Uso de pericardio bovino para la corrección de cardiopatías congénitas / Use of bovine pericardium for correcting congenital cardiopathies

RESUMEN

El parche de pericardio bovino se ha utilizado como una alternativa para diferentes patologías quirúrgicas, entre las que se incluyen las malformaciones cardiacas congénitas. Pese a ello, hay pocos artículos que reportan la experiencia con este tipo parche. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la experiencia con el uso de pericardio bovino para la reconstrucción de cardiopatías en la Clínica Cardiovascular Santa María, desde 1994.Materiales y métodos: se sometieron 520 pacientes a un procedimiento quirúrgico correctivo o paliativo de alguna cardiopatía congénita en la que se utilizó el parche de pericardio bovino. De éstos, 163 tenían un seguimiento de por lo menos dos años. Se evaluó la localización del parche, el tipo de procedimientos, la supervivencia, las calcificaciones, los aneurismas y las fugas. Así mismo, se evaluó la clase funcional y se comparó la supervivencia de los pacientes de acuerdo con la localización y el tipo de parche.

ABSTRACT

Bovine pericardial patch has been utilized as an alternative for different surgical pathologies, including congenital heart malformations. Nevertheless, there are only few articles that report the experience with this kind of patch. The objective of this study is to evaluate the experience with the use of bovine pericardium for the reconstruction of cardiopathies in the Santa Maria Cardiovascular Clinic Medellín since 1994. Materials and methods: 520 patients underwent a corrective or palliative surgical procedure of a congenital heart disease in which the bovine pericardial patch was utilized. 163 of these patients had at least two years follow-up. The localization of the patch, as well as the kind of procedures, the survival, calcifications, aneurysms and leaks, were evaluated. The functional class was evaluated as well and the patients’ survival was compared according to the localization and the kind of patch. Results: 520 procedures were realized using the bovine pericardial patch. Prevalent malformations were septal defects (58%) followed by the tetralogy of Fallot (16%).The patch was also used in total or partial anomalous venous connections, and pulmonary atresia among others. 50.9% was localized in a systemic way and 49.7% in the pulmonary circulation. According to the localization, 50.3% were intracardiac and 49.7% extracardiac. Two leaks, two bleedings and three re-interventions were reported during the implantation. During the follow-up only three leaks were reported. Global survival was 95%. There were no significant differences in survival with intra or extracardiac patches or in those that supported pulmonary or systemic circulation. No calcifications were reported. 95% of patients were in functional class I or II, and the rest in III and IV.Conclusions: bovine pericardial patch is a useful tool for the correction of congenital heart diseases. Tissue characteristics offer advantages to the surgeon, such as the easy molding...