Ultrasound-assisted production of palm oil-based isotonic W/O/W multiple nanoemulsion encapsulating both hydrophobic tocotrienols and hydrophilic caffeic acid with enhanced stability using oil-based Sucragel.
Ultrason Sonochem
; 64: 104995, 2020 Jun.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-32106064
ABSTRACT
In this work, the effects of thickeners and tonicity towards producing stable palm oil-based water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple nanoemulsion using ultrasound and microfluidizer were investigated. Palm oil, Sucragel, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, Tween 80, Xanthan gum, and NaCl were used. W/O/W was formed under the optimized conditions of ultrasound at 40% amplitude and for 180 s of irradiation time, whereas for the microfluidizer, the optimized conditions were 350 bar and 8 cycles. This is the first work that successfully utilized Sucragel (oil-based thickener) in imparting enhanced stability in W/O/W. W/O/W with isotonic stabilization produced the lowest change in the mean droplet diameter (MDD), NaCl concentration, and water content by 1.5%, 2.6%, and 0.4%, respectively, due to reduced water movement. The final optimized W/O/W possessed MDD and dispersity index of 175.5 ± 9.8 and 0.232 ± 0.012, respectively. The future direction of formulating stable W/O/W would be by employing oil phase thickeners and isotonicity. The observed ~12 times lesser energy consumed by ultrasound than microfluidizer to generate a comparable droplet size of ~235 nm, further confirms its potential in generating the droplets energy-efficiently.
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Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Language:
En
Journal:
Ultrason Sonochem
Year:
2020
Document type:
Article