Photochemical activity of water-soluble organic compounds in motor vehicle exhaust particulate matter.

ABSTRACT

Particulate matter from motor vehicle exhaust is a type of important atmospheric particulates, which can absorb sunlight affecting its photochemical behavior. However, the photochemical activity of water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) in motor vehicle exhaust particulate matter has not been explored. Here, we applied WSOC in particulate matter from motor vehicle exhaust to investigate the photogenerating ability of its reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its effect based on model phenol photodegradation with the comparison between WSOC in diesel particulate matter and in gasoline particulate matter. The WSOC in diesel particulate matter indicates higher abililty to generate ROS. The main active substance produced by WSOC in the presence of light is 3WSOC*, the secondary substance is 1O2, and small amounts of ·OH and O2·- are also produced. Less active material was produced as WSOC photoaging time increases. Furthermore, the WSOC in diesel particulate matter is more sensitive to light exposure compared to WSOC in gasoline particulate matter. The effects of common atmospheric ionic components on model phenol photodegradation were also explored. Whether WSOC of diesel particulate matter or WSOC of gasoline particulate matter, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and ferric chloride promote degradation of model phenol, and copper sulfate inhibited model phenol degradation. However, a different trend emerged with the addition of sodium chloride, which promoted the degradation of model phenol in WSOC of diesel particulate matter and inhibited the degradation in WSOC of gasoline particulate matter.