[Current advance in insulin signal transduction].

ABSTRACT

Evidence has suggested that the insulin receptor substarate(IRS)-phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K) pathway plays a central role in metabolic actions of insulin. The downstream effectors that mediate PI 3-kinase-dependent actions, such as Akt or atypical PKC, have been identified. Lipid and protein phosphatases that modulate the IRS-PI3 K pathway are implicated in the development of insulin resistance. The abundance of IRS, regulated at the level of both mRNA and protein, may also contribute to the sensitivity of cells to insulin. Tissue-specific insulin receptor knockout mice involved in insulin signaling are disrupted have reveled the impact of the defects of insulin signaling in a specific tissue.