despite the relevance of these data, the mechanism through which Morgana expression is downregulated in patients' bone marrow remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the possibility that Morgana expression is regulated by miRNAs and we demonstrated that Morgana is under the control of four miRNAs (miR-15a/b and miR-26a/b) and that miR-15a may account for Morgana downregulation in CML patients.

Enhancement of endothelial function and attenuation of portal vein injury using mesenchymal stem cells carrying miRNA-25-3p.

The aims of this study were to determine whether human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) modified by miRNA-25-3p (miR-25-3p) overexpression could promote venous endothelial cell proliferation and attenuate portal endothelial cell injury. HucMSCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were isolated and cultured from human umbilical cord and characterized. Lentiviral vectors expressing miRNA-25-3p were transfected into hucMSCs and confirmed by PCR. We verified the effect of miR-25-3p-modified hucMSCs on HUVEC by cell co-culture and cell supernatant experiments. Subsequently, exosomes of miR-25-3p-modified hucMSCs were isolated from cell culture supernatants and characterized by WB, NTA and TEM. We verified the effects of miR-25-3p-modified exosomes derived from hucMSCs on HUVEC proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis by in vitro cellular function experiments. Meanwhile, we further examined the downstream target genes and signaling pathways potentially affected by miR-25-3p-modified hucMSC-derived exosomes in HUVEC. Finally, we established a rat portal vein venous thrombosis model by injecting CM-DiR-labeled hucMSCs intravenously into rats and examining the homing of cells in the portal vein by fluorescence microscopy. Histological and immunohistochemical experiments were used to examine the effects of miRNA-25-3p-modified hucMSCs on the proliferation and damage of portal vein endothelial cells. Primary hucMSCs and HUVECs were successfully isolated, cultured and characterized. Primary hucMSCs were modified with a lentiviral vector carrying miR-25-3p at MOI 80. Co-culture and cell supernatant intervention experiments showed that overexpression of miRNA-25-3p in hucMSCs enhanced HUVEC proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro. We successfully isolated and characterized exosomes of miR-25-3p-modified hucMSCs, and exosome intervention experiments demonstrated that miR-25-3p-modified exosomes derived from hucMSCs similarly enhanced the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of HUVECs. Subsequent PCR and WB analyses indicated PTEN/KLF4/AKT/ERK1/2 as potential pathways of action. Analysis in a rat portal vein thrombosis model showed that miR-25-3p-modified hucMSCs could homing to damaged portal veins. Subsequent histological and immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated that intervention with miR-25-3p overexpression-modified hucMSCs significantly reduced damage and attenuated thrombosis in rat portal veins. The above findings indicate suggest that hucMSCs based on miR-25-3p modification may be a promising therapeutic approach for use in venous thrombotic diseases.

RUNX1, FUS, and ELAVL1-induced circPTPN22 promote gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through miR-6788-5p/PAK1 axis-mediated autophagy.

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the association of circular RNAs (circRNAs) with the pathological processes of various diseases and their involvement in the onset and progression of multiple cancers. Nevertheless, the functional roles and underlying mechanisms of circRNAs in the autophagy regulation of gastric cancer (GC) have not been fully elucidated. METHODS: We used transmission electron microscopy and the mRFP-GFP-LC3 dual fluorescent autophagy indicator to investigate autophagy regulation. The cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assay, Transwell assay, and Western blot assay were conducted to confirm circPTPN22's influence on GC progression. Dual luciferase reporter assays validated the binding between circPTPN22 and miR-6788-5p, as well as miR-6788-5p and p21-activated kinase-1 (PAK1). Functional rescue experiments assessed whether circPTPN22 modulates PAK1 expression by competitively binding miR-6788-5p, affecting autophagy and other biological processes in GC cells. We investigated the impact of circPTPN22 on in vivo GC tumors using a nude mouse xenograft model. Bioinformatics tools predicted upstream regulatory transcription factors and binding proteins of circPTPN22, while chromatin immunoprecipitation and ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the binding status. RESULTS: Upregulation of circPTPN22 in GC has been shown to inhibit autophagy and promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, circPTPN22 directly binds to miR-6788-5p, subsequently regulating the expression of PAK1, which activates protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) phosphorylation. This modulation ultimately affects autophagy levels in GC cells. Additionally, runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) negatively regulates circPTPN22 expression, while RNA-binding proteins such as FUS (fused in sarcoma) and ELAVL1 (recombinant ELAV-like protein 1) positively regulate its expression. Inhibition of the autophagy pathway can increase FUS expression, further upregulating circPTPN22 in GC cells, thereby exacerbating the progression of GC. CONCLUSION: Under the regulation of the transcription factor RUNX1 and RNA-binding proteins FUS and ELAVL1, circPTPN22 activates the phosphorylation of Akt and Erk through the miR-6788-5p/PAK1 axis, thereby modulating autophagy in GC cells. Inhibition of autophagy increases FUS, which in turn upregulates circPTPN22, forming a positive feedback loop that ultimately accelerates the progression of GC.

Integrated transcriptome and microRNA analysis reveals molecular responses to high-temperature stress in the liver of American shad (Alosa sapidissima).

BACKGROUND: Fish reproduction, development and growth are directly affected by temperature, investigating the regulatory mechanisms behind high temperature stress is helpful to construct a finer molecular network. In this study, we systematically analyzed the transcriptome and miRNA information of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) liver tissues at different cultivation temperatures of 24 â„ƒ (Low), 27 â„ƒ (Mid) and 30 â„ƒ (High) based on a high-throughput sequencing platform. RESULTS: The results showed that there were 1594 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 660 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in the LowLi vs. MidLi comparison group, 473 DEGs and 84 DEMs in the MidLi vs. HighLi group, 914 DEGs and 442 DEMs in the LowLi vs. HighLi group. These included some important genes and miRNAs such as calr, hsp90b1, hsp70, ssa-miR-125a-3p, ssa-miR-92b-5p, dre-miR-15a-3p and novel-m1018-5p. The DEGs were mainly enriched in the protein folding, processing and export pathways of the endoplasmic reticulum; the target genes of the DEMs were mainly enriched in the focal adhesion pathway. Furthermore, the association analysis revealed that the key genes were mainly enriched in the metabolic pathway. Interestingly, we found a significant increase in the number of genes and miRNAs involved in the regulation of heat stress during the temperature change from 24 °C to 27 °C. In addition, we examined the tissue expression characteristics of some key genes and miRNAs by qPCR, and found that calr, hsp90b1 and dre-miR-125b-2-3p were significantly highly expressed in the liver at 27 â„ƒ, while novel-m0481-5p, ssa-miR-125a-3p, ssa-miR-92b-5p, dre-miR-15a-3p and novel-m1018-5p had the highest expression in the heart at 30℃. Finally, the quantitative expression trends of 10 randomly selected DEGs and 10 DEMs were consistent with the sequencing data, indicating the reliability of the results. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study provides some fundamental data for subsequent in-depth research into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of A. sapidissima response to heat stress, and for the selective breeding of high temperature tolerant varieties.

LncRNA TRPM2-AS promotes endometrial carcinoma progression and angiogenesis via targeting miR-497-5p/SPP1 axis.

BACKGROUND: Anti-angiogenic therapy has become one of the effective treatment methods for tumors. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of tumorigenesis and angiogenesis in EC. However, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNA TRPM2-AS in EC are still not clear. METHODS: We screened the differently expressed lncRNAs that were highly associated with poor prognosis and angiogenesis of EC by bioinformatics analysis, and constructed a ceRNA network based on the prognostic lncRNAs. The subcellular localization of TRPM2-AS was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and nuclear cytoplasmic fractionation assay. CCK-8, EdU, transwell, western blot, qRT-PCR and endothelial tube formation assay were used to evaluate the effects of TRPM2-AS on the proliferation, invasion, migration of EC cells and angiogenesis. The targeted microRNA (miRNA) of TRPM2-AS was predicted by bioinformatic methods. The interaction between TRPM2-AS and miR497-5p, miR497-5p and SPP1 were analyzed by RNA immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assay. A subcutaneous tumor model was used to explore TRPM2-AS's function in vivo. CIBERSORT was used to analyze the correlation between TRPM2-AS and immune cell immersion in EC. RESULTS: We found that the expression of TRPM2-AS and SPP1 was aberrantly upregulated, while miR-497-5p expression was significantly downregulated in EC tissues and cells. TRPM2-AS was closely correlated with the angiogenesis and poor prognosis in EC patients. Mechanistically, TRPM2-AS could sponge miR-497-5p to release SPP1, thus promoting the proliferation, invasion and migration of EC cells and angiogenesis of HUVECs. Knockdown of TRPM2-AS in xenograft mouse model inhibited tumor proliferation and angiogenesis in vivo. In addition, TRPM2-AS plays a vital role in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment of EC, overexpression of TRPM2-AS in EC cells stimulated the polarization of M2 macrophages and angiogenesis through secreting SPP1 enriched exosomes. CONCLUSION: The depletion of TRPM2-AS inhibits the oncogenicity of EC by targeting the miR-497-5p/SPP1 axis. This study offers a better understanding of TRPM2-AS's role in regulating angiogenesis and provides a novel target for EC treatment.

Serum miRNA-1 may serve as a promising noninvasive biomarker for predicting treatment response in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) is a tumour suppressor that can inhibit cell proliferation and invasion in several cancer types. In addition, miR-1 was found to be associated with drug sensitivity. Circulating miRNAs have been proven to be potential biomarkers with predictive and prognostic value. However, studies of miR-1 expression in the serum of breast cancer (BC) patients are relatively scarce, especially in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). METHODS: Serum samples from 80 patients were collected before chemotherapy, and RT-PCR was performed to detect the serum expression of miR-1. The correlation between miR-1 expression in serum and clinicopathological factors, including pathological complete response (pCR), was analyzed by the chi-squared test and logistic regression. KEGG and GSEA analysis were also performed to determine the biological processes and signalling pathways involved. RESULTS: The miR-1 high group included more patients who achieved a pCR than did the miR-1 low group (p < 0.001). Higher serum miR-1 levels showed a strong correlation with decreased ER (R = 0.368, p < 0.001) and PR (R = 0.238, p = 0.033) levels. The univariate model of miR-1 for predicting pCR achieved an AUC of 0.705 according to the ROC curve. According to the interaction analysis, miR-1 interacted with Ki67 to predict the NAC response. According to the Kaplan-Meier plot, a high serum miR-1 level was related to better disease-free survival (DFS) in the NAC cohort. KEGG analysis and GSEA results indicated that miR-1 may be related to the PPAR signalling pathway and glycolysis. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our data suggested that miR-1 could be a potential biomarker for pCR and survival outcomes in patients with BC treated with NAC.

The mechanism and therapeutic potential of lncRNA MIR497HG/miR-16-5p axis in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer has become a major public health problem in the current society, and its incidence rate ranks the first among Chinese female malignant tumors. This paper once again confirmed the efficacy of lncRNA in tumor regulation by introducing the mechanism of the diagnosis of breast cancer by the MIR497HG/miR-16-5p axis. METHODS: The abnormal expression of MIR497HG in breast cancer was determined by RT-qPCR method, and the correlation between MIR497HG expression and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients was analyzed via Chi-square test. To understand the diagnostic potential of MIR497HG in breast cancer by drawing the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The overexpressed MIR497HG (pcDNA3.1-MIR497HG) was designed and constructed to explore the regulation of elevated MIR497HG on biological function of BT549 and Hs 578T cells through Transwell assays. Additionally, the luciferase gene reporter assay and Pearson analysis evaluated the targeting relationship of MIR497HG to miR-16-5p. RESULTS: MIR497HG was decreased in breast cancer and had high diagnostic function, while elevated MIR497HG inhibited the migration and invasion of BT549 and Hs 578T cells. In terms of functional mechanism, miR-16-5p was the target of MIR497HG, and MIR497HG reversely regulated the miR-16-5p. miR-16-5p mimic reversed the effects of upregulated MIR497HG on cell biological function. CONCLUSIONS: In general, MIR497HG was decreased in breast cancer, and the MIR497HG/miR-16-5p axis regulated breast cancer tumorigenesis, providing effective insights for the diagnosis of patients.

MicroRNAs as the pivotal regulators of Temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive nervous system tumor with a poor prognosis. Although, surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are the current standard protocol for GBM patients, there is still a poor prognosis in these patients. Temozolomide (TMZ) as a first-line therapeutic agent in GBM can easily cross from the blood-brain barrier to inhibit tumor cell proliferation. However, there is a high rate of TMZ resistance in GBM patients. Since, there are limited therapeutic choices for GBM patients who develop TMZ resistance; it is required to clarify the molecular mechanisms of chemo resistance to introduce the novel therapeutic targets. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate chemo resistance through regulation of drug metabolism, absorption, DNA repair, apoptosis, and cell cycle. In the present review we discussed the role of miRNAs in TMZ response of GBM cells. It has been reported that miRNAs mainly induced TMZ sensitivity by regulation of signaling pathways and autophagy in GBM cells. Therefore, miRNAs can be used as the reliable diagnostic/prognostic markers in GBM patients. They can also be used as the therapeutic targets to improve the TMZ response in GBM cells.

Dysregulated expression of miR-140 and miR-122 compromised microglial chemotaxis and led to reduced restriction of AD pathology.

BACKGROUND: Deposition of amyloid ß, which is produced by amyloidogenic cleavage of APP by ß- and γ-secretase, is one of the primary hallmarks of AD pathology. APP can also be processed by α- and γ-secretase sequentially, to generate sAPPα, which has been shown to be neuroprotective by promoting neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival, etc. METHODS: The global expression profiles of miRNA in blood plasma samples taken from 11 AD patients as well as from 14 age and sex matched cognitively normal volunteers were analyzed using miRNA-seq. Then, overexpressed miR-140 and miR-122 both in vivo and in vitro, and knock-down of the endogenous expression of miR-140 and miR-122 in vitro. Used a combination of techniques, including molecular biology, immunohistochemistry, to detect the impact of miRNAs on AD pathology. RESULTS: In this study, we identified that two miRNAs, miR-140-3p and miR-122-5p, both targeting ADAM10, the main α-secretase in CNS, were upregulated in the blood plasma of AD patients. Overexpression of these two miRNAs in mouse brains induced cognitive decline in wild type C57BL/6J mice as well as exacerbated dyscognition in APP/PS1 mice. Although significant changes in APP and total Aß were not detected, significantly downregulated ADAM10 and its non-amyloidogenic product, sAPPα, were observed in the mouse brains overexpressing miR-140/miR-122. Immunohistology analysis revealed increased neurite dystrophy that correlated with the reduced microglial chemotaxis in the hippocampi of these mice, independent of the other two ADAM10 substrates (neuronal CX3CL1 and microglial TREM2) that were involved in regulating the microglial immunoactivity. Further in vitro analysis demonstrated that both the reduced neuritic outgrowth of mouse embryonic neuronal cells overexpressing miR-140/miR-122 and the reduced Aß phagocytosis in microglia cells co-cultured with HT22 cells overexpressing miR-140/miR-122 could be rescued by overexpressing the specific inhibitory sequence of miR-140/miR-122 TuD as well as by addition of sAPPα, rendering these miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that neuroprotective sAPPα was a key player in the neuropathological progression induced by dysregulated expression of miR-140 and miR-122. Targeting these miRNAs might serve as a promising therapeutic strategy in AD treatment.

Hsa-miR-134-5p predicts cardiovascular risk in circulating mononuclear cells and improves angiogenic action of senescent endothelial progenitor cells.

This research explores the role of microRNA in senescence of human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) induced by replication. Hsa-miR-134-5p was found up-regulated in senescent EPCs where overexpression improved angiogenic activity. Hsa-miR-134-5p, which targeted transforming growth factor ß-activated kinase 1-binding protein 1 (TAB1) gene, down-regulated TAB1 protein, and inhibited phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) in hsa-miR-134-5p-overexpressed senescent EPCs. Treatment with siRNA specific to TAB1 (TAB1si) down-regulated TAB1 protein and subsequently inhibited p38 activation in senescent EPCs. Treatment with TAB1si and p38 inhibitor, respectively, showed angiogenic improvement. In parallel, transforming growth factor Beta 1 (TGF-ß1) was down-regulated in hsa-miR-134-5p-overexpressed senescent EPCs and addition of TGF-ß1 suppressed the angiogenic improvement. Analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) disclosed expression levels of hsa-miR-134-5p altered in adult life, reaching a peak before 65 years, and then falling in advanced age. Calculation of the Framingham risk score showed the score inversely correlates with the hsa-miR-134-5p expression level. In summary, hsa-miR-134-5p is involved in the regulation of senescence-related change of angiogenic activity via TAB1-p38 signalling and via TGF-ß1 reduction. Hsa-miR-134-5p has a potential cellular rejuvenation effect in human senescent EPCs. Detection of human PBMC-derived hsa-miR-134-5p predicts cardiovascular risk.