Relationship of urinary sodium/potassium excretion and calcium intake to blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension among older Chinese vegetarians.
Eur J Clin Nutr
; 57(2): 299-304, 2003 Feb.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-12571663
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
To examine the associations of dietary sodium and potassium, as reflected by the urinary sodium/potassium excretion, and calcium intake with blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension among older Chinese vegetarians in Hong Kong.DESIGN:
Cross-sectional study.SETTING:
Research clinic in a teaching hospital in Hong Kong.SUBJECTS:
A total of 111 ambulatory vegetarians over the age of 55 were recruited from members of religious organizations or old age hostels. MAIN OUTCOMEMEASURES:
Hypertension was defined as supine blood pressure >140/90 mmHg or a history of hypertension. Dietary sodium, potassium and calcium intakes were assessed by 24 h recall method or fasting urinary sodium or potassium/creatinine ratios.RESULTS:
Seventy-one subjects (64%) were found to have hypertension. Compared with normotensive subjects, hypertensive subjects had lower calcium intake (411+/-s.d. 324 vs 589+/-428 mg, P=0.04), but higher urinary sodium/creatinine ratio (32.6+/-19.3 vs 21.0+/-12.4, P=0.00) and sodium/potassium ratio (4.7+/-2.8 vs 3.4+/-2.3, P=0.02). Among 88 subjects not taking diuretics or antihypertensive drugs, systolic blood pressure was related to calcium intake (r=-0.40), urinary sodium/creatinine ratio (r=0.39), urinary sodium/potassium ratio (r=0.30) and age (r=0.23). Diastolic blood pressure was related to urinary sodium/creatinine (r=0.29). Twenty-three subjects with high urinary sodium/potassium and low calcium intake and 16 subjects with low urinary sodium/potassium ratio and high calcium intake differed markedly with respect to systolic blood pressure (159+/-26 vs 130+/-15 mmHg) and prevalence of hypertension (78% vs 25%).CONCLUSIONS:
Older Chinese vegetarians are predisposed to hypertension because of their sodium-rich but calcium-deficient diets.
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Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Diet, Vegetarian
/
Blood Pressure
/
Sodium, Dietary
/
Calcium, Dietary
/
Potassium, Dietary
/
Hypertension
Type of study:
Observational_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Aged
/
Female
/
Humans
Country/Region as subject:
Asia
Language:
En
Journal:
Eur J Clin Nutr
Year:
2003
Document type:
Article