Aminoglycoside-Related Nephrotoxicity and Ototoxicity in Clinical Practice: A Review of Pathophysiological Mechanism and Treatment Options.
Adv Ther
; 40(4): 1357-1365, 2023 04.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36738370
ABSTRACT
Aminoglycosides are a class of medications used to treat certain bacterial infections, specifically gram-negative aerobes. These drugs can be used alone as first-line treatments or in combination with other medications. There can be many different formulations of aminoglycosides including oral, inhalants, intravascular, intramuscular, or intraventricular. There are many distinctive types of aminoglycosides, and although they provide excellent coverage, they can have a wide variety of side effects. The most prevalent side effects of aminoglycosides are nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity is concerning because of the effects that abnormal creatinine levels can have on other drugs and the potential for neurotoxicity. Fortunately, changes in renal function are typically reversible. The kidney is affected by the drug's ability to enter the proximal tubule and cause a buildup of phospholipids in the lysosomes, inhibiting their function. Exposure to aminoglycosides in utero can result in permanent ototoxicity. The mechanism of ototoxicity is through the drug's ability to freely pass into hair cells and cause reactive oxygen species to damage the mitochondria, resulting in cell death. There is not a substantial amount of research regarding the prevention and treatment of adverse effects of aminoglycosides. Future research on the mediation or modulation of these pathophysiological processes would expand their usage in modern medicine.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Bacterial Infections
/
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
/
Ototoxicity
Type of study:
Etiology_studies
Limits:
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
Adv Ther
Year:
2023
Document type:
Article