Neuroprotective Effect of Cinnamaldehyde on Secondary Brain Injury After Traumatic Brain Injury in a Rat Model.
World Neurosurg
; 153: e392-e402, 2021 09.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34224887
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible neuroprotective effects of cinnamaldehyde (CA) on secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a rat model.METHODS:
Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups control (n = 9), TBI (n = 9), vehicle (0.1% Tween 80; n = 8), and CA (100 mg/kg) (n = 9). TBI was induced by the weight-drop model. In brain tissues, myeloperoxidase activity and the levels of luminol-enhanced and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence were measured. Interleukin 1ß, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, tumor growth factor ß, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3 were evaluated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Brain injury was histopathologically graded after hematoxylin-eosin staining. Y-maze and novel object recognition tests were performed before TBI and within 24 hours of TBI.RESULTS:
Higher myeloperoxidase activity levels in the TBI group (P < 0.001) were suppressed in the CA group (P < 0.05). Luminol-enhanced and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, which were increased in the TBI group (P < 0.001, for both), were decreased in the group that received CA treatment (P < 0.001 for both). Compared with the increased histologic damage scores in the cerebral cortex and dentate gyrus of the TBI group (P < 0.001), scores of the CA group were lower (P < 0.001). Decreased number of entries and spontaneous alternation percentage in the Y-maze test of the TBI group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) were not evident in the CA group.CONCLUSIONS:
CA has shown neuroprotective effects by limiting neutrophil recruitment, suppressing reactive oxygen species and reducing histologic damage and acute hippocampal dysfunction.Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Acrolein
/
Brain
/
Neuroprotective Agents
/
Brain Injuries, Traumatic
Type of study:
Prognostic_studies
Limits:
Animals
Language:
En
Journal:
World Neurosurg
Year:
2021
Document type:
Article