Hepatorenal Syndrome in the Setting of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Chronic Lymphedema: A Case Report.

ABSTRACT

Cholangiocarcinomas are aggressive cancers originating in the bile ducts, classified based on their location as intrahepatic, perihilar, or distal, and often present with symptoms such as jaundice, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Hepatorenal syndrome, a severe complication of liver failure that impairs kidney function and worsens prognosis, further complicates the management of these tumors. We present the case of a 49-year-old Caucasian male who initially sought treatment for jaundice and associated symptoms, including severe itching, gray-colored stools, and fatigue. His medical history, including recent gastric sleeve surgery, obesity, and smoking, along with symptoms of weight loss and increased leg swelling, initially obscured the severity of his condition. Diagnostic imaging and laboratory tests eventually revealed intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI) and hepatorenal syndrome. Despite the poor prognosis of hepatorenal syndrome, which typically requires liver transplantation for a definitive cure, the patient chose aggressive treatment following stabilization of his renal function. This case highlights the importance of a thorough diagnostic approach in patients presenting with jaundice and vague symptoms, especially as the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma rises, particularly among younger populations. Early and accurate diagnosis, combined with prompt intervention, is crucial for improving patient outcomes in this challenging clinical scenario.