Unveiling the spiral groove: a journey through clinical anatomy, pathology, and imaging.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To review the anatomy of the spiral groove, its clinical significance, and the imaging characteristics of common pathologies affecting this area, highlighting the strengths of different imaging modalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive review of the spiral groove anatomy and its clinical implications and an evaluation of various imaging techniques, including radiography, ultrasound, MRI, and CT, was conducted. The review covers pathologic conditions such as Saturday night palsy, humeral fractures, tumours, and infections, with an emphasis on their imaging findings and clinical implications. RESULTS: The spiral groove provides a pathway for the radial nerve and the deep brachial artery, both crucial for upper limb function. Each imaging modality offers unique advantages radiography is useful for initial assessment, ultrasound provides dynamic visualisation, MRI offers high-resolution soft tissue imaging, and CT is ideal for detailed bone anatomy. Understanding these imaging characteristics is essential for diagnosing fractures, assessing humeral alignment, and detecting nerve entrapment or injury. CONCLUSION: Accurate imaging of the spiral groove is essential for diagnosing and treating pathologies related to this anatomical feature. The integrative approach of using appropriate imaging modalities enhances diagnostic precision and informs therapeutic strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.