Moderate zinc and vitamin A deficiency in breast milk of mothers from East-Jakarta.
Eur J Clin Nutr
; 52(12): 884-90, 1998 Dec.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-9881883
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
To gain information about the micronutrient status of urban, middle-income, breast-feeding mothers in relation to zinc and selected fat-soluble vitamins in plasma and breast milk and to assess possible interaction between the measured micronutrients.DESIGN:
Cross-sectional study.SUBJECTS:
91 mothers and their infants living in middle-income areas of Jakarta, Indonesia.RESULTS:
None of the measured anthropometric data of the mothers (e.g. BMI 22.0+/-3.1 kg/m2) and their infants (birth weight 3.2+/-0.5 kg) gave any indication of undernutrition. The mean concentrations in blood were 124+/-18 g/l for hemoglobin, 385+/-111 microg/l for retinol, 34+/-23 microg/l for alpha-carotene, 104+/-72 microg/l for beta-carotene, 7.7+/-3.3 mg/l for alpha-tocopherol, 0.57+/-0.23 mg/l for gamma-tocopherol, 855+/-242 microg/l for zinc, and the median concentration of lycopene was 29 microg/l. The median breast milk concentrations were 420 microg/l for retinol, 7.8 microg/l for beta-carotene, and 2.7 mg/l for zinc. With increased duration of lactation, vitamin A and zinc concentrations significantly decreased in breast milk whereas plasma zinc concentration increased. Plasma alpha- and beta-carotene were positively correlated (P < 0.0001) with each other and with plasma lycopene. Breast milk beta-carotene was positively correlated with breast milk retinol and with plasma beta-carotene (P < 0.0001). There was no correlation between zinc and vitamin A in either breast milk or plasma. Forty per cent of the mothers were anemic, 29.1% had a low plasma zinc concentration, and 23.7% had a moderately low plasma vitamin A concentration. Breast milk from 70% of the women had a low concentration of vitamin A and that from 66% had a low concentration of zinc.CONCLUSIONS:
Multi-micronutrient intervention should be considered to provide a sufficient supply of zinc and vitamin A for growth of exclusively breast-fed infants.
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Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Vitamin A
/
Vitamin A Deficiency
/
Zinc
/
Milk, Human
Type of study:
Observational_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Adult
/
Female
/
Humans
Country/Region as subject:
Asia
Language:
En
Journal:
Eur J Clin Nutr
Year:
1998
Document type:
Article