Unlocking the Full Potential of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Expanding Applications beyond Glycemic Control.
Int J Mol Sci
; 24(7)2023 Mar 23.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37047011
ABSTRACT
The number of diabetic patients has risen dramatically in recent decades, owing mostly to the rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several oral antidiabetic medications are used for the treatment of T2DM including, α-glucosidases inhibitors, biguanides, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP-1 receptor agonists, PPAR-γ agonists, DDP4 inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors. In this review we focus on the possible effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on different body systems. Beyond the diabetic state, SGLT2 inhibitors have revealed a demonstrable ability to ameliorate cardiac remodeling, enhance myocardial function, and lower heart failure mortality. Additionally, SGLT2 inhibitors can modify adipocytes and their production of cytokines, such as adipokines and adiponectin, which enhances insulin sensitivity and delays diabetes onset. On the other hand, SGLT2 inhibitors have been linked to decreased total hip bone mineral deposition and increased hip bone resorption in T2DM patients. More data are needed to evaluate the role of SGLT2 inhibitors on cancer. Finally, the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on neuroprotection appear to be both direct and indirect, according to scientific investigations utilizing various experimental models. SGLT2 inhibitors improve vascular tone, elasticity, and contractility by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin signaling pathways, and endothelial cell proliferation. They also improve brain function, synaptic plasticity, acetylcholinesterase activity, and reduce amyloid plaque formation, as well as regulation of the mTOR pathway in the brain, which reduces brain damage and cognitive decline.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Health context:
1_ASSA2030
/
2_ODS3
/
6_ODS3_enfermedades_notrasmisibles
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
/
Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
Limits:
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
Int J Mol Sci
Year:
2023
Document type:
Article