["Heart attack in humans"--the health belief model in comparison with the health reality of patients with myocardial infarction]. / "Czlowiek w zawale"--system prezentowanego modelu zdrowia w konfrontacji z rzeczywistoscia zdrowotna osób z zawalem miesnia sercowego.

ABSTRACT

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the direct cause of 40% of all deaths, independently of the high standard of medical treatment. The main aim of the study was to define the relationship between the declarative health model (declarations) and the real health activity of the sufferers (realization). The research was performed on 107 patients after acute MI, hospitalized in the Cardiology Department Medical University of Silesia. They were questioned in direct interviews. In addition, the modified form of Shalit's circle was applied. The results indicated the coexistence of two health models of patients. In declarations, there is a model of person with interior attribution of MI (90.65%) that has a feeling of ability to influence his/her health (e.g. through the lifestyle 63.55%; an individual's character 41.12%). In realization, there is a model of sick patient with exterior attribution of heart attack (e.g. political and economic crisis, innate predisposition). A similar tendency in the perception of health factors and planning of changes after MI was observed. For instance, 50.47% patients talked about "the increase caution" or "slowing down" as a new planned form of activity. Moreover, of 92% patients who have the social support only 33.64% consider that as an important factor for health. The results suggest a divergence between declarations and real health activity. The launched health model of beliefs seems to be too costly and not attractive enough. Taking into consideration the complete risk factors in MI and making the proposed health belief system more accessible seem to be essential for creating an adequate prevention program.