Reliability and Agreement of an Integrated Platform for Intelligent Visual Function Measurement.

Nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions (NBD) are common vision abnormalities. The relevant indicators involved in NBD are accommodative anomalies, convergence and divergence anomalies, and phoria. Convergence and divergence anomalies are disorders of binocular vision that result in either a failure of fusion or an inability to accurately integrate and stabilize retinal images from both eyes into a single representation. Phoria is the tendency of the eyes not to be directed towards the point of fixation, manifested in the absence or prevention of fusion. Measurement of accommodation and phoria are two particularly important components of comprehensive eye examination. Phoropter is widely used in ophthalmic clinics and optical stores for refraction examination and visual function assessment. It largely depends on the examiner's training, skill, and experience, which leads to high inter-examiner variability. In large-scale eye screening or busy hospital hours, examinees have to be inspected one by one using traditional instruments, which can be time consuming and tiring for optometrists, and can cause long queuing time for examinees. In this study, we evaluated the possibility of an alternative automatic diagnostic instrument for the assessment of binocular visual function. The platform is a new type of intelligent visual function inspection equipment with good reliability, and could be an alternative for clinicians to obtain visual function measurements with improved efficiency and fewer subjective errors. The use of this automatic instrument can avoid inter-examiner variability, helping to resolve the shortage problem of optometrists in China and offer a better testing service to eye examinees.