Congener-Specific Uptake and Metabolism of Bisphenols in Carrot Cells: Dissipation Kinetics, Biotransformation, and Enzyme Responses.
J Agric Food Chem
; 71(4): 1896-1906, 2023 Feb 01.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36649116
ABSTRACT
Food consumption has been considered a key pathway of bisphenol compound (BP) exposure for humans. However, there is a lack of evidence concerning their congener-specific behavior and metabolism in plants. Herein, we examined the uptake and metabolism of five BPs in plants using carrot cells. Bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol AF (BPAF) exhibited substantially lower dissipation rates in the cells than the other BPs, indicating a strong selectivity in the uptake and metabolism among bisphenol congeners. For a total of 23 metabolites of BPs, the predominant biotransformation pathways were found to be glycosylation, methoxylation, and conjugation, while hydroxylation, methylation, and glutathionylation were only observed for some BPs. The changes in the mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 (P450) and the activities of glycosyltransferase and glutathione S-transferase were remarkably higher in cells exposed to bisphenol F, bisphenol A, and bisphenol B than in cells exposed to BPS and BPAF, indicating congener specificity in their effects on enzymes and the associated biotransformation processes. Consequently, the potential congener-specific differences in plant uptake, metabolism, and accumulation must be considered when assessing the environmental risks posed by these commonly used plasticizers.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Daucus carota
Limits:
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
J Agric Food Chem
Year:
2023
Document type:
Article