Green conversion of hazardous red mud into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles.
J Hazard Mater
; 424(Pt B): 127507, 2022 02 15.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34879512
Red mud is a solid hazardous alumina industrial waste, which is rich in iron, titanium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, etc. The red mud contains 30-60% of hematite, which is suitable for shielding high energy X- and gamma rays. So, the iron rich red mud was converted into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles through ceramic route by adding a certain weight percentage of BaSO4 and binders (kaolin clay or sodium hexametaphosphate) with it. The kaolin clay tile possess sufficient impact strength (failure point is 852â¯mm for 19â¯mm steel ball) and flexural strength of ~25â¯N/mm2, which is suitable for wall applications. The 10.3â¯mm and 14.7â¯mm thick red mud:BaSO4:kaolin clay tile possess the attenuation equivalent to 2â¯mm and 2.3â¯mm lead at 125 kVp and 140 kVp, respectively. No heavy elements were found to leach out except chromium and arsenic from the sintered tiles. However, the leaching of Cr (0.6 ppm) and As (0.015 ppm) was found to be well below the permissible limit. These tiles can be used in the X-ray diagnosis, CT scanner, bone densitometry, and cath labs instead of toxic lead sheet and thereby to protect the operating personnel, public, and environment from radiation hazards.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Hazardous Waste
/
Aluminum Oxide
Type of study:
Diagnostic_studies
Language:
En
Journal:
J Hazard Mater
Year:
2022
Document type:
Article