Afrontamiento religioso y espiritualidad como mediadores entre estrés percibido y resiliencia en adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Religious coping and spirituality as mediators between perceived stress and resilience in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

RESUMEN

Antecedentes la resiliencia es un recurso psicológico relacionado con mejoras significativas en la salud de personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) y se vincula con el afrontamiento religioso y la espiritualidad y menores índices de estrés. Objetivos: analizar la relación entre el estrés percibido y la resiliencia, así como los efectos directos e indirectos y totales de espiritualidad y afrontamiento religioso mediante un modelo de mediación hipotetizado en personas con DMT2. Método: estudio transversal con un total de 216 participantes, el 41.2% son hombres y el 58.8% mujeres, con rango de edad de 30 a 78 años (M = 56.63, DE = 11.27). Se utilizó la Escala de Estrés Percibido (PSS-14), Escala de Espiritualidad (SS), Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento Religioso (IEAR) y el Cuestionario de Resiliencia. Resultados: el afrontamiento religioso media la relación entre estrés y resiliencia al presentar un efecto indirecto significativo (ß = -.05, EE = .02, IC 95% [-.09, -.01]), mientras que la espiritualidad no es un predictor significativo en la asociación (ß = .03, EE = .03, IC 95% [-.09, .03]). Conclusiones: se encuentra evidencia acerca del efecto de mediación que posee la variable afrontamiento religioso entre el estrés percibido y la resiliencia, así como de la relación que mantiene la espiritualidad con la resiliencia en personas con DMT2. Palabras clave estrés percibido; espiritualidad; afrontamiento religioso; resiliencia; diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

ABSTRACT

Background: Resilience is a psychological resource related to significant improvements in the health of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is linked to religious coping and spirituality and lower levels of stress. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between perceived stress and resilience as well as the direct, indirect, and total effects of spirituality and religious coping through a hypothesized mediation model in people with T2DM. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted with a total of 216 participants, out of whom 41.2% were men and 58.8% were women in the age range of 30 to 78 years (M = 56.63, SD = 11.27). The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), the Spirituality Scale (SS), the Religious Coping Strategies Inventory (IEAR), and the Resilience Questionnaire were used. Results: Religious coping mediates the relationship between stress and resilience by showing a significant indirect effect (ß = -.05, SE = .02, 95% CI [-.09, -.01]), whereas spirituality is not a significant predictor in such a relationship (ß = .03, SE = .03, 95% CI [-.09, .03]). Conclusions: Evidence was found regarding the mediation effect of religious coping between perceived stress and resilience, as well as the relationship between spirituality and resilience in people with T2DM. Keywords perceived stress; spirituality; religious coping; resilience; type 2 diabetes mellitus.