Risk factors for postpartum depression: a retrospective investigation.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To search for a possible correlation between incidence of postpartum depression (PPD) and any of the following factors recorded in patient charts at the routine, 4-week postnatal visit age, breast-feeding status, smoker/nonsmoker, marital status, preexisting depression and type of delivery. STUDY DESIGN: Data were obtained from 588 obstetric charts for women who gave birth between June 1, 2003, and June 1, 2004, at 3 university clinics in Tulsa, Oklahoma. RESULTS: Prior history of depression and smoking cigarettes were significant risk factors for an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of 13 or higher, indicating probable PPD. CONCLUSION: Our data and previous findings warrant continued investigation in a larger study to clearly delineate these and other possible risk factors for PPD and to facilitate prophylactic patient education and intervention strategies.